Waste disposal is one of the major problems being faced by all nations across the globe. The daily per capita solid waste generated in India ranges from about 100 g in small towns to 500 g in large towns. It takes anywhere between three and seven days for the waste to be disposed from the time of its generation. Major portion of the collected waste is dumped in landfill sites. The recyclable content of waste ranges from about 13% to 20%. In a developing country like India, paper, plastic, glass, rubber, ferrous and non-ferrous metals – all the material that can be recycled are salvaged from this waste to produce low-cost products extensively used by the lower-income groups of the society. However, data collected from 44 Indian cities have revealed that about 70% of them do not have adequate capacity for collection and transportation of MSW (municipal solid waste) (Pachauri and Sridharan 1998). The uncollected waste that usually finds its way in sewers is eaten by the cattle, or left to rot in the open, or burnt on roadsides.
In the face of burgeoning urban populations and growing mounds of garbage, initiatives like converting garbage into energy could show the way for cities. A private company has begun converting the city's garbage into fuel pellets and now plans to establish a 10 MW power plant. According to TIFAC (Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council), Delhi, Mumbai, and Calcutta would be generating 5000 tonnes of garbage every day, in about a decade, and disposal would be difficult. The existing dumping years would create enormous pollution and health hazards. Municipal authorities would find it expensive to transport garbage and dispose it of scientifically, according to a TIFAC data sheet on 'Fuel pellets from municipal waste'. As part of a pilot project for integrated waste management, the Department of Science and Technology had established a prototype fuel pelletization plant at Deonar, Mumbai, in the early 1990s. The plant was designed to process Indian garbage. The garbage was first dried to bring down the high moisture levels. Sand, grit, and other incombustible matter were then mechanically separated before the garbage was compacted and converted into pellets. Fuel pellets have several distinct advantages over coal and wood, according to the TIFAC data sheet. It is cleaner, free from incombustibles, has lower ash and moisture contents, is of uniform size, cost-effective, and eco-friendly (The Hindu, 2 May 2000).
Table 1 Estimated quantity of waste generated in India
In addition to MSW, large quantity of waste, in both solid and liquid forms, is generated by the industrial sector like breweries, sugar mills, distilleries, food-processing industries, tanneries, and paper and pulp industries. Out of the total pollution contributed by industrial subsectors, 40% to 45% of the total pollutants can be traced to the processing of industrial chemicals and nearly 40% of the total organic pollution to the food products industry alone. Food products and agro-based industries together contribute 65% to 70% of the total industrial waste water in terms of organic load (Pachauri and Sridharan 1998a). Table 1 gives an estimate of waste generated in India by various sectors and industries.Source Bakthavatsalam (1999)
Waste Quantity Municipal solid waste 27.4 million tonnes/year Municipal liquid waste (121 class I and II cities) 12145 million litres/day Distillery (243 nos) 8057 kilo litres/day Pressmud 9 million tonnes/year Food and fruit processing waste 4.5 million tonnes/year Willow dust 30000 tonnes/year Dairy industry waste (COD level 2 kg/m3) 50–60 million litres/day Paper and pulp industry waste (300 mills) 1600 m3 waste water/day Tannery (2000 nos) 52500 m3 waste water/day
In addition, the daily per capita sewage generation is about 150 litres. The total sewage generated in India, about 5 billion litres/day in 1947, grew to 30 billion litres/day in 1997. However, the total treatment capacity available is only about 10% of this quantum generated. It is estimated that under the Ganga Action Plan, 46 000 Nm3 (normal cubic metre) of biogas can be produced daily from the sewage treatment plants in 21 Indian cities by treating about 339 million litres/day of municipal waste water. This, with appropriate biogas power plants, will generate total electrical energy of 99 450 kWh/day (Singh 1996).Table 2 Estimated renewable energy potential in India
The urban municipal waste (both solid and liquid) – industrial waste coming from dairies, distilleries, pressmud, tanneries, pulp and paper, and food processing industries, etc., agro waste and biomass in different forms – if treated properly, has a tremendous potential for energy generation as shown in Table 2.Source Bakthavatsalam (1999)
Energy source Estimated potential Bio energy 17000 MW Draught animal power 30000 MW Energy from MSW 1000 MW Biogas plants 12 million plants
Last year, the INSWAREB (Institute of Solid Waste Research and Ecological Balance) came up with the theory that rice husk, a cheap by-product of paddy milling, has the potential to galvanize the electricity-starved rural India. With a gross calorific value of 3000 kcal/kg, rice husk, capable of high-efficiency combustion, could serve as the fuel for mini power plants of 1 to 2 MW capacity that can be set up in rural areas. The RHA (rice husk ash), obtained as a by-product by burning it, can generate power in the process.
The cost of establishing and maintaining the mini power plant can be easily made good by exporting RHA, which can fetch $50 a tonne. INSWAREB has drawn an action plan for promoting RHA fully exploiting its export potential. It proposes to initiate a couple of mini power plants to popularize the theme. (The Hindu, 9 February 1999).
Similarly, at an inter-ministerial meeting involving the ministries of power, environment and forests, and urban affairs and employment, it was decided to encourage the use of fly ash bricks in all construction activities. The NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation) had thought of setting up two fly ash brick manufacturing plants at Badarpur and Dadri near Delhi; the theory being that fly ash, apart from being used as a substitute for bricks, could also be utilized for the embankment of roads.The enormous amount of ash generated in Indian thermal power stations poses a serious threat to the environment. In principle, this problem can be tackled by using fly ash in building construction. Increased awareness and use of fly ash bricks, which is stronger (100 kg/cm2 compared to 50–75 kg/cm2 of conventional bricks) and smoother on the sides (reducing plastering costs significantly), can provide an eco-friendly solution. Fly ash bricks are better than traditional bricks in the sense also that ash bricks do not use the top fertile soil of the earth, thus protecting the land from agricultural use. Located at the south-east corner of Delhi, the BTPS (Badarpur Thermal Power Station) meets more than 25% of the energy consumption of the capital. It also produces a staggering amount of ash every day (almost 5000 tonnes). The station has, however, been making concrete efforts in ash utilization as a responsible corporate citizen. It has given a major thrust in ash utilization through the manufacture of bricks from fly ash. At present, it has seven units given to private contractors, which manufacture around 16 000 bricks every day. The BTPS had installed a pilot-cum-demonstration plant at its ash dyke way back in 1993. The station adopted the FAL-G technology for the manufacture of ash bricks, which does not require firing or autoclaving. These bricks require natural drying and hence are totally energy-efficient and environment-friendly (The Financial Express, 4 April 1999).
