A venture capitalist's wishlist

From 1992 to 2000, Srini Raju was the Chief Operating Officer of Satyam Computers. He was the first CEO of Cognizant Technology Solutions. In 2000, he turned Venture Capitalist and founded iLabs Capital to help start new ventures. iLabs now funds 13 companies. He is also one of the founding members of the International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT).

What does he look for in a venture?

"I will look for two things," says Raju. "One is the quality of the team. Second is the business plan. My question to an entrepreneur will be -- are you looking to be one among many or unique? If someone comes to me without doing proper homework on competitors, I won't even look at the person. When someone comes with an idea, I ask -- are you the first one, the second or the hundredth? Most of the time, they don't know."

Advice to budding entrepreneurs

1. "First," says Raju, "I will tell them to go and work with another start-up company. All my life, I have struggled working at start-up companies. I never worked with big names; we created brands later on. It is very tough because you always have to identify yourself. We had to sell ourselves because we didn't have brands. My brand was my idea. So, budding entrepreneurs should first work at a start-up company � one where the management is good.

2. The next thing is to identify whom you want to start the company with. Don't ever start one all alone. You should have a minimum of three and a maximum of five buddies, because it is very difficult to get good talent. When big companies find it difficult, how can a start-up attract good people?

3. Many businesses are very local today. Look at Reliance -- everything is local for them, and they are doing big business. So, people now know that you can build big businesses by looking at local markets alone. Investors are also okay with that outlook. You don't have to have an international market to succeed. We look at the global market only in the case of services."

The booming areas

"Opportunities today are plenty," says Raju. "You have to decide where you want to play the game." His recommendations:

1. "Infrastructure is a booming area. Housing is awfully short in India, so we have to build houses for millions of people. Housing will continue to be a big area for some time.

2. Retail and distribution are booming.

3. I would call media and entertainment the most exciting sector. What was India-centric will go global, like Hollywood has.

4. The Life Sciences space is very interesting; both in terms of medical care and medicine."

How to make a GREAT PowerPoint presentation

How to make a GREAT PowerPoint presentation


Sunder Ramachandran | May 29, 2006

Does the thought of making a PPT get your palms all sweaty?

Well, you can change that. Here, we tell you how to hone your presentation skills, so that you look forward to it instead of approach it with dread.

For those who are lost, PPT is an abbreviation for the PowerPoint Presentation. This is a high-powered software tool marketed by Microsoft. They claim 30 million presentations are made with PowerPoint every day.

Basically, it is a tool used to present information in a slide show format. You can use text, charts, graphs, photographs, sound effects and even video with a lot of ease to present (sometimes boring) ideas, facts, trends, whatever information you want to.

So, whether your audience is your boss, your colleagues, a client, or students, here's how to make a killer presentation.

• 6 tips to make a GREAT presentation

When making the slides...

Shoot them with bullets 

"Less is more on a slide show. Too much information on a single slide becomes unreadable, especially when it is projected on a big screen for a large audience," says Delhi-based Ajay Jain, CEO, TCP Media.

1. Present your content in the form of four to five bulleted points per slide; anything more and you end up creating clutter. Using bullets not only makes your slide readable, it also adds to the overall impact of your presentation.

2. Let your bullets be visible. Try to use a font size of 18-24.

3. Don't let each bulleted point be too lengthy. Limit it to six words in one line -- use short sentences.

4. Try to restrict it to six lines in a slide.

5. Contrast the text with the background.

6. To highlight certain important information, present that text in a larger font size. 

Don't make it too animated

PowerPoint offers tremendous multimedia capabilities, but don't get carried away with flashy videos, music clips or graphics. Restrict it to certain slides, you don't have to employ it for each and every one.

"One of my students made a presentation on micro finance. It was a serious topic but every slide had background music and even the click of the mouse produced fancy sounds. This took away from the seriousness of the subject being discussed," says Madurai-based M Subramanian a senior faculty member with the R L Institute Of Management Studies.

Use the multimedia capabilities only for special emphasis or to demonstrate how something works. If you use animation excessively, your presentation could be labeled as 'school-boyish'.

Space it out evenly

Select the first of the three or more objects you want to space out, hold down the 'Shift' key and click the remaining objects you want evenly spaced out.

Go to the 'View' menu and select 'Toolbars', then select 'Drawing' to open the 'Drawing' toolbar. Once there, click 'Draw'.

A menu opens.

Click 'Align' or 'Distribute', then 'Distribute Horizontally' or 'Distribute Vertically' to align the objects you selected. Your slides will look balanced and dapper.

• Making a presentation? Use mind maps

When presenting...

Your PPT is not a Teleprompter

Don't commit the cardinal sin of reading out your slides word for word. This is guaranteed to get your audience yawning and reaching for more coffee.

PPT slides are to be used as a visual communication aid and not as a teleprompter for the speaker. 

"If I want my audience to make notes of important points, I usually provide hand-outs or leaflets after the presentation. This ensures the audience is listening instead of taking notes," says Mumbai-based Prabh Sharan, training manager with Kingfisher Airlines.

Get out of the way

Make sure you are not blocking the audience's view. Use a laser beam to identify the points on the screen, never your arm. A flailing arm is a distraction.

"In one of the college presentations, a colleague kept prompting us to read the slides but would not move away. We ended up reading the slides from his face as he was standing right in front of the projector," says Madan Ramachandran, an MBA graduate from ICFAI business school, Hyderabad.

Go slow

"In one of our routine university meets, a fellow academician flipped through a 15-slide presentation in about five minutes," says Delhi based Shanthi Chander, senior administrative officer, Indira Gandhi University. "At the end of it," he concludes, "we all had the same question on our minds -- what exactly just hit us?"

Don't rush through your slide show. Give about 30 seconds to two minutes for the images on your slide show to make an impact. This will also give you time to answer questions and make your point.

Do dummy runs

Don't make the first presentation to your audience. You should do the entire presentation by yourself (in front of a mirror, if possible). See how it flows and how long it takes.

If you are uncertain, maybe you could run it past a colleague or a friend. Ask them for feedback. Go through other presentations. if you have them, and see how others have done it. Recollect all the presentations you attended -- what you like about them, what you disliked about them, etc. Now, implement what you have learnt from all of this in your slide show presentation.

It's not just technology

PowerPoint may be a great piece of technology, but your effectiveness as a public speaker will eventually dictate the impact.

Dress smartly. Entertain the audience with some amount of planned humour. Share anecdotes and stories.

Don't talk in a monotone. Pack in enthusiasm and energy into your voice.

And, if you do goof up, never apologise -- take a breath, smile and move on. You will be surprised to know how many in your audience may not have even noticed the mishap until you made it obvious.

• Become a superstar at telesales. Here's how

Smart tips...

Go blank: If you want the audience to take their eyes off the slides, just put the presentation on slide show mode and press 'B' on your keyboard.

This will blank out the screen and you will have the audience's attention. Press 'B' again and you are back.

Add speaker notes: Worried about forgetting your script? Here's a smart solution.

Go to the slide for which you want to add notes. Go to the 'View' menu and select 'Notes'.

Click the text placeholder and begin typing your speaker notes. Only YOU can see these notes, so your audience will leave your presentation, impressed with your ability to say smart things at the right time. Try it out, it's really cool.

Navigate: If you have to navigate through slides, you can simply type in the slide number and press 'Enter'.

• 3 golden rules for effective communication

A powerful presentation is not a matter of chance. It takes a lot of preparation and practice, but the thundering applause from your audience will make it all worth it.

So bring out your shining new slide show and wow even the toughest audience.

DATA REQUIRED TO DESIGN ANY ETP/STP/WTP

1. Type Of Waste : Is it dyeing and printing or only dyeing or only printing

2.Total quantity of waste : Not mentioned

3.Total processing hour in a day of 24 hours: Not Mentioned

4. Flow Rate: 40 cu mtr/ Hr

5.Inlet Parameters: pH:-------, TSS:--------, BOD:---------, COD:---------, OIl & Grease:-------, Detergents:-------

6.Outlet parameters required:

7.Available area for the proposed ETP:

8. Do you mean to reuse the treated water or some part of it, if yes how much water and where

Advice from an entrepreneur turned VC

On what, as a VC, he will look for in an entrepreneur

1. I will see if they have a fire in their belly because, at the end of the day, they are the ones going to make a venture a success. They must have passion and conviction.

