Nano Filtration (NF) Technology for
Sewage Treatment
There are two classes of
membrane process used in the water and wastewater field. The first category
includes reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF).
Technology
There are two types of membrane filtration technology for water
and wastewater treatment, namely ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF).
UF has pores of 0.01 – 0.02 μm, while MF for water treatment has pores of 0.04
– 0.10 μm. In wastewater applications, coarser MF pore sizes of 0.2 and 0.4 μm
can be used, but the finer MF membranes for water duties are also suitable.
MF removes common
particles found in water including bacteria and other microbial organisms,
while UF removes viruses in addition, thereby providing a physical disinfection
barrier. For RO pre-treatment of wastewater, membrane filtration is normally
used in combination with coagulation to control fouling, ensure operational
stability and improve removals of dissolved organics.
Conclusions
•
Wastewater treated by conventional activated sludge provides a suitable feed
for membrane treatment
•
The wastewater reuse market is growing rapidly, and provides an opportunity
with excellent business potential for membrane filtration
•
For wastewater reuse, UF/MF membrane pre-treatment is essential for low cost RO
•
The energy cost and Total Water Cost for wastewater reuse is significantly
below that of seawater desalination
•
MBR – RO has higher energy costs than conventional wastewater treatment followed
by UF/MF – RO
•
Membrane filtration case studies in wastewater reuse have provided good
experience for the water Industry.
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membrane filtration
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