It was also estimated that an energy-from-waste plant, which was to be set up in Scotland, would annually convert 120 000 tonnes of the city's municipal and commercial waste into electricity. It as also to deal with small amounts of non-hazardous clinical and liquid wastes. Besides generating adequate electricity for the plant's in-house needs of around 2.2 MW, it would sell 8.3 MW to the National Grid, electricity distribution network of UK. The facility incorporated two separate systems – fuel processing and combustion.To produce the fuel, incoming waste is fed into one of the two hammer mills, where it is shredded into coarse floc material. Each of the mills handles 30 tonnes of waste an hour, almost double the plant's throughput of 15.6 tonnes an hour. The over-capacity allows for unplanned downtime. Magnets remove ferrous materials before the floc is carried by conveyor to a fuel-storage building capable of holding enough for two days’ operation—about 800 tonnes of refuse-derived fuel (The Hindu, 21 October 1999).
Scientists have developed a technique to treat foul-smelling polluted distillery wastes, using energy from the sun and a chemical catalyst. Tests on a small laboratory-type reactor showed that the method can detoxify 100 litres of diluted distillery waste water in five days. Results of the project at the NARI (Nimbkar Agriculture Research Institute) at Phaltan in Maharashtra were submitted to the MNES (Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources). The scientists had applied for a patent on the chemical catalyst. The emphasis after this was to try to improve the technique so that waste treatment is over in just two days. The NARI scientists had taken cues from work on solar detoxification of ground-water and industrial wastes using titanium dioxide catalyst.
By purifying biogas produced from distillery wastes, scientists claimed to have generated huge quantities of com-pressed methane, a gas with immense potential as an alternative source of vehicle fuel. Experimenting with bulk distillery wastes from alcohol manufacturing breweries, researchers from the chemical engineering department of the Jadavpur University produced the gas by a process called biomethanation of the effluents. The process, which also cuts down on the environment pollution, has proved to be an eco-friendly energy production method (The Observer of Business and Politics 25 April 2000).
TERI—scientists has been developing new technologies to tackle the problem of waste management
TERI has developed a high-rate digester for fibrous and semi-solid municipal waste with the promise of revolutionizing the waste disposal industry. Described as TEAM (TERI Enhanced Acidification and Methanation) process, for which the patent has also been filed, the digester is said to be quick, economically viable, and suitable for food and agro-based industries and markets. In the face of evident environmental drawbacks of waste disposal methods like land-filling and incineration, the process of biomethanation of waste by anaerobic digestion has economical and social benefits apart from being environment-friendly (The Hindu, 18 March 2000).
TERI began work on the development of a high-rate digester for fibrous and semi-solid MSW in 1996. TEAM process is the culmination of these efforts. The salient features of TEAM are listed below.
Lowered retention time (7 days) and plant area for the whole process to make it economically viable as compared to conventional single phase reactors (30–40 days) or aerobic composting (3 to 6 months)
Currently, a bench-scale plant for processing 50 kg of vegetable waste per day is operational at the Gual Pahari campus of TERI, at Gurgaon, and efforts are under way for upscaling.
The wastes generated by various sectors need to be assessed and evaluated for their energy potential or reuse in any other form. Biomethanation has emerged as the best option for the treatment of high organic content liquids for energy generation. The use of this technology to Indian MSW is still in its developmental stage. Once a commercially proven technology is established, it will go a long way in dealing with energy problems in the country.
Wednesday, November 30, 2005
Re: energy recovery from dairy waste
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
Tuesday, November 22, 2005
Why I quit Indian Idol II
I called a friend, a guy I refer to as my spiritual guide. All he said was that if there was no passion in it, and if I was in a "don't know" zone, maybe it wasn't for me. He was right. I had never had much to do with singing. I had tried learning from two gurus in the past, both of whom I had run away from. So, why spend time with people who clearly knew little about music – let alone 'launching' talent – and compete for something I didn't want in the first place? Just to make my neighbours happy?
Turning to my colleague, I told her I had to get out. I hugged her, wished her luck and left.
Looking back, those eight hours changed my life. I stood up for myself. I felt good about the fact that no one managed to take my laughter away from me. I could giggle as much as I wanted to.
A few people still refer to me as 'Idol'. I'm hoping they stop. Soon. I can see no pride in being someone who smiles when he or she is told to. I don't need a title for being someone's puppet. I like my own title, Archana Pania! And, you know what, I don't need a million votes to burst into song whenever I feel like either...
Archana Pania is the resident jockey at Rediff Radio and got through two rounds of Indian Idol II.
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
Wednesday, November 09, 2005
http://www.haithindustrial.co.uk/index.php?sec=news&news_id=9
SUBMERGED AERATED FILTERS WITHIN PACKAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
SUBMERGED AERATED FILTERS WITHIN PACKAGE TREATMENT PLANTS.
23 September 2003
Package Treatment Plants are largely known as a solution for single households, or a few houses, to replace septic tanks in rural communities where alternatives to mains drainage becomes impracticable or uneconomic. However, they are increasingly being used as a solution for larger flows, including municipal wastewaters and industrial effluents.
The Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive demands that water companies must improve small and medium, waste and water treatment plants that supply less than 15,000 population, this also includes increased capacity for ammonia removal.
In contrast to conventional sewage works designed on a ‘bespoke’ basis using concrete, package sewage treatment plants are prefabricated systems incorporating single or multiple treatment stages. With the latter, this is usually primary sedimentation, secondary biological treatment and final settlement incorporated into a single, compartmentalised tank. As a complete package, these systems offer a low cost alternative in terms of design, capital cost and installation for small to medium-sized sites.
Generally, the design philosophy for package treatment plants is dependant on the flow to be treated. Plants above 100 PE are designed on a modular basis whereby each treatment process is contained within its own tank. This allows a greater flexibility in the design to suit the raw sewage characteristics and the final effluent requirements of the project. Newer designs that incorporate submerged aerated media mean that this size range is likely to be increased.
While most systems use the sedimentation process for primary treatment as well as final clarification, they can be differentiated in their choice of biological unit operations for secondary treatment, which are usually one of three options:
a)Enclosed Trickling Filters
b)Rotating Biological Contactors
c)Submerged Aerated Filters (SAF)
In three recent projects Haith Industrial have provided a package solution utilising SAF units. There proven experience in the supply of SAF units has found that they provide high performance due to their robustness and tolerance to flow and load variances.
For this reason Haith Industrial select an attached growth system carried out in an SAF Unit. Attached growth, which is where the micro-organisms are attached to random packed media as well as the effluent, percolates through the media undergoing purification during its passage. The micro-organisms grow in flocs; these flocs are responsible for the transformation of the organic material into new bacteria, carbon dioxide and water.