2. They should be ready to play a long innings. I call it a marathon as well as a sprint. You have to be running fast despite it being a long race.

3. Ideas change, as do business models and markets, but they should understand that it is eventually all about people. If the team is strong, does the right things and learns from customers and the marketplace, it can always create value and get an exit. So, it is a team affair to begin with.

4. I will ask, are they clear about market opportunities for the ideas they are going after?

5. I will also ask them what is the implemented value they offer customers. I am not talking about the perceived value. A lot of them get confused about the stated value versus realised value. They can write anything on a piece of paper, but is that what customers are saying once they implement your services?

6. I will look at the barriers for entry. How much lead-time do they have compared to other players? How soon can they get in? Even gorillas can get in when the market becomes viable; can they compete with the big boys? Can they carve their own niche?

If an entrepreneur doesn't have answers to all the questions a VC asks, no one will invest money in his idea. It is true that he will not have all the clarity in the beginning, but he should be willing to refocus his business model when the need arises.

What entrepreneurs should keep in mind while meeting a VC

1. To begin with, he should do a lot of homework and find the right VC. He should find out what the VCs are interested in, what they are passionate about, etc.

2. Once you do the homework, select a set of VCs. If I were an entrepreneur, I wouldn't pitch to all of them on day one; I would pitch to two or three of them and get feedback.

3. Pitching should be more informal. You will know the VC's interests in the first meeting itself. VCs will put forward some common objections, but you put all objections in a bucket -- objections about the team, technology, size of the market place, competition, etc. Once you put them in a bucket, decide whether you can resolve them. Target 10-12 of the relevant ones before going to pitch.

4. At conferences like TiE-ISB, you get to meet busy VCs over a cup of tea or lunch, which you will otherwise be able to do.

5. A lot of entrepreneurs are worried about VCs stealing their ideas. My advice to them is, never worry. They should protect their intellectual property. VCs will never steal their ideas; they have very little time. So, they should shed that idea first. I must say this fear doesn't exist in Silicon Valley because so much has happened there. The level of professionalism there is higher. The fear occurs because entrepreneurship has been happening relatively recently in India. It will take some time to come out of it.

What one should do after becoming an entrepreneur

1. You have to dispel the notion that 'I want to own 90 per cent of what I build'. You have to look at making the pie bigger. It doesn't matter whether you own 90 per cent of a $10 million company or 20-30 per cent of a $300 million company. Your net worth is much higher. So, you have to create and share wealth.

2. You also have to bring in the right people to make the pie bigger.

3. When you scale a company, as an entrepreneur, you start with a lot of passion. After you build to a certain scale, you have to decide when to step aside and bring in a professional team to take the company to the next level. Entrepreneurs across the world have this possessiveness; they want to hold on to their company very closely.

4. Apart from your hard work, you have to be at the right place at the right time. Timing is everything. You have to time it right, which is where judgment comes into play. You may go up to 10-20 million in revenue but, when consolidation takes place in the marketplace, you will be nobody. You may never get an exit. Finally, remember that luck plays a major role.

Water Purification

http://www.about-water-purifiers.info/

Water Purifiers - How Safe is the Water You Drink?

Water is life's mater and matrix, mother and medium. There is no life without water, but water in its raw state is not suitable for drinking. It contains numerous contaminants, which can be dangerous to human health.

But, thanks goes to Science that has invented devices to shield civilization against such aqua ailments. A water purifier is one of such devices that purify our drinking water. A water purifier is a wonderful device that converts raw water so that it tastes like nectar; therefore by this process it makes ordinary tap water perfectly suitable for drinking.

Health Benefits of a Water Purifier:

A water purifier is very beneficial for healthy living. Ordinary untreated water can contain numerous contaminants including bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi, minerals, and man-made chemical pollutants that cannot be seen with the naked eye. These contaminants are very pernicious for one’s health.

A water purifier kills these organisms and filtrates the contaminants to make the water perfectly fit for drinking. Thus water purifiers save us from numerous dangerous bacterial and viral diseases that easily spread when water becomes contaminated.

Water Purification Techniques:

Different water purifiers use different techniques of purification. The common techniques used to purify water include boiling, carbon filtering, distilling, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, electrode ionization, water conditioning and plumbo-solvency reduction.

Carbon filtering: This technique is commonly used in home water filters. Charcoal, a form of carbon with a high surface area due to its mode of preparation, adsorbs many compounds, including some toxic compounds. The water is passed through activated charcoal to remove such contaminants. Granular charcoal filtering and sub-micron solid block carbon filtering are the two types of carbon filtering systems.

Granular charcoal is not very effective for removing contaminants such as mercury, volatile organic chemicals, asbestos, pesticides, disinfections byproduct (trihalomethanes), mtbe, pcbs etc. The sub-micron solid block carbon filter is the better system that removes all of the contaminants.

Home water filters drinking water sometimes also contains silver. These small amounts of silver ions can have a bactericidal effect.

Reverse osmosis: The reverse osmosis water system is the technique in which mechanical pressure is applied to an impure solution to force pure water through a semi-permeable membrane. The process is called reverse osmosis, and is theoretically the most thorough method of large-scale water purification.

Ion exchange: Most common ion exchange systems use a zeolite resin bed and simply replace unwanted Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions with benign (soap friendly) Na+ or K+ ions. This is the common water softener. A more rigorous type of ion exchange swaps H+ ions for unwanted cations and hydroxide (OH-) ions for unwanted anions. The result is H+ + OH- → H2O. This system is recharged with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, respectively. The result is essentially deionized water.

Electrodeionization: It includes passing the water through a positive electrode and a negative electrode. Ion selective membranes allow the positive ions to separate from the water toward the negative electrode and the negative ions toward the positive electrode. It results in high purity de-ionized water. The water is usually passed through a reverse osmosis unit first to remove nonionic organic contaminants.

Water conditioning: This is a method of reducing the effects of hard water. Hardness salts are deposited in water systems subject to heating because the decomposition of bicarbonate ions creates carbonate ions that crystallize out of the saturated solution of calcium or magnesium carbonate. Water with high concentrations of hardness salts can be treated with soda ash (Sodium carbonate) that precipitates out the excess salts, through the common ion effect, as calcium carbonate of very high purity. The precipitated calcium carbonate is traditionally sold to the manufacturers of toothpaste.

Plumbo-solvency reduction: In areas with naturally acidic waters of low conductivity (i.e. surface rainfall in upland mountains of igneous rocks), the water is capable of dissolving lead from any lead pipes that it is carried in. The addition of small quantities of phosphate ion and increasing the pH slightly both assist in greatly reducing plumbo-solvency by creating insoluble lead salts on the inner surfaces of the pipes.

8 lessons for budding entrepreneurs

At the Tie-ISB Connect 2006, Sanjeev Kumar spoke about the eight lessons he has learnt as an entrepreneur. These are mantras that all budding entrepreneurs should keep in mind.

1. It always takes a long time to establish a company.

2. It always costs more (than you thought it would) to start a company.

3. We need leaders, not managers, for an enterprise to succeed.

4. Perseverance pays. You have to believe in what you are creating, and keep the faith. In 2001, many people told us we were over, but we are still here.

5. History does not always repeat itself.

6. Communication is key. Listening is extremely important. You should have the ability to listen to your employees.

7. Be prepared for the culture factor in the US and in India, though a lot of cross-pollination has taken place by now.

8. In good times, be prepared for the bad times. Good times will not last forever. Business is cyclical.

He also compares India of the past to what it is today:

1. India today has the right mix of technical resources.

2. There is a better ecosystem in place. In 1999, when we were establishing ourselves, we had only personal contacts.

3. There is a more developed and distributed academic system in India today. Silicon Valley succeeded because of better academia. Today, in India, you have not just the IITs, but many good private institutions that produce excellent, technically competent people.

4. The speed at which the domestic market is growing is very heartening.

5. Infrastructure is developing fast, and is as good as what's in America.

6. India has more cost-effective communication channels.

7. Accessibility is easier today.

8. The Indian government has realised the importance of having business, so there are more incentives from the authorities. The best thing is states competing with each other to attract new ventures.

9. Many states have realised the importance of Tier 2 cities. We need more Tier 2 cities in all states.

ENVO PROJECTS---SCOPE OF WORKS

SYED ENVO PROTECT (I) Pvt. Ltd is the “Environmental Organization” which undertakes turnkey projects: -

1) To supply Treated Water in adequate quantity to the Building/Industry/Institution for consumption in various areas.

2) To provide effective WasteWater Treatment & Reuse Technologies to the building/Industry/Institution to reclaim precious water and reuse it.

3) To provide Sewage Treatment system & Reuse Technologies to the building/Industry/Institution to dispose off sewage properly and reclaim precious water and reuse it.


Sl. No. AREA OF WORK PRODUCT
1 HOUSING SOCIETY ,RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS, COLONIES,SHOPPING MALLS,HOSPITAL &DISPENSERY,EXIBHITION CENTRES RECREATION SPOTS EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT(ETP), SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT(STP), RAIN WATER HARVESTING (RWH), SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT(SWM), INCINARATOR--BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT(BMWM), WATER HARDNESS, IRON, FLUORIDE REMOVAL UNITS.ANNUAL MAINTENANCE CONTRACT (AMC) OF ETP-STP.

2 INDUSTRIES EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT(ETP), SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT(STP), NOISE CONTROL SYSTEM (DG SET), ANNUAL MAINTENANCE CONTRACT (AMC) OF ETP-STP.

3 SCHOOLS , BANKS, GOVT. OFFICES SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT(STP), RAINWATER HERVASTING(RWH), WATER HARDNESS, IRON, FLUORIDE REMOVAL UNITS, BORE WELL FILTRETION SYSTEMS, ANNUAL MAINTENANCE CONTRACT (AMC) OF ETP-STP.


4 INDIVIDUAL HOME EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT(ETP), NOISE CONTROL SYSTEM (DG SET), RAINWATER HERVASTING(RWH), ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDIES, VALUE ADDITION-WATER RE-USE TECHNOLOGIES, ANNUAL MAINTENANCE CONTRACT (AMC) OF ETP-STP.

5 HOTELS & RESTAURANT


EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT(ETP), SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT(STP), NOISE CONTROL SYSTEM (DG SET), RAINWATER HERVASTING(RWH), ANNUAL MAINTENANCE CONTRACT (AMC) OF ETP-STP.

BOOKS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Sr No Title Author Publisher

1 Sewage Treatment In Hot Climates Duncan Mara Wiley-Interscience
2 Oxidation Ditches In Waste water Treatment M.G. Mandt & B.A. Bell Ann Arbor Science
3 Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering G.S.Birdie Dhanpat Rai & Sons
4 Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering Garg
5 Chemistry For Sanitary Engineers Sawyer Mc Graw -Hill
6 Waste Water Engineering:Treatment Disposal Reuse Metcalf & Eddy TATA McGraw-Hill
7 Liquid Waste Of Industry Nelson L. Nemerow Addison-Wesley Publishing Co
8 Guide For Industrial Noise Control P.N.Cheremisinoff & Elerbusch Ann Arbor Science
9 Journal Of Indian Water Works Association Mumbai
10 Microbiology for sanitary Engineers Ross E. McKinney McGraw-Hill Book Co
11 Industrial Pollution Control Handbook Herbert F. Lund McGraw-Hill Book Co
12 Air Pollution Handbook MaGill,Holden & Ackley McGraw-Hill Book Co

5 simple steps to reach your goal

Goals, who needs them?

Well, research indicates that less than 3 per cent of us regularly set written goals. However, those who do invest time in this exercise are overachievers who seem to succeed effortlessly. To them, non-goal-setters appear like dead leaves in the wind, their trails mostly decided not by them but the direction in which the wind blows fastest.

A written set of goals, organised and structured, can help keep us focused in the same way a map helps us find our destination in an unknown city. Corporations spend millions on planning and goal setting. Even at work, employees are often judged by their ability to achieve goals that have been set for them. And yet, in our personal lives, we rarely use the power of setting goals.

Davinder Sachdeva, General Manager (Sales) at one of the five largest software companies in the world, tells us how he does it. "Writing down a goal means it is important to me. Unless I write it down, it is a vague idea floating in my head. When I write it down, I can fit it into my schedule and make it real."

Here's a simple five-step process of setting goals that you can actually achieve, rather than just wish for.

Step 1: Define your goal

This seems simple, but surprisingly isn't. Most people do not clearly know what they want. Defining a goal helps you articulate what you want -- not only to others, but also to yourself. Imagine leaving your home every morning with a vague idea of where you are headed. What are the chances you will get anywhere worthwhile?

So, how do we define specifically what we want? Take a rough sheet of paper and pick an area of your life (career, education, health, relationships, spirituality, personal growth, etc) where you would like to set a goal. Write down around 20 things that you want to see happen. Don't think or analyse too much. Let your thoughts flow.

Now prioritise this list -- rank these 20 in the order of their importance to you. What you are doing is gaining clarity into what is most important. You will find yourself a lot clearer in your head.

Step 2: How will you know you have achieved this goal?

As an example, let's work on your top three goals. Most often, if we don't have good validation criteria after having set a goal, we will never know if we actually succeed in achieving it. So, ask yourself this significant question: How will I know I have achieved this goal?

This might be straightforward for some goals. If one was 'to get a promotion', or 'get admission into XYZ institute', the for that is straightforward. But, if your goal is 'to become a better manager', that's a little vague. You might want to set the validation criteria as:

1. The attrition rate in my team will drop.
2. Rewards earned by team members will grow.
3. Meetings will be shorter.
4. I will give and take regular feedback from my team.

If these things happen, you will know you have become a better manager. Now, look at your goal and try making your validation criteria as specific as possible. Notice that all four points mentioned above can be measured tangibly.

Step 3: How to go about doing it

Take a good look at your goal and validation criterion. What do you need to do to make these results happen? This is the time to break down your goal into actions and sub-actions. Come up with a list by asking yourself this question.

Step 4: Set a time frame

Setting a time frame for your goal breathes life into it and also allows you to build it into your schedule. It also helps you create a sense of urgency about your goal. If you are having trouble doing this, refine your goals and make them more specific. The more specific your goals are, the easier it will be to set a time frame around it.

Step 5: Take Nike's advice

Just do it.

Unfortunately, this is what proves to be the most difficult step for most. Inertia, procrastination and laziness hold us back from doing what we know we should be doing. Here's some simple advice on how to get things done:

1. Read your goals, your validation criterion and action steps every single day, more than once if possible.
2. Use a planner and fill in your list of actions. If you see what needs to be done in your planner, you are more likely to do it.
3. Use a reminder service. You can use an online calendar or reminder service to send you a reminder email every day.

The trick is to keep your goals and action list on top of your mind somehow, and keep taking action. If you do not do this, chances are they will meet the same fate as your New Year resolutions.

Finally, if this sounds like too much work, try to spice it up by making it fun. Introduce elements of things you like. For example, I usually do boring things like making monthly budgets and taxes while sitting at my favourite coffee shop. By combining these two activities, I am able to transfer the 'fun' element from one to the other.

Most often, we need to tweak our mindset just a little bit to create huge results in our lives.

-- The author is a corporate trainer.

Do you regularly set goals for yourself? How do you achieve them

Seven techniques to help you relax

http://www.rediff.com/getahead/2006/sep/26relax.htm
Today's fast-paced lifestyles force us to push our minds and bodies to the limit, usually at the expense of our physical and mental well-being. When we become stressed, our bodies switch to a mode called the 'fight or flight response', which is characterized by increased heart rate, blood pressure, higher breathing rate, etc. Over time, these reactions increase cholesterol levels, disturb intestinal activities, depress the immune system, and leave us feeling 'stressed out.'