Haith have found that such systems are simple to operate and have low operating costs and have the ability to withstand shock and toxic loads owing to the relatively short contact time of the effluent with the slime layer. However, what is seen as the SAF units great attraction is its low maintenance and management requirements.
Haith say that being high rate, the main advantages of the SAF Unit are reduced power and maintenance costs, stability against hydraulic shock loads, and a capability of achieving a high degree of carbonaceous and nitrogenous BOD removal.
Additionally, ponding of the bed and clogging of filter nozzles is eliminated and odours and fly nuisance are also eradicated.
Project One – SAF unit alongside existing plant.
This project required the supply of two SAF modules operating in parallel with existing mineral filter beds in the location of a demolished unit.
Each of the units was manufactured from 5mm stainless steel plate and incorporated sealed roof with closed cell gasket, air blower unit including pressure relief valve, inlet silencer and air flow meter. Additionally a diffused air distribution system mounted on quick access cassettes, random media, media retaining decks and media supporting decks was included.
Both units were sized to treat 32.5% of the flow to the works; in order to establish the specification and size, Haith modelled the process by applying each of the determinants of the consent to highlight the drivers for the system. The calculations revealed that the drivers are a combination of the retention time to achieve nitrification and the BOD/media loading rate to ensure compliance with the Generic SAF Plant Specification. In this project each SAF unit was fed by gravity from a distribution chamber, within this vessel, adjustable weir plates provide an even distribution of settled sewage to each SAF for treatment. Following treatment through the plant the treated effluent will gravity flow to two conical humus tanks.
Built in stainless steel fabricated modules, each factory assembled and tested to allow quick assembly, Haith recommended above ground installation which would require only minimal ground works; access to the aeration equipment would be a simple operation of removing a set of bolts and sliding out the aeration cassette.
Each SAF module has the hydraulic capacity of approximately 4 litres per second, and was designed to the following plant data:
PE 650
Dry weather flow 1.2 litres/sec
Full flow to treatment 2.9 litres/sec
Settled BOD load 26.2 kg/day
Ammonia load 3.6 kg/day
Effluent discharge standard:
20mg/1 BOD (95% ile)
7 mg/1 AmmN (95% ile)
51mg/1 SS (95% ile)
The design of the Haith Aerated Treatment Unit (SAF) is a fixed film reactor for the oxidisation of the BOD and ammonia. As such the micro-organisms are attached to high voidage plastic media, which is random packed to prevent short cutting. Each unit has three compartments with the media selected for each compartment to provide the correct surface area/BOD/oxygen ratio.
In this project, the first compartment was fitted with lower surface area media than the following two; this provided a robust process operating at maximum efficiency with a minimum requirement for backwashing.
The unit was modular built with all ancillary equipment, membrane air diffusers, media and internal baffle plates fitted in the factory. This enabled the filter to be transported to site as an operational unit ready to run following connection of supply and discharge pipe work and the air supply equipment.
The filter was the Haith standard multiple cell upward flow design, each cell being of equal size. Stainless steel ambideck panels mounted in a common frame supported the bacteria supporting media in each cell. Additionally a holding down deck was secured to the top of the filter to retain the “swelling” media during the establishing period.
Aerobic conditions were provided in each cell by an aeration system comprising of E.D.P.M. membrane diffusers mounted on a manifold, which in turn was connected to a centrifugal type air blower set. Each manifold comprised of a number of feeder and cross pipes extending through an access door which in turn was bolted to the filter wall. The complete assembly of manifold and aeration diffusers can be drawn clear of the filter by removing the door bolts, allowing inspection and maintenance without the need to remove the media.
A sectional cover was provided, designed to span the width of the filter without the need for immediate supports. The centre cover was equipped with a water curtain to prevent the release of foam; this was fed by a submersible pump housed in the discharge launder.
Project Two – Below ground modular package plant.
In a second project Haith supplied a stainless steel fabricated package plant, comprising Primary Settlement Tank, SAF module and Final Settlement Tank, which were manufactured and delivered to site as separate modules, these were built as a single package plant on site and connected by pipework below ground.
This package plant was designed to the following plant data:
PE 250
Dry weather flow 64m3/d
Full flow to treatment 142.9m3/d
The primary settlement tank was designed in accordance with BS 6297 which ensured an upward flow velocity of no more than 0.9m3 per m2 per hour at full flow to treatment.
The tank was manufactured as an integral part of the module with a hopper bottom of steep valley angles which encouraged the sludge to compact and concentrate, additionally assisting in its movement toward the sludge gulper suction pipe.
The sewage inlet and outlet arrangements in addition to baffle plates contained the scum layer, which was removed along with the co-settled sludge.
Provision was also made for the introduction of humus sludge, which is returned from the final tank at regular intervals to be co-settled with the crude sludge.
The Haith SAF Unit was designed as project one.
The final settlement tank for this project was also designed in accordance with BS 6297 which dictates the surface loading and the retention period of the tank.
This tank also had a hopper bottom with valley angles of 60ยบ which prevents the sludge becoming trapped where it may go septic causing sludge rising problems.
This allows the sludge to be transferred back to be co-settled with the crude sewage by a lift pump which operates either manually or by timer, frequent humus sludge return is necessary to avoid flotation of the solids caused by denitrification of highly oxidised effluents.
Project Three – Package plant as one module.
In a third project Haith supplied a package plant with the three main elements as one module. The module was split into three main sections, Primary Settlement Tank, SAF unit and Humus Tank.
This module was supplied factory assembled and tested which provided quick site installation without the need for extensive civil works.
This system was designed for the following plant load data:
PE 120
Full flow to treatment 63m3/day
Dry weather flow 28m3/day
Effluent discharge standard
BOD (SAF) 40 MG/l
Suspended solids 60 mg/l
The design of the Primary Settlement Tank was designed in accordance with BS 6297 as project two.
Design of the Haith SAF unit was as previous; however on this project the unit was housed in the centre of the package plant being gravity fed from the Primary Settlement Tank via a series of internal baffles to prevent the carryover of solids into the SAF.
Design of the Final Settlement Tank was again to BS 6297 as previous projects.
Operation of the plant in all three projects is automatic with the minimum of maintenance following commissioning, Haith have found that SAF’s that have been in operation in similar applications have proven to work with little to no operator maintenance and intervention.
As the blower runs constantly the standard Haith design houses this in an enclosure which reduces the noise output to 65-67 dBa at one metre.