"Relaxation techniques are great tools for dealing with stress and promoting long-term health by slowing down the body and calming the mind," says Ashish Verma, Hyderabad-based relaxation and wellness training consultant. "Used daily, these techniques can lead to a healthier outlook towards stressful situations and a decline in stress-related disorders such as anxiety, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, insomnia, etc."

Here are some techniques you might want to consider:

1. Deep breathing

A simple but effective method of relaxation. "It works well in conjunction with other relaxation techniques such as Progressive Muscular Relaxation, imagery and meditation for reducing stress," says Ravi Tripathi, a yoga teacher based at Kanpur. Here's how to do it:

. Inhale. Close your mouth, loosen your shoulders, and inhale as slowly and deeply as you can.
. Hold. Keep the air in your lungs as you slowly count to 6.
. Exhale. Release the air through your mouth, again slowly counting to 6.
. Repeat. Go over the inhale-hold-exhale cycle 5-10 times.

2. Progressive Muscular Relaxation (PMR)

This is good for relaxing your body, especially when your muscles are tense. It requires slowly tensing and then releasing every muscle group individually, from the toes all the way up to the face. "It is useful for calming nerves before an important presentation or performance, and for quieting down when you are highly stressed," says Ashish Verma.

3. Meditation

"The concept behind meditation is to consciously relax your body and focus your thought processes on one particular thing for a prolonged period. Your mind thus remains occupied and diverted from issues causing you stress," says Tripathi. Follow these steps:

� Sit comfortable and quietly.
� Close your eyes.
� Relax your body muscles (you can use a technique like Progressive Muscular Relaxation for this).
� Focus on your breathing.
� Breathe in deeply, then exhale. Count your breaths (gives you something to do with your mind, helping avoid distraction).
� Repeat this for 10 or 15 minutes.

4. Self-hypnosis

"This is when you hypnotise yourself. Affirmations are often used -- positive statements we repeat to ourselves to counter stress and unpleasant thoughts. An example of an affirmation is 'I feel vibrant and alive. I love how I feel'," says Verma. Sit down at a quiet, comfortable place. Relax your body. Imagine waves of relaxation running down your body from your head downwards, washing away stress. Feel the muscles in your body relaxing as waves of relaxation wash over them.

Next, utilise suggestion to deepen the state of relaxation. You can do this by simply saying to yourself: 'I am tired and sleepy. I can feel my arms and legs getting heavier. I am becoming more and more tired�' Once you feel completely relaxed, add the affirmations you have prepared too.

5. Yoga

If you have tried it, you already know that it can help you achieve your goals with more focus and renewed spirit. "Yogic breathing reduces blood pressure and brings intense relaxation. Furthermore, it gives you improved appearance via better posture, muscle and skin-tone, if practiced regularly. Bones and muscles are strengthened and joints become more flexible. It is also amazing to see how much more positive a person's outlook on life becomes within just a few months of practice," says Tripathi.

6. Imagery

You may have noticed how particular environments can be very relaxing, while others can be extremely stressful. This is the idea behind the use of imagery in stress reduction. "You use your imagination to recreate a scene, place or event that you recall as being relaxing, safe, peaceful, beautiful and happy. You can bring all your senses into the image by, for instance, imagining sounds of running water and birds, the smell of cut grass, etc. Use the imagined place as a peaceful retreat from stress and pressure," says Verma.

7. Music or suggestion CDs

Another approach is listening to calming music or relaxation tapes. Soothing music has a lot of power to influence your thoughts and feelings. "It takes no effort from your side to listen to these. Moreover, they can be very welcome at the end of a long day," says Verma. Examples of such audio CD titles are Yoga Nidra - Complete Relaxation by Yogacharya Arunkumar (approximately Rs 150) and Ragas for Relaxation (a collection of Indian classical music by various artists for approximately Rs 295).

With continued practice in the techniques enumerated above, you may experience renewed energy, better concentration, better ability to deal with problems, more efficiency in daily activities, less indigestion, headaches, nausea, and less frequent emotional responses like anger, anxiety, crying, anxiety, apprehension and frustration.

Sounds good, doesn't it? What are you waiting for?

Have you tried any of these techniques befor

---richa pant

REDUCING HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE---ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE

High Blood Pressure


By David Werner. Adapted for India by: The Voluntary Health Association of India by Dr. C. Sathyamala. Revised and updated by Padam Khanna with Dr. Stella, M.P. Mansukhani and Dr. Salai Pa Cin; Illustration by Shinod AP




Crush and take one teaspoon of the juice of yellow drumstick leaves after food once a day.
Mix one teaspoon ginger juice, one teaspoon honey and one teaspoon powdered cumin seeds. Take this once a day.
Curds, raw onion, garlic and turmeric powder to be used regularly in the food also helps in reducing high blood pressure.
Avoid excessive salt and animal fat.

9 essentials of entrepreneurship

So what is entrepreneurship all about?

It is all about hard work and applying your mind properly.
It needs complete dedication to your ideas and putting your best efforts into them.
It is going to bed thinking about the idea and waking up in the morning thinking about it.
It is a field where you need constant attention at every detail.
It is about driving yourself: If you are a professional, your boss will remind you that you are not working, if you an entrepreneur you have to remind yourself.
It is about convincing others about your ideas too: You have to get the full support of your family and friends to succeed.
It is about networking: Being an entrepreneur also means that you have to be constantly in touch with clients, customer and business partners at close quarters.
It is about leadership: You should know how to be a leader and add value to the leadership with your ideas.
It is about confidence: You have to live with the conviction that even if things don't work out in the initial stages, later on everything will be in place and you will emerge a winner.

DESIGNING AN WATER TREATMENT PLANT--BASIC PARAMETERS

FIRST STEP:
to design anything you first need to know the amount of water to be treated and the time period within which you will have to treat that amount of water.
SECOND STEP:
have water test report and look out for the parameters that are exceeding.Those parameters are to be controlled.Yes you have to cetainly look for NA salts.
THIRD STEP:
Now make the flow chart and select the equipments according to the parameters. Like, use softener for removing hardness.
FOURTH STEP:
Estimating and costing
Parameter Value
pH 7.32
Turbidity --
Total Solid --
Alkalinity --
Hardness 70 mg/litre
Colour --
Fe(Iron) 0.15
Total Solids 186 mg/Litre
Total Suspended solids 8.0
Silicon Dioxide 72.7

ALL ABOUT DESIGN OF BIO GAS PLANT

http://www.nabard.org/roles/ms/ae/biogas.htm

all about design of bio gas plant, gas holder, gas dome

infomedia yellowpages for MARKETING

http://yellowpages.co.in/

kyonki... KAL HO NAHO

i was a very sincere and honest child, people and my class mates used to call me mahatma gandhi.i always excelled in whatever i do.my struggle period began after i passed my tenth class in first division. i studies gone downhill in my class twelfth.

the only thing i regret is not having enjoyed college time and my youth. when my friends used to take their girlfriends out on long drives.i used to search for work.in the work people used to show attitude and i used to feel --i am a school topper and these semi literate people are treating me so badely. so there were ego hassels also.. i am sleepwalikng through my life. i am waitinmg for my death. that is a reality and the sooner we accept it, the better it is.that is why i work like a maniac..i dont know what will happen tommorow and i want to make the most of the time i have,i know tomorrow will never come.LIFE IS TODAY. at times i wonder why people are afraid of dying.actually i feel that only after dying one gets to know their reality as they can see everything--how they lived,how they behaved with other people and how they worked.One can only judge oneself after living a whole lifetime

THES ARE THE WORDS OF SONU NIGAM....Surprisingly they resembles my own thoughts and struggle process.

HEART OF THE MATTER--SAVE HEART MISSION

1.Touch and be touched:
studies have shown that people who are touched lovingly every day had significantly lower heart problems.

2.eat SEAWEED:
they have been shown to stabilise blood pressure, regualte levels of triglycerides,phospholipids,cholesterols.they dissolve any fatty buildup in the blood vessels, restore cardiac efficiency and prolong the life of the heart muscle.

3.eat GARLIC:
studies confirm garlics ability to lower blood pressure,reduce phospholipids,cholesterol, strengthen heart action,increase immune response,reduce platelet clumping and clotting (thus reducing strokes) and stabilise bloodc suger levels.Eat GARLIC raw or lightly cooked, several cloves a day.

4.Go for a WALK:
move. go for a walk. do it. regular exercise is key.

UASB DESIGN PARAMETERS

UASB Design
In general, there are two ways to design an UASB reactor
If input COD: 5,000 - 15,000 mg/l or more, the design method should be used based on Organic Loading rate, (OLR) If input COD < 5000 mg/l, the design method should be calculated based on velocity.


Some H2S gas can pass the GSL separator and accumulate above the water level in the top of the reactor. This will be oxidized to sulphate by oxygen in the air to form Sulphuric Acid that will in turn cause corrosion of both concrete and steel. Below the water level: Calcium Oxide, (CaO), in concrete can be dissolve with by Carbon Dioxide, (CO2), in the liquid in low pH conditions. To avoid these problems, the material used to construct the UASB reactor should be corrosion resistant, such as stainless steel or plastics, or be provided with proper surface coatings, (e.g. coated concrete rather than coated steel, plastic covered with impregnated hardwood for the settler, plastic fortified plywood, etc).
Operation
Operation criteria: The optimum pH range is from 6.6 to 7.6 The wastewater temperatures should not be < p =" 350"> 20oC) and sometimes the start-up can take up to 3 – 4 months. In start-up process, hydraulic loading must be Ј 50% of the design hydraulic loading.
The start-up of the UASB reactor can be considered to be complete once a satisfactory performance of the system has been reached at its design load.

VIDEO

yahoo password

http://www.digg.com/programming/Hack_Yahoo_Passwords_

phising sites

www.carderplanet.com
www.shadowcrew.com

PRO-E 3D SOFTWARE

Pro/ENGINEERPro/ENGINEER software provides an easy-to-use, complete 3D program that details the form, fit and function of products, so you can exceed your product quality and profitability objectives.-->
Overview Support Programs
Winning CAD Solutions for Projects Large and Small
Regardless of your project's size, product development needs are universal. Simply put, you need an easy-to-use, powerful, and affordable solution that will help you, and your team, create a superior product.
With industry leading productivity tools such as promoting best practices in modeling techniques and ensuring compliance with your industry and company standards, Pro/ENGINEER is the gold standard in 3D CAD design. Integrated Pro/ENGINEER CAD/CAM/CAE solutions allow you to design faster than ever, while maximizing innovation and quality to ultimately create industry-winning products. And, because the applications are fully integrated, you can develop everything from concept to manufacturing within one application, with the confidence of knowing every design change will automatically be propagated to all downstream deliverables.
Capabilities & Benefits:
Complete 3D modeling capabilities enable you to exceed your product quality and time-to-market goals
Maximum production efficiency through automated generation of associative tooling design, assembly instructions, and machine code
Ability to simulate and analyze virtual prototypes to improve product performance and optimize product design
Ability to share digital product data seamlessly among all appropriate team members
Compatibility with myriad CAD tools — including associative data exchange — and industry standard data formats
Pro/ENGINEER Flex3C Pro/ENGINEER FlexAdvantage Pro/ENGINEER Foundation AdvantagePro/ENGINEER Products:
CADPro/ENGINEER CAD software is the most robust and versatile parametric solid modeling solution for Computer Aided Design. Software products include product styling and surfacing, electrical system design products, as well as mechanical system design.
CAMPro/ENGINEER offers Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software solutions that increase productivity through specialized, automated applications that reduce the time it takes from bringing a digital product to production.
Data ManagementEnable engineers to focus on creating innovative designs and making CAD data management a background process.
CAEWith the Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) capabilities in Pro/ENGINEER, test and optimize products for structural, thermal, and dynamic performance throughout design and product development using simple yet powerful simulation tools.
Data ExchangePTC's Pro/ENGINEER CAD data exchange products fosters multi-CAD fluency, making the task of working in today’s multi-CAD reality far more productive.
CustomizationWith a library of over 3,000 C/C++ routines, companies are able to create highly-specific user interfaces and custom applications, and even schedule tasks within Pro/ENGINEER.
CollaborationWith a range of collaboration software tools – from simple email-based design sharing, to a complete solution that couples real-time design conferencing and project management – Pro/ENGINEER helps the team succeed.
Schools EditionsThe number one 3D design education program for middle and high schools
Featured Links
Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 3.0 Resource Center
What’s New
All Products
Pro/ENGINEER
CAD
CAM
CAE
Data Management
Data Exchange
Customization
Collaboration
Schools Editions
Windchill
Pro/DESKTOP
CADDS 5i
DIMENSION III
GRANITE Interoperability Kernel
Harmony
InterComm
PTC PLM On Demand
Arbortext
E-mail this page Print version -->
ContactContact PTCHow to Buy
More InformationBrochureCustomer SuccessesTopic SheetWhite PaperPress ReleasesEvent Series
Special Offers -->
Products Solutions Services & Training Customer Resources Partners About PTC SupportContact Us Search & Site Guide Legal Policies & Guidelines Copyright © 2006 Parametric Technology Corporation

SOFTWARE FOR 3 D DRAWINGS

SOFTWARE FOR 3 D DRAWING
1. SOLID EDGE
2.PRO-E
Solid Edge is a 3D parametric feature based Computer-aided design (CAD) software system. It provides solid modeling, assembly modelling and drafting functionality for engineers.
Through 3rd party applications it has links to many other PLM technologies. SolidEdge also comes with ‘’’Insight’’’ , built in PDM and CPD functionality based on Microsoft technologies.
Released in 1996, it was initially developed by Intergraph as one of the first Windows NT based CAD packages, it is now owned and developed by UGS Corp. Its geometric modeling kernel was originally ACIS, but was changed to Parasolid.
===========================

data required for designing Rain Water Harvesting system

http://www.cgwb.gov.in/documents/RWH_GUIDE.pdf

manual on rain water harvesting Central ground water board

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

web site for rain water harvesting

http://www.ccsindia.org/ccsindia/policy/enviro/studies/wp0076.pdf

The following data is required to design a system and evaluate cost of construction

SELECTING DIGITAL CAMERA

SONY-DSC W5 for Rs.10,990/= with zero percent finance having EMI Rs.458/= monthly

 

Check out:

1. Match megapixel .It should be 5 mega pixels or above.

2.Select atleast 3X optical zoom:

3.Go for a 2.5 inch LCD display

4.Carl Zeiss lens are the best.

5.Battery life:Find out how many shots your battery is going to last.SONY DSC-W5 delivers 450 shots

6.Must have MPEG movie VX

 

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDIES

A . Scope of work :
EIA / EMP report is based on the --------
Study will be conducted within 10 km radius around the proposed site .
Field data collection of different aspects of environment including Air, Water, Land, Flora & fauna , Agriculture & Socio-economic aspects .
Atleast five monitoring station will be choosen for ambient air quality ( SPM , SO, NO ), Noise monitoring , micro- meteorological information ( Temp, humidity, rainfall, wind speed , wind direction and wind rose diagram ) , surface & ground water characteristics , soil quality etc .
DATA GENERATION
Meteorological information like wind direction,wind velocity,temperature,humidity etc will be collected from nearest IMD station .
Existing vegetation scenario viz. flora & fauna found in the study area.
Socio- economic status and land use pattern of the study area.
Ambient air quality monitoring report
Noise monitoring report
Ground water quality report
Surface water quality report
Soil quality report
Contour mapping of the site
Topography of the site from Surveyor of India
Any prominent feature near the area like lake,bird sanctuary,highway etc
Layout details of the industry
Assessment of gaseous , liquid and solids discharge from the proposed industry.
Assessment of likely impact of above discharge on the various components of the environment.
Pollution control measures to be adopted by the proposed industry .
Complete environmmental plan will be adopted before & after establishment for the industry.
B.Presentation of report in concerned Deptt :
Ministry of Environment & forest ,New Delhi
State pollution control board .
C. Project duration :
1. For base line data collection ----- 3 months
2. Report compilation --------------- 1 month
D. The commercial offer :
The charge of rapid EIA/EMP alongwith the data collection and compilation of report will beRs . 3,75,000/=( Rupees three lacs seventy five thousand only ) .
E . Payment terms :
40 % advance alongwith work order
20 % after collection of base line data ( First progress report )
20 % at the time of draft report submitting
15 % at the time of final report submitting
5 % after approval of the report
NOTE : All payments will be released through demand draft and payable at Delhi .
For ENVO PROJECTS