Haith point out that the only one essential task to be performed by the operator is de-sludging of the primary tank, this will include the removal of the floating scum which if allowed to accumulate could overflow the scum board and carry into the SAF causing blockages resulting in the deterioration of final effluent quality.
Haith, have in all three different projects provided a package solution derived from their proven experience which considered construction optimisation, looked at operating experiences and evaluated cost reductions in relation to traditional solutions. They have provided a more suitable and competitive solution for small site applications than conventional sewage works designed in concrete.
SUBMERGED AERATED FILTERS WITHIN PACKAGE TREATMENT PLANTS.
23 September 2003
Package Treatment Plants are largely known as a solution for single households, or a few houses, to replace septic tanks in rural communities where alternatives to mains drainage becomes impracticable or uneconomic. However, they are increasingly being used as a solution for larger flows, including municipal wastewaters and industrial effluents.
The Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive demands that water companies must improve small and medium, waste and water treatment plants that supply less than 15,000 population, this also includes increased capacity for ammonia removal.
In contrast to conventional sewage works designed on a ‘bespoke’ basis using concrete, package sewage treatment plants are prefabricated systems incorporating single or multiple treatment stages. With the latter, this is usually primary sedimentation, secondary biological treatment and final settlement incorporated into a single, compartmentalised tank. As a complete package, these systems offer a low cost alternative in terms of design, capital cost and installation for small to medium-sized sites.
Generally, the design philosophy for package treatment plants is dependant on the flow to be treated. Plants above 100 PE are designed on a modular basis whereby each treatment process is contained within its own tank. This allows a greater flexibility in the design to suit the raw sewage characteristics and the final effluent requirements of the project. Newer designs that incorporate submerged aerated media mean that this size range is likely to be increased.
While most systems use the sedimentation process for primary treatment as well as final clarification, they can be differentiated in their choice of biological unit operations for secondary treatment, which are usually one of three options:
a)Enclosed Trickling Filters
b)Rotating Biological Contactors
c)Submerged Aerated Filters (SAF)
In three recent projects Haith Industrial have provided a package solution utilising SAF units. There proven experience in the supply of SAF units has found that they provide high performance due to their robustness and tolerance to flow and load variances.
For this reason Haith Industrial select an attached growth system carried out in an SAF Unit. Attached growth, which is where the micro-organisms are attached to random packed media as well as the effluent, percolates through the media undergoing purification during its passage. The micro-organisms grow in flocs; these flocs are responsible for the transformation of the organic material into new bacteria, carbon dioxide and water.
Haith have found that such systems are simple to operate and have low operating costs and have the ability to withstand shock and toxic loads owing to the relatively short contact time of the effluent with the slime layer. However, what is seen as the SAF units great attraction is its low maintenance and management requirements.
Haith say that being high rate, the main advantages of the SAF Unit are reduced power and maintenance costs, stability against hydraulic shock loads, and a capability of achieving a high degree of carbonaceous and nitrogenous BOD removal.
Additionally, ponding of the bed and clogging of filter nozzles is eliminated and odours and fly nuisance are also eradicated.
Project One – SAF unit alongside existing plant.
This project required the supply of two SAF modules operating in parallel with existing mineral filter beds in the location of a demolished unit.
Each of the units was manufactured from 5mm stainless steel plate and incorporated sealed roof with closed cell gasket, air blower unit including pressure relief valve, inlet silencer and air flow meter. Additionally a diffused air distribution system mounted on quick access cassettes, random media, media retaining decks and media supporting decks was included.
Both units were sized to treat 32.5% of the flow to the works; in order to establish the specification and size, Haith modelled the process by applying each of the determinants of the consent to highlight the drivers for the system. The calculations revealed that the drivers are a combination of the retention time to achieve nitrification and the BOD/media loading rate to ensure compliance with the Generic SAF Plant Specification. In this project each SAF unit was fed by gravity from a distribution chamber, within this vessel, adjustable weir plates provide an even distribution of settled sewage to each SAF for treatment. Following treatment through the plant the treated effluent will gravity flow to two conical humus tanks.
Built in stainless steel fabricated modules, each factory assembled and tested to allow quick assembly, Haith recommended above ground installation which would require only minimal ground works; access to the aeration equipment would be a simple operation of removing a set of bolts and sliding out the aeration cassette.
Each SAF module has the hydraulic capacity of approximately 4 litres per second, and was designed to the following plant data:
PE 650
Dry weather flow 1.2 litres/sec
Full flow to treatment 2.9 litres/sec
Settled BOD load 26.2 kg/day
Ammonia load 3.6 kg/day
Effluent discharge standard:
20mg/1 BOD (95% ile)
7 mg/1 AmmN (95% ile)
51mg/1 SS (95% ile)
The design of the Haith Aerated Treatment Unit (SAF) is a fixed film reactor for the oxidisation of the BOD and ammonia. As such the micro-organisms are attached to high voidage plastic media, which is random packed to prevent short cutting. Each unit has three compartments with the media selected for each compartment to provide the correct surface area/BOD/oxygen ratio.
In this project, the first compartment was fitted with lower surface area media than the following two; this provided a robust process operating at maximum efficiency with a minimum requirement for backwashing.
The unit was modular built with all ancillary equipment, membrane air diffusers, media and internal baffle plates fitted in the factory. This enabled the filter to be transported to site as an operational unit ready to run following connection of supply and discharge pipe work and the air supply equipment.
The filter was the Haith standard multiple cell upward flow design, each cell being of equal size. Stainless steel ambideck panels mounted in a common frame supported the bacteria supporting media in each cell. Additionally a holding down deck was secured to the top of the filter to retain the “swelling” media during the establishing period.
Aerobic conditions were provided in each cell by an aeration system comprising of E.D.P.M. membrane diffusers mounted on a manifold, which in turn was connected to a centrifugal type air blower set. Each manifold comprised of a number of feeder and cross pipes extending through an access door which in turn was bolted to the filter wall. The complete assembly of manifold and aeration diffusers can be drawn clear of the filter by removing the door bolts, allowing inspection and maintenance without the need to remove the media.
A sectional cover was provided, designed to span the width of the filter without the need for immediate supports. The centre cover was equipped with a water curtain to prevent the release of foam; this was fed by a submersible pump housed in the discharge launder.
Project Two – Below ground modular package plant.
In a second project Haith supplied a stainless steel fabricated package plant, comprising Primary Settlement Tank, SAF module and Final Settlement Tank, which were manufactured and delivered to site as separate modules, these were built as a single package plant on site and connected by pipework below ground.
This package plant was designed to the following plant data:
PE 250
Dry weather flow 64m3/d
Full flow to treatment 142.9m3/d
The primary settlement tank was designed in accordance with BS 6297 which ensured an upward flow velocity of no more than 0.9m3 per m2 per hour at full flow to treatment.