(SALEEM ASRAF SYED IMDAADULLAH)
Director

laptop from sahara at 899/- installment

www.saharacomputers.co.in

sahara NB5610-L1

mobile LOST, FIND IT USING SOFTWARE

the lost mobile tracking solution (LMTS)

 

mosquito menace, drive thenm away by using sound

For Computers

1. anti mosquito software 1.0 by BKT co

2.Thai Anti Mosquito Software

 

For Mobiles:

www.my-symbian.com

www.joi.ito.com

 

architects online

http://www.architectsonline.it/architects_directory.htm

a POEM

 

----- Original Message -----

From: JEBEEN@aol.com

To: JEBEEN@aol.com

Sent: Saturday, March 04, 2006 11:32 AM

Subject: 3/4/06 A poem

I got the below Poem from someone I really do not know.  Tried to find the name of the young poet; but could not.  But just felt like sharing:

Jebeen
========
This poem was nominated for the best poem of 2005, written by an African kid...amazing thought! 

When I born, I Black,
When I grow up, I Black,
When I go in Sun, I Black,
When I scared, I Black,When I sick,
I Black,And when I die, I still black..
And you White fella,
When you born, you Pink,
When you grow up, you White,
When you go in Sun, you Red,
When you cold, you Blue,
When you scared, you Yellow,
When you sick, you Green,
And when you die, you Gray...
And you calling me Colored?

a POEM

 

----- Original Message -----

From: JEBEEN@aol.com

To: JEBEEN@aol.com

Sent: Saturday, March 04, 2006 11:32 AM

Subject: 3/4/06 A poem

I got the below Poem from someone I really do not know.  Tried to find the name of the young poet; but could not.  But just felt like sharing:

Jebeen
========
This poem was nominated for the best poem of 2005, written by an African kid...amazing thought! 

When I born, I Black,
When I grow up, I Black,
When I go in Sun, I Black,
When I scared, I Black,When I sick,
I Black,And when I die, I still black..
And you White fella,
When you born, you Pink,
When you grow up, you White,
When you go in Sun, you Red,
When you cold, you Blue,
When you scared, you Yellow,
When you sick, you Green,
And when you die, you Gray...
And you calling me Colored?

Cell phone hazard

 

Never, ever answer a cell phone while it is being CHARGED!!
A few days ago, a person was recharging his cell
phone at home.
Just at that time a call came and he answered it
with the instrument still connected to the outlet.
After a few seconds electricity flowed into the cell
phone unrestrained and the young man was
thrown to the ground with a heavy thud.
His parents rushed to the room only to find him
unconscious, with a weak heartbeat and burnt
fingers.
He was rushed to the nearby hospital, but was
pronounced dead on
arrival.
Never use the cell phone while it is hooked to the
electrical outlet!
FORWARD THIS TO THE PEOPLE THAT MATTER IN YOUR LIFE,
I JUST DID!

alimor biyar karonay zugar

LIST OF WORK :( TO BE DONE BY TOUFIQUE OKOLAY OKOLAY,HEE HEE HEE ;-))

 

1.Guest list---- it may be with jan

2. Invitation letter---- to prepare the format

3.marriage hall----- Booked

4. cook---- to engage

5. Items to be provided for guests--- to be decided.(Keep puri bhaji if possible).What about ice cream?moi ice cream bhaal pao.

6.Cooking material list--to be finalised by the cook.Ek tin tel  belege besikoi kinibi, cook tuwe sur kariboloi.

7.BUS and ekhon haru gadi for dora koina---to be booked.

8.Panir tanki---ghorot pani thoboloi lagibo neki?

9.Mithai for reception---order to be given

10.cake----sheikh bros ,ghy---order to be given

11.dora adora present----- to be purchased

12.tamuli kun hobo?

13. dorar dress ?

14. manuh mota--moi hunaaat guwahatit 200 ghor manuh asay.

 

 ekhon bhaal kitab likhibo pari dekhun---biya kenekoi patibo pari?

----saleem

 

GREAT LEADRES DO SIMPLE THINGS BRILLIANTLY

Great leaders do not do big things, they do simple things brillianltly

reply= Queries regarding careers

> Sir,
> Thanks for your letter. I will be happy if we can work together.
> As mentioned in the blog, We are in the process of finalising our branch
> offices in various parts of India. Please let us know what you can do for
> our company. WE believe in working together for mutual benifits.Team work
> always succeeds.We dont offer jobs or pay salaries. We give oppurtunities
to
> qualified persons like you who is keen to suceed in life. We provide all
the
> back up from Delhi.You can be very sure of our full support.If you want
you
> can come to Delhi and meet us in person.
> NOW, its all upto you.
> Thanks again for your letter.
> ---Saleem
> 9899300371

===============================

> Sent: Wednesday, February 22, 2006 7:00 PM
> Subject: Queries regarding careers
>
>
> > Dear Sir,
> > This is in reference to Blogger website I visited today.
> > I am having M.Sc. in Forestry & Environmental Sciences and four and half
> > years of experience in research.
> > Herewith I am attaching my CV for your kind consideration for the
> > position and advice.
> >
> > With kind regards,
> >
> > Himanshu Mishra
> >
>

work methods

dear sir,

 

sorry for the late reply. I was out of office for a few days. we already expanded our work to Uttar Pradesh and ASSAM. I had to go to lucknow, Aligarh and Guwahati for finalising some new projects. Our Regional Head At UP is Mr. Goswami --Phone no: 09415104692 and at Assam is Mr.S . Ahmad ,Phone No: 09435109929. Now let me please tell you what they are doing .
1. They generate enquiries. Enquiries are normally generated from officials of Regional Pollution Control Board,Water Supply Departments, Ground WAter Aurthority, Municipalties,Directorate of Health,Public Health Engineering Department, Architects, Builder Groups etc. Their primary task is to liasion with these sources of work and generate enquiries.
2. Generally the enquiry is a Industry,hotel, hospital, Nursing home,School,Vehicle servicing centre & petrol pumps, group housing societies,banquet halls etc where Sewage treatment plant,Effluent Treatment Plant,Drinking Water TReatment Plant is required.
3.They visit the client and gather information from the site like a)Water test report of the sewage,effluent,potable water b)Location plan of the proposed treatment plant site,c)Production process details showing sources of waste generation,d)Quantity of waste generation  per day and e)Working hours during which the total quantum of waste is generated.
3. They send the above details to us through email , FAX .
4.We prepare a quotation and send it to them .
5.They submit the quotation to the client.
6.They negotiate the quotation with the party and finalise the deal.
7.They take an advance amount alongwith the work order.
8.WE send them the drawings of civil work like layout plan, Level flow diagram, sectional drawings etc.
9.We dont do civil work.Either they or the client himself do the civil work.Hence they finalisea civil contractor and inform us accordingly.
10.NOW, We plan a first visit to the site along with them and fix the layout at site.Necessary onsite modifications to the layout is made and a final layout is prepared by us.
11.They followup the work and time to time take payments from the client as decided.
12.They also liasion with the local authorities for all necessary permissions like No Objection Certificate (NOC) etc.
13.We supply all mechanical items from Delhi.Also we Install them at site.We send our staff from Delhi to Erect and commission the plant.After first run the plant is handed over to the client and a completion certificate is obtained.

 

This is in short the method of working.