The tank was manufactured as an integral part of the module with a hopper bottom of steep valley angles which encouraged the sludge to compact and concentrate, additionally assisting in its movement toward the sludge gulper suction pipe.
The sewage inlet and outlet arrangements in addition to baffle plates contained the scum layer, which was removed along with the co-settled sludge.
Provision was also made for the introduction of humus sludge, which is returned from the final tank at regular intervals to be co-settled with the crude sludge.
The Haith SAF Unit was designed as project one.
The final settlement tank for this project was also designed in accordance with BS 6297 which dictates the surface loading and the retention period of the tank.
This tank also had a hopper bottom with valley angles of 60ยบ which prevents the sludge becoming trapped where it may go septic causing sludge rising problems.
This allows the sludge to be transferred back to be co-settled with the crude sewage by a lift pump which operates either manually or by timer, frequent humus sludge return is necessary to avoid flotation of the solids caused by denitrification of highly oxidised effluents.
Project Three – Package plant as one module.
In a third project Haith supplied a package plant with the three main elements as one module. The module was split into three main sections, Primary Settlement Tank, SAF unit and Humus Tank.
This module was supplied factory assembled and tested which provided quick site installation without the need for extensive civil works.
This system was designed for the following plant load data:
PE 120
Full flow to treatment 63m3/day
Dry weather flow 28m3/day
Effluent discharge standard
BOD (SAF) 40 MG/l
Suspended solids 60 mg/l
The design of the Primary Settlement Tank was designed in accordance with BS 6297 as project two.
Design of the Haith SAF unit was as previous; however on this project the unit was housed in the centre of the package plant being gravity fed from the Primary Settlement Tank via a series of internal baffles to prevent the carryover of solids into the SAF.
Design of the Final Settlement Tank was again to BS 6297 as previous projects.
Operation of the plant in all three projects is automatic with the minimum of maintenance following commissioning, Haith have found that SAF’s that have been in operation in similar applications have proven to work with little to no operator maintenance and intervention.
As the blower runs constantly the standard Haith design houses this in an enclosure which reduces the noise output to 65-67 dBa at one metre.
Haith point out that the only one essential task to be performed by the operator is de-sludging of the primary tank, this will include the removal of the floating scum which if allowed to accumulate could overflow the scum board and carry into the SAF causing blockages resulting in the deterioration of final effluent quality.
Haith, have in all three different projects provided a package solution derived from their proven experience which considered construction optimisation, looked at operating experiences and evaluated cost reductions in relation to traditional solutions. They have provided a more suitable and competitive solution for small site applications than conventional sewage works designed in concrete.
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
Monday, November 07, 2005
first Birthday Reminder of azhar my lil kid
this is insa allah going to b my lil boys first birthday. pls, u all pepole, pray for his allround wellbeing and progress.i am a very forgetful person,thats why i am taking help of yahoo calender to remind me of things i should remember like my car number plate. that day i drove home another blue maruti car like mine home from the parking.on reaching home i sensed that this is not my car as the steeering wheel is different from mine.than i went back to the parking lot to return the car and take back my own.on seeing this the parking attendent fainted.well i used to say a lot of jokes, but this is not a joke.this is a real life exerience.u should have seen the face of the parking lot attendent.just imagine.....LOL.......saleemSubject: Birthday Reminder
Reminder from the Calendar of saleemasraf
azhars birthday
Wednesday November 9, 2005
All Day
This event repeats every year.
Notes:
azhars birthday
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Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
Thursday, November 03, 2005
YOU CAN BE MY BUSSINESS PARTNER
DEAR SIR/MADAM,
- YOU CAN BE MY BUSSINESS PARTNER AT YOUR LOCAL AREA.
- We are "WATER TREATMENT CONSULTANT" working for the last Ten years. Our details can be found at www.envo.8m.com As you know, water treatment and Pollution Control is a very big service sector .All kinds of Industries, Hotels, Schools, Hospitals, Residential colonies etc require treated clean water for their regular use. It’s a very huge business sector having an all India business to the tune of several thousand crores. We are presently building our All India Network outside NCR of Delhi. YOU CAN BECOME A SELF-EMPLOYED PERSON. AND, THERE IS NO MAJOR INVESTMENT REQUIRED ON YOUR PART. If you are interested, please contact us immediately with your details. Yours Truly, Saleem Asraf Syed Imdaadullah Director Envo Consultancy Services, 311/22, Zakir Nagar, New Delhi-110025 Tel: 91-011-26987150 Mobile Number: 9899300371 Email address: envo2005@gmail.com BLOG: http://saleemindia.blogspot.com
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
Monday, October 31, 2005
Why I became an Environmental Engineer
Why I became an Environmental Engineer
So, Shea asked a good question yesterday. Why did I decide to go into Environmental Engineering? First, maybe I should define it, as in my experience it is a little known field. According to the U.S. Department of Labor:
“Using the principles of biology and chemistry, environmental engineers develop solutions to environmental problems. They are involved in water and air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, and public health issues. Environmental engineers conduct hazardous-waste management studies in which they evaluate the significance of the hazard, offer analysis on treatment and containment, and develop regulations to prevent mishaps. They design municipal water supply and industrial wastewater treatment systems. They conduct research on proposed environmental projects, analyze scientific data, and perform quality control checks.
Environmental engineers are concerned with local and worldwide environmental issues. They study and attempt to minimize the effects of acid rain, global warming, automobile emissions, and ozone depletion. They also are involved in the protection of wildlife.”
Now, the simple answer to that question is that when I was a sophomore in high school, my dad grounded me until I had decided what I wanted to study in college. (The relationship I have with my dad is complicated, and we are not actually very close.) I picked Environmental Engineering, mostly because I liked science and math. I didn't really know what it was about.
When I was a senior in high school, I had the opportunity to intern at our local water treatment plant. There, I discovered that I found water treatment fascinating, and decided that that was what I wanted to do. After a poor initial college choice, and a transfer to a school that I loved, but where I got an essentially useless (to me, anyway) degree, I ended up at UMass, where I met Angeler and Phoebs. They are still 2 of my closest friends.
On second thought, I didn't just "end up" at UMass. My professors at GCC (now GCU) knew I wanted to go into engineering, and found me several summer internships to apply for. (And the degree isn't totally useless- an engineer with a liberal arts degree is a rare creature. Y'all will have to trust me when I assure you that you would not read the blogs of my colleagues.) I applied for, and was accepted to, an internship at UMass. The work I did that summer further convinced me that I wanted to study EvE.
So, UMass 4 years, got my degree, and a job in NC. I was running a drinking water pilot plant for my current firm, albeit at another office. At that office, I did mostly drinking water work, with some wastewater work thrown in for variety. After orchestrating a transfer to my current office, I now work mostly on groundwater remediation, doing technology demonstration studies. I am trying to pick up more drinking water optimization studies, but that has been a tough sell. However, I think that will come.
I enjoy what I do, and I like that I am, in some sense, helping to make the world a better place. My family has a history of service-oriented careers, and that is important to me.
As an aside, I enjoy it when y'all ask questions. Please do! (Although, I won't promise to answer all of them. Most of them, but depends on the subject matter.)
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
Friday, October 28, 2005
http://blogbusinessworld.blogspot.com/
The question often arises about where to send articles for publication. While there are many websites that accept articles for free publication, not everyone is aware of the free article sites themselves.
Here is a website that lists many article submission sites, where you can send your columns, posts, and articles. Most of the listed sites are free for some or all of your written submissions. The various listed directories are also categorized so your article can be targeted directly to its intended audience.
Here is a website that lists many article submission sites, where you can send your columns, posts, and articles. Most of the listed sites are free for some or all of your written submissions. The various listed directories are also categorized so your article can be targeted directly to its intended audience.
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
Strategies for Becoming
Strategies for Becoming
A Successful Consultant
Fifteen years ago, working as a consultant was considered an unusual career choice. There were few consulting firms and even fewer individual practitioners. Instead, professionals preferred the stability of corporate employment, with its fringe benefits, so-called "job security" and promotions.
Now corporate life is different: With limited opportunities to advance and little if any stability at large companies, consulting has emerged as a viable alternative to traditional career paths. Unlike permanent executives, consultants create their own employment opportunities by selling their services to multiple clients.
Corporations love this trend since it allows them to hire experts on a contractual basis instead of incurring the costs associated with recruiting full-time employees and paying compensation and benefits. Companies can pay a fee to receive highly specialized functions, knowledge or operating support only as long as they need it. As long as companies aren't locked into long-term commitments and consultants enjoy brisk demand, it's a quick deal benefiting both parties.
The prospect sounds great: Hang out your shingle and go to work for yourself (or so some professionals think). Unfortunately, many overlook a factor that's vital to long-term success -- a marketing plan.
With consulting practices now numbering in the tens of thousands, you'll hardly be the only one trying to capitalize on experience in your chosen niche. Developing a reputation as an expert in your field will help.
Consulting is all about positioning yourself as an expert, says Betsy Gooding, president of Practice Advantage, a Charleston-based consulting firm specializing in healthcare management. "If you can demonstrate that you have the knowledge and expertise that your clients need, and powerfully communicate that information, you'll consistently outperform your competition," she says.
Pitching Your Services
The issue now becomes whether you understand how to market your practice in the face of increasing competition.
Laurie Szczutkowski is a business and personal-success coach in Forest, Va. Her specialty -- life coaching -- was virtually unknown several years ago but now is expanding rapidly. "Being talented and offering a consistently superior service is, of course, essential," she says. "However, it's just as critical that you be able to market yourself, establish your credibility and build your reputation."
Market visibility and a unique message are key, she says. To distinguish herself from her competition, she takes every opportunity available to speak before professional audiences, publish articles and engage in other "image-building" activities.
Kevin Skarritt, co-founder and vice president of AcornCreative.com, a Brentwood, Calif.-based technology consulting group, has a similar challenge. With so many Internet companies vying for business, he had to find a way to stand out from others. His research quickly showed potential customers want more than simply a Web page designer. They need a new media expert.
"To meet the needs of the narrow niche market I'd identified, I created a team of Internet technology and design professionals that could meet the diverse needs of my clients," he says. "Then, I designed a portfolio of print and electronic marketing communications to promote our unique services."
Indeed, every consultant must be a keen marketing strategist, able to parlay chance opportunities into consulting assignments. Consulting engagements won't knock at your door. You'll need to plan a strategy to position yourself and increase your visibility in your niche market.
To promote his consulting firm that specializes in international development for U.S. corporations, Mike Florimbi, president of Florimbi Partners International in Dallas, used a range of marketing resources, including print brochures, e-mail, a Web site and personal networking. "Marketing has made the difference between a mediocre attempt at consulting and a really successful venture," he says.
Marketing Tools
But which marketing tool is best for you? Should you develop a resume, brochure, flier, print-ad campaign or other promotional material? What about the value of a Web site in today's rapidly emerging e-commerce marketplace?
Unfortunately, there's no single answer. Your choice will depend on the market you're trying to penetrate and how much you're willing to spend.
For instance, whether you choose a Web site, brochures, fliers or a resume depends on your initial budget. Multicolor, multipage brochures cost thousands of dollars. Web sites can run in the hundreds, even thousands of dollars. Instead, you might select a one-page flier that's well-presented and visually attractive at a fraction of the cost.
Either way, it's best to have your print and electronic marketing materials professionally prepared, experts say.
Regardless which promotional vehicle you choose, it should:
- appear upscale in its visual and graphic presentation
- effectively highlight your expertise and specific accomplishments
- include your professional and academic credentials (e.g., degrees, certifications, teaching experience, public speaking expertise, media experience, publications)
- describe the full scope of your services
- promote your past consulting assignments (if appropriate)
- use testimonials where possible (prospective clients likely will be interested in what others have to say about you
Where to Get Business
Also remember that you can't deliver your services until you've developed a client base. To generate a list, use the following resources:
Contacts. Networking is the single best method to build business relationships and identify consulting opportunities.
Past employers. They already know the quality of your work and achievements. Notify them that you're now a consultant and available on a contractual basis.
Professional associations. Become an active participant in as many associations as possible. Attend meetings to network with other members and promote your practice. Get the membership list and do a targeted direct-mail campaign. There's often a strong affiliation between members which can benefit your marketing efforts.
Civic and community associations. Through these organizations, you can connect with other professionals who have similar volunteer interests.
Chambers of Commerce. A great source for networking and identifying opportunities in your local market.
Colleges and universities. Many schools help start-up ventures in need of specific operating, financial and technological expertise. Establishing an affiliation with one or more may lead to promising referrals.
Small-business incubators. Another great source for networking with entrepreneurs in need of specific consulting expertise to launch their ventures.
Venture-capital firms. These firms often engage consultants for specific projects, start-ups, acquisitions and other high-profile engagements. Once you've established an affiliation, engagements can become routinely available as the firm acquires additional holdings.