 

So, your work will also be the same---that of generating enquiries from the sources I mentioned ,Liasioning with the concerned departments,Gathering data for design of the STP/ETP,Civil Work(If you wish to do),

 

Please let me know what you can do.And how you plan to generate enquiries

 

Thanking you.

 

Saleem Asraf
9899300371

http://saleemindia.blogspot.com

Re: Great Poem- must read

 

http://saleemindia.blogspot.com

----- Original Message -----

From: Shakil A

To: undisclosed-recipients:

Sent: Monday, February 13, 2006 10:00 AM

Subject: Great Poem- must read

Death Bed

It was early in the morning at four,
When death knocked upon a bedroom door,

Who is there? The sleeping one cried.
I'm Malakul Mawt, let me inside.

At once, the man began to shiver,
As one sweating in deadly fever,

He shouted to his sleeping wife,
Don't let him take away my life.

Please go away, O Angel of Death!
Leave me alone; I'm not ready yet.

My family on me depends,
Give me a chance, O please prepense!

The angel knocked again and again,
Friend! I'll take your life without a pain,

This your soul Allah requires,
I come not with my own desire.

Bewildered, the man began to cry,
O Angel I'm so afraid to die,

I'll give you gold and be your slave,
Don't send me to the unlit grave.

Let me in, O Friend! The Angel said,
Open the door; get up from your bed,

If you do not allow me in,
I will walk through it, like a Jinn.

The man held a gun in his right hand,
Ready to defy the Angel's stand.

I'll point my gun, towards your head,
You dare come in; I'll shoot you dead.

By now the Angel was in the room,
Saying, O Friend! Prepare for you doom.

Foolish man, Angels never die,
Put down your gun and do not sigh.

Why are you afraid! Tell me O man,
To die according to Allah's plan?

Come smile at me, do not be grim,
Be Happy to return to Him.

O Angel! I bow my head in shame,
I had no time to take Allah's Name.

From morning till dusk, I made my wealth,
Not even caring for my health.

Allah's command I never obeyed,
Nor five times a day I ever prayed.

A Ramadan came and a Ramadan went,
But no time had I to repent.
 

 The Hajj was already FARD on me,
But I would not part with my money.

All charities I did ignore,
Taking usury more and more.

O Angel! I appeal to you,
Spare my life for a year or two.

The Laws of Quran I will obey,
I'll begin SALAT this very day.

My Fast and Hajj, I will complete,
And keep away from self-conceit.

I will refrain from usury,
And give all my wealth to charity,

We Angels do what Allah demands,
We cannot go against His commands.

Death is ordained for everyone,
Father, mother, daughter or son.

I'm afraid this moment is your last,
Now be reminded, of your past,

I do understand your fears,
But it is now too late for tears.

You lived in this world, two score and more,
Never did you, your people adore.

Your parents, you did not obey,
Hungry beggars, you turned away.

Instead of making more Muslims,
You made your children non-Muslims.

You ignored the Mua'dhin Adhaan,
Nor did you read the Holy Quran.

Breaking promises all your life,
Backbiting friends, and causing strife.

From hoarded goods, great profits you made,
And your poor workers, you underpaid.

Horses and cards were your leisure,
Moneymaking was your pleasure.

You ate vitamins and grew more fat,
With the very sick, you never sat.

A pint of blood you never gave,
Which could a little baby save?

O Human, you have done enough wrong,
You bought good properties for a song.

When the farmers appealed to you,
You did not have mercy, tis true.

Paradise for you? I cannot tell,
Undoubtedly you will dwell in hell.

There is no time for you to repent,
I'll take your soul for which I am sent.

The ending however, is very sad,
Eventually the man became mad

With a cry, he jumped out of bed,
And suddenly, he fell down dead.

O Reader! Take moral from here,
You never know, your end may be near

Change your living and make amends
For heaven, on your deeds depends.

If this poem inspires you,
It can help someone too.

Regards,

how to become rich

Summary of the Science of Getting Rich

THERE is a thinking stuff from which all things are made, and which, in its original state, permeates, penetrates, and fills the interspaces of the universe.

A thought in this substance produces the thing that is imaged by the thought.

Man can form things in his thought, and by impressing his thought upon formless substance can cause the thing he thinks about to be created.

In order to do this, man must pass from the competitive to the creative mind; otherwise he cannot be in harmony with the Formless Intelligence, which is always creative and never competitive in spirit.

Man may come into full harmony with the Formless Substance by entertaining a lively and sincere gratitude for the blessings it bestows upon him. Gratitude unifies the mind of man with the intelligence of Substance, so that man's thoughts are received by the Formless. Man can remain upon the creative plane only by uniting himself with the Formless Intelligence through a deep and continuous feeling of gratitude.

Man must form a clear and definite mental image of the things he wishes to have, to do, or to become; and he must hold this mental image in his thoughts, while being deeply grateful to the Supreme that all his desires are granted to him. The man who wishes to get rich must spend his leisure hours in contemplating his Vision, and in earnest thanksgiving that the reality is being given to him. Too much stress cannot be laid on the importance of frequent contemplation of the mental image, coupled with unwavering faith and devout gratitude. This is the process by which the impression is given to the Formless, and the creative forces set in motion.

The creative energy works through the established channels of natural growth, and of the industrial and social order. All that is included in his mental image will surely be brought to the man who follows the instructions given above, and whose faith does not waver. What he wants will come to him through the ways of established trade and commerce.

In order to receive his own when it shall come to him, man must be active; and this activity can only consist in more than filling his present place. He must keep in mind the Purpose to get rich through the realization of his mental image. And he must do, every day, all that can be done that day, taking care to do each act in a successful manner. He must give to every man a use value in excess of the cash value he receives, so that each transaction makes for more life; and he must so hold the Advancing Thought that the impression of increase will be communicated to all with whom he comes in contact.

The men and women who practice the foregoing instructions will certainly get rich; and the riches they receive will be in exact proportion to the definiteness of their vision, the fixity of their purpose, the steadiness of their faith, and the depth of their gratitude.