Banks and lending institutions. Bankers know everything about their business clients. Most important, they are aware of companies that need strong and effective management support (particularly in turnaround and reorganization situations).
Marketing Rules to Live By
Once you open for business, never forget the basics:
Marketing and building a professional image are critical.
Don't confuse marketing with sales. Clients want to feel helped, not just sold on your services. So anchor your campaign in your ability to solve problems and provide expert insight. To that end, tout accomplishments rather than your credentials. Clients are interested in results.
Play it cool -- even if your cupboard's bare, let prospective clients think business is knocking down your door. Clients may lose confidence in your abilities if you seem hungry for business.
Sell information in the form of books, manuals, software, audio and videotapes or databases. You'll educate people and promote your business indirectly as you familiarize prospects with your expertise.
Individualize your consultations. If you provide help that appears formulaic or packaged, clients may feel cheated. They believe their circumstances are unique and worthy of special, custom treatment and solutions.
Never cut your fee to get business. Instead, focus on the quality of your service, not your price. Whether clients retain your services will depend more on the quality of help you provide than on the fees.
Even if you need the income, cutting your fee without reducing your workload suggests that your fees were inflated to begin with. If suspicions arise, a contract may be lost.
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
Thursday, October 27, 2005
Developing a reputation
| Developing a Reputation | |
 | |
| Part I: A Consultant's Most Valuable Asset | |
| |
By Scott Allen | |
| |
| Consulting is perhaps the most accessible entrepreneurial business one can undertake because there's basically zero start-up cost. There's no office to rent, no inventory to buy, no special equipment, no franchise fees, no incorporation costs, and you can spend as little or as much as you want on advertising and marketing. Simply put, all you really need is to know how to do something that most people don't know how to do and would be willing to pay money to either learn how to do or have it done for them. Just about anyone can hang up their shingle and say, "I'm a consultant". Of course, that's why consultants have developed a bad reputation in some ways. Jokes abound about it: Many professional organizations have popped up, both for the consulting field in general and for particular areas of practice, in order to address these issues. They provide standards of practice and certifications to raise the level of professionalism in the industry. Some would argue that knowledge is a consultant's most important intangible asset, but in reality, reputation is. Knowledge can be easily bought, or even sub-contracted, while reputation can't. You could know everything in the world, but if no one knows you know it, you're not going to make a living with it. The most effective form of marketing is still word-of-mouth referrals, and that relies entirely on reputation. Some consultants are fortunate enough to start out with an established reputation in their industry. If you're fortunate enough to be one of those people, then congratulations to you - you've already got a huge head start! But in either case, there are several things you can do to build reputation when you're first starting out, even before you have referenceable clients: | |
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
diary of a start up
Diary of a Startup
Alane Ebner is starting an architecture practice. She has set the rather ambitious goal of going from launch to thriving practice in just 82 days. In order to do that, she has brought in a team of experts to deal with bookkeeping, contracts, graphic design, real estate, web design, etc. -- 22 experts in all.
What makes Alane's story so fascinating, though, is that the whole process is being recorded daily in a group blog written by all the team members called AlaneByDay.com. They're currently on day 25 of 82. If you'd like to see a step-by-step narrative of how a business is launched by a team of experts, this is your chance. While it's particularly applicable to a professional services business, many of the lessons here are applicable to any business.
One word of caution... remember the basic scientific principle that by observing something, we change it. Alane's business is getting far more attention than the typical architecture startup as a result of this unique approach. That won't be easily duplicated, although it certainly should get you thinking about some unique approaches you might take to call attention to your business.
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
Be proactive and contact them
The Power of Follow Up
 | From Scott Allen, Your Guide to Entrepreneurs. FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now! |
Say what you're going to do and then do it
It never ceases to amaze me how few business people make the time to follow-up after they have made initial contact with a prospect or customer. In the last few months, I can think of at least eight different situations in my own life (business & personal) when someone did not bother taking this initiative. These included a landscaper who designed plans for our property, two different people who spoke to me about creating a promotional piece of literature for my business, a sales rep for a pool company, and a men’s fashion salesman who was asked to send information. In each of these situations I was very interested in the product or service offered by the vendor.This got me wondering…why don’t people follow-up? I think there are several reasons.
They don’t want to appear pushy. It may be true that following up too frequently will come across as being pushy. However, very few people ever come close to crossing this line. In fact, one the few times, a salesperson was pushy was more because of his tone, rather than fact he actually followed up. As a business owner, I believe it is our responsibility to keep following up with our prospects until we know for certain if they want to do business with us. However, I also strongly believe that we can cross that line by making too many calls in a short period of time. So where’s the happen balance? It depends on your business. A weekly call is more than enough to keep in touch providing you make sure your call is short and to the point. Don’t waste your prospect’s time by droning on and on. Also, if possible, provide some additional value during your follow-up call. This may give your prospect a reason to choose you instead of a competitor.
They forget. It’s easy to forget considering how busy we are. We may have every intention of calling our prospect but we get caught up in our business. Unexpected problems crop up, we find ourselves spending more time in meetings ad stuck in traffic, and because we didn’t schedule the follow-up, it doesn’t get done. This is a common dilemma but one that can be avoided by considering the follow-up like a scheduled appointment.
They make false assumptions. I once submitted a proposal to a company and told them I would follow-up on a certain day and time. Unfortunately, I was extremely sick that particular day and it was several days before I recuperated. I then wrestled with whether or not I should call him. I was concerned he would question why I didn’t call as scheduled. In the end, a simple apology was enough to rectify the situation and move the sales process forward.
When someone doesn’t immediately return our phone call or email message, we usually assume the worst – even if this assumption is not verified. I have learned from experience that a lack of response can often be attributed to the fact that the other person is just too busy to respond or does not have an answer for you. They think that the customer or prospect will contact them. I think this is one of the most common myths entrepreneurs fall prey to. They think that if they do a good job the customer will automatically call us back – we don’t need to follow-up. Unfortunately, we cannot rely on this if we want to achieve our sales goals. I remember talking to a couple of independent business owners at a networking function. Both lamented the fact that companies did not return their calls. I pointed out that the average executive receives dozens of phone calls everyday and often hundreds of emails. They are extremely busy which means they forget and the more time that slips by, the less important your product or service may be to them.
They have never been taught. Many people have never received formal sales training and have not learned why they should follow-up and how to make this happen. This is relatively easy to remedy. Start by asking or telling your prospect that you will follow-up on a specific day or time. Tell them how you will follow-up (telephone, email, face-to-face) and record this in your day planner or time management system. I use Outlook and now include a reminder so I don’t forget to follow-up.
Follow-up should also be completed after the sale is completed. A quick telephone call after your product or service has been delivered confirms their decision to buy from you. I make an effort to send every client a handwritten thank-you card once the sale has been confirmed and again when the services they requested have been delivered.
Here’s the bottom line. You can easily differentiate yourself from your competition by making the effort to follow-up with your prospects and customers. Don’t take it for granted that they will call you. Be proactive and contact them.
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
Monday, October 24, 2005
See what KBC2 is doing ... sab ko bakara bana raha hai!!!
See what KBC2 is doing ... sab ko bakara bana raha hai!!!
6 x 100 x 10 x 20 x 20 = 2400000
24 lakhs in 20 minutes..
cue is KBC 2!
Any guesses ??
6(Rs/SMS) x 100(entries) x 10( cities ) x 20
(districts ) x 20(states) = 6 x 400000(people trying
for the 2 lakhs cash price )
Imagine what if 1000 entries try out from 100 cities
??
The figure simply grows by 2 more zeores and yields a
whooping 24 Crores!!
And it does not stops there... 1000 entries from 100
towns is a very small number .. in practice it could
be another multiple of 100 or worst case a multiple of
1000 on an average..
In that case it is 24 x 100 crores earnings in just 20
minutes on every episode!
And the price money :-)) mere 2 CRORE ( and from
whose pocket ;-) )
Smart Buisness by Sidharth Basu!
And the best part of this calculation is just the SMS
earning!
What about the Ad money ??
A rough annual profit calculation goes like this..
2400 x (5 x 4)(episodes/month) x 12 = 576000 crores
Let even 50% get dissolved in taxes and other
payments, still you will be left with ( which
includes even the meagre 480 crores of price
money..i.e., if every episode bags 2 crore prize!! )
2,88,000 Crores profit ( only from SMS !!!! ) of
Indian Industry.
6 x 100 x 10 x 20 x 20 = 2400000
24 lakhs in 20 minutes..
cue is KBC 2!
Any guesses ??
6(Rs/SMS) x 100(entries) x 10( cities ) x 20
(districts ) x 20(states) = 6 x 400000(people trying
for the 2 lakhs cash price )
Imagine what if 1000 entries try out from 100 cities
??
The figure simply grows by 2 more zeores and yields a
whooping 24 Crores!!
And it does not stops there... 1000 entries from 100
towns is a very small number .. in practice it could
be another multiple of 100 or worst case a multiple of
1000 on an average..
In that case it is 24 x 100 crores earnings in just 20
minutes on every episode!
And the price money :-)) mere 2 CRORE ( and from
whose pocket ;-) )
Smart Buisness by Sidharth Basu!
And the best part of this calculation is just the SMS
earning!
What about the Ad money ??
A rough annual profit calculation goes like this..
2400 x (5 x 4)(episodes/month) x 12 = 576000 crores
Let even 50% get dissolved in taxes and other
payments, still you will be left with ( which
includes even the meagre 480 crores of price
money..i.e., if every episode bags 2 crore prize!! )
2,88,000 Crores profit ( only from SMS !!!! ) of
Indian Industry.
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
connecting the dots
----- Original Message -----From: JEBEEN@aol.comTo: JEBEEN@aol.comSent: Sunday, October 16, 2005 8:02 PMSubject: 10/16/05This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005.
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.
The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.
My second story is about love and loss.
I was lucky – I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation - the Macintosh - a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me – I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I retuned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.
My third story is about death.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything – all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma - which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of other's opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
Thank you all very much.
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
FAMILY-LEVEL FIXED-DOME BIODIGESTER
FAMILY-LEVEL FIXED-DOME BIODIGESTER
One cow produces an average of 10 kg of wet dung a day, equivalent to approximately 2 kg of dry matter. If cow dung is to be the main feedstock, the dung of approximately six cows (diluted with water) will be sufficient for a small biodigester of 9 m3. This biodigester would produce 2 m3 of biogas a day at 25°C, sufficient for the cooking needs of a family of around six people. At 30°C, the same digester would yield 3 m3 of biogas a day, sufficient for the cooking and lighting needs of the same family. In this case, the biogas would replace an average of 10 kg of fuelwood and 0.5 litres of kerosene per day, or roughly 4 000 kg of fuelwood and 200 litres of kerosene a year. It has been demonstrated that gas produced from the manure of at least three cows is sufficient to replace about 75 percent of the fuelwood normally used by a family of six people (Dalibard, 1995).
One cow produces an average of 10 kg of wet dung a day, equivalent to approximately 2 kg of dry matter. If cow dung is to be the main feedstock, the dung of approximately six cows (diluted with water) will be sufficient for a small biodigester of 9 m3. This biodigester would produce 2 m3 of biogas a day at 25°C, sufficient for the cooking needs of a family of around six people. At 30°C, the same digester would yield 3 m3 of biogas a day, sufficient for the cooking and lighting needs of the same family. In this case, the biogas would replace an average of 10 kg of fuelwood and 0.5 litres of kerosene per day, or roughly 4 000 kg of fuelwood and 200 litres of kerosene a year. It has been demonstrated that gas produced from the manure of at least three cows is sufficient to replace about 75 percent of the fuelwood normally used by a family of six people (Dalibard, 1995).
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
BLOOD MEAL FROM SLAUGHTER HOUSE
Blood meal is dried, powdered blood collected from cattle slaughterhouses. It is a rich source of nitrogen, so rich, in fact, that it may burn plants if used in excess. Gardeners must be careful not to exceed the recommended amount suggested on the label. In addition to nitrogen, blood meal supplies some essential trace elements, including iron.
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
Thursday, October 13, 2005
this earthquack, teaching for us
Every natural calamity has some new lesson to teach us. The last two — the tsunami of December 26, 2004, and the heavy flooding of Mumbai on 26th July this year brought their own insights. The tsunami alerted us to the need to urgently protect our coastline from tidal waves — as much as we can; the latter taught us that we can ignore the state of urban drainage only at our peril.
Similarly, the October 8, 2005, earthquake — with its epicentre near Muzaffarabad in Pakistan — has brought with it some new lessons. The Pakistan earthquake has not spared India either. It may be worth recalling that the January 26, 2001, Bhuj earthquake was strongly felt in the Sind province of Pakistan and that it had claimed about 50 people in Sind at that time.
The similarities do not end here. The structural damage that surfaced in Pakistan this time and in India were also almost similar. ‘Margala’, the 11-storeyed building in Islamabad — located at a distance of about a hundred kilometres from the epicentre, suffered heavy damage. We could have been looking at the buildings that collapsed in Ahmedabad, four years ago. Remember ‘