http://saleemindia.blogspot.com

methane gas generation in bio gas plant

Methane Generation From Livestock Wastes

by R.W. Hansen ¹

Quick Facts... Anaerobic fermentation or digestion is the most promising process for converting organic materials to methane and other gases. A simple apparatus can be constructed to produce bio-gas. Bio-gas usually contains about 60 to 70 percent methane, 30 to 40 percent carbon dioxide, and other gases. The heat value of raw bio-gas is approximately half that of natural gas under typical Colorado conditions. Take precautions when processing and handling the gas. It is highly explosive and difficult to detect. Energy conservation, coupled with concern for the management of livestock wastes, has revived an interest in generating methane from livestock manures. Converting organic materials, such as animal wastes, to an easily used form of energy can be accomplished by several methods. The process with the greatest potential is anaerobic fermentation or digestion. The extraction of energy from wastes using anaerobic digestion to produce bio-gas is not new and the general technology is well known. Bio-gas, which is methane and other gases, has been known as swamp gas, sewer gas and fuel gas. Sewage treatment plants generate bio-gas from the sewage sludge as part of the sewage treatment processes. Many small units were used in Europe and India after World War II. Characteristics of Bio-Gas Bio-gas usually contains about 60 to 70 percent methane, 30 to 40 percent carbon dioxide, and other gases, including ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans and other noxious gases. It also is saturated with water vapor. The heat value of the raw gas at typical Colorado atmospheric pressures is about 400 to 600 British thermal units (Btu) per cubic foot. In comparison, natural gas has a heat value of 850 Btu per cubic foot and gasoline contains approximately 120,000 Btu per gallon. Partial removal of the impurities may be required. This is not necessarily difficult, but it does complicate the system. Basic Digester Process Methane is produced by bacteria. The bacteria are anaerobes and operate only in anaerobic environments (no free oxygen). Constant temperature, pH and fresh organic matter promote maximum methane production. Temperatures usually are maintained at approximately 95 degrees F. Other temperatures can be used if held constant. For each 20 degrees F decrease, gas production will be cut approximately one half or will take twice as long. A constant temperature is critical. Temperature variations of as little as 5 degrees F can inhibit the methane-formers enough to cause acid accumulation and possible digester failure. Anaerobic digestion is a two-part process and each part is performed by a specific group of organisms. The first part is the breakdown of complex organic matter (manure) into simple organic compounds by acid-forming bacteria. The second group of microorganisms, the methane-formers, break down the acids into methane and carbon dioxide. In a properly functioning digester, the two groups of bacteria must balance so that the methane-formers use just the acids produced by the acid-formers. A simple apparatus can produce bio-gas. The amount of the gas and the reliability desired have a great influence on the cost and complexity of the system. A simple batch-loaded digester requires an oxygen-free container, relatively constant temperature, a means of collecting gas, and some mixing. Because methane gas is explosive, appropriate safety precautions are needed. Tank size is controlled by the number, size and type of animals served, dilution water added, and detention time. The factor that can be most easily changed with regard to tank size is detention time. Ten days is the minimum, but a longer period can be used. The longer the detention time, the larger the tank must be. Longer detention times allow more complete decomposition of the wastes. Fifteen days is a frequently used detention time. Table 1 shows some recommended sizes, dilution ratios and loading rates for different types of animals. Little volume reduction occurs in an anaerobic digester. Waste fed into the digester will be more than 90 to 95 percent water. The only part that can be reduced is a portion of the solids (about 50 to 60 percent). The processed material will have less odor. Because it still contains most of the original nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and is still highly polluted, the waste cannot enter a stream after it leaves the digester. Lagoons are commonly used to hold the waste until it can be disposed of by either hauling or pumping onto agricultural land. Table 1: Loading rate guidelines for heated, mixed anaerobic digesters at 95 degrees F being fed fresh livestock manures.* Factor Swine (growing-finishing) Dairy Beef under 700 lbs Poultry layer Poultry broiler Dilution ratio manure (manure to water) 1:2.9 Undiluted 1:2.5 1:8.3 1:10.2 Estimated dilution water (gal water/1,000 lbs body wgt)** 15 0 11 47 79 Hydraulic detention time (days) 12.5 17.5 12.5 10 10 Loading rate (lbs volatile solids/cubic foot/day)** 0.14 0.37 0.37 0.13 0.1 Digester volume (cubic feet/1,000 lbs animal wgt)** 30 24 14 72 120 *(From R.J. Smith, The Anaerobic Digestion of Livestock Wastes and the Prospects for Methane Production, Midwest Livestock Waste Management Conference, ISU, Ames, Iowa, Nov. 27-29, 1973) **To convert to metrics use the following equivalents: 1 gal = 3.8 l; 1 lb = .45 kg; 1 cu ft = .03 cu m. The volume of effluent actually may be greater than the volume of manure prior to digestion. This increase is due to the dilution water added to liquefy the manure to the desired solid content for the digester. There is no increase in the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium in this material, although it may be in a more available form. A small portion of the nitrogen may be lost to the gas portion of the system, thus reducing the amount of nitrogen initially available. Gas Production Total bio-gas production varies depending on the organic material digested, the digester loading rate, and the environmental conditions in the digester. Under ideal conditions (95 degrees F temperature and proper pH), it is possible to produce about 45 cubic feet of gas at atmospheric pressure from one day's manure from a 1,000 pound cow. Not all of the bio-gas energy is available for use. Energy is required to heat and mix the digester, pump the effluent, and perhaps compress the gas. Table 2 summarizes the estimated gas production from various animal wastes. Table 2: Bio-gas production (60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide) from animal wastes per 1,000 pounds body weight. Animal Volatile solids (lb per animal per day) Probable volatile solids destruction (percent)1 Gas (cu ft per day) Btu (per day)2 Beef 5.9 45 30 18,000 Dairy 8.6 48 44 26,000 Poultry, layers 9.4 60 72 43,000 Poultry, broilers 12.0 60 92 55,000 Swine (growing-finishing) 4.8 50 29 17,400 1Percent destruction of volatile solids varies depending primarily on detention time and digester temperature. 2Calculated at 600 Btu/ft3* (heat content varies depending on quality of gas). For comparison, some other heating values are: gasoline, 124,000 Btu/gal; diesel fuel, 133,000 Btu/gal; natural gas, 850 to 1,000 Btu/ft3; propane, 92,000 Btu/gal. *To convert to metrics, use the following equivalents: 1 lb = .45 kg; 1 cu ft = .03 cu m; 1 gal = 3.8 1. Basic Elements Figure 1 shows the basic elements of a single-stage anaerobic digester. Submerged inflow and outflow lines are needed to prevent gas from escaping. Either a mechanical mixer can be used, or the liquid or gas can be recirculated for mixing. A heat exchanger and thermostat maintain the proper temperature. The heat exchanger can be either internal or external. Methane is drawn off the top of the digester. For gas utilization, a compressor and storage tank are used, along with the hardware to provide flame traps, regulators, pressure gauges, hydrogen sulfide scrubber, carbon dioxide removal and pressure relief valves. A common facility for gas storage is the floating cover that floats upward while maintaining essentially constant pressure. Methane or bio-gas cannot be converted to a liquid under normal temperatures as can LP gas (LP gas liquefies at 160 psi). Under constant temperature, volume reduction is inversely proportional to the pressure; that is, as the pressure doubles, the volume becomes half as large. The more the gas is compressed, the more energy it takes to compress it. Figure 1: Basic components of anaerobic digester. Liquefaction of methane requires pressures of nearly 5,000 psi and is not practical. If the gas is compressed to just 1,000 psi, it requires about 1,320 Btu of energy to put 6,350 Btu into a storage container. Because bio-gas cannot be liquefied, it is best suited for stationary uses, such as cooking, heating water and buildings, air conditioning, grain drying, or operating stationary engines. It is not feasible as a tractor fuel. One cubic foot of compressed bio-gas at 3,000 psi would run a 100-horsepower tractor approximately 7 1/2 minutes. Most tractor fuel tanks occupy about 8 cubic feet. A special high-pressure tank with 8 cubic feet of gas and 3,000 psi would run the tractor approximately one hour. A 3,000-psi tank bouncing around on a tractor would present a serious safety hazard. The tractor would run 6 minutes on 8 cubic feet of gas compressed to 300 psi, a more realistic pressure. A well-insulated, three-bedroom home takes about 900,000 Btu per day for heating during cold weather. Because 50 percent of the bio-gas goes back into maintaining the necessary temperature of the digester, it would take the manure from 50 cows to produce enough bio-gas each day for home heating. Bio-gas is produced on a relatively constant basis. Most applications are somewhat intermittent; therefore, storage is required. The amount of storage depends on the storage time and pressure. High demand applications, such as grain drying, normally are impractical due to the excessive storage capacity required. Hazards Methane in a concentration of 6 to 15 percent with air is an explosive mixture. Since it is lighter than air, it will collect in rooftops and other enclosed areas. It is relatively odorless and detection may be difficult. Extreme caution and special safety features are necessary in the digester design and storage tank, especially if the gas is compressed. Summary Concerns for energy conservation, environmental pollution, and the fact that agricultural organic wastes account for a major portion of our waste materials, has created renewed interest in the processing of these wastes for energy recovery. Of the several types of energy capturing processes available, anaerobic digestion appears to be the most feasible for the majority of agricultural operations. Anaerobic digestion can stabilize most agricultural wastes while producing bio-gas or methane gas. This concept has been extensively applied in Europe and India during energy shortages. Similar equipment has been used for gas production with domestic wastes. Primarily, disadvantages are the amount of management required due to the sensitivity of the digesters, the high initial investment required for equipment, and the fact that the wastes still must be disposed of after digestion. Research is in progress to make the process more practical for energy production. Bacteriologists are investigating new strains of bacteria and culturing techniques for producing methane. Engineers are investigating digester designs and operation to reduce construction and operational requirements and costs.

1 R.W. Hansen, former Colorado State University Cooperative Extension specialist and associate professor. 9/92. Reviewed 1/03 by L.R. Walker, Cooperative Extension specialist, chemical and bioresource engineering.

http://saleemindia.blogspot.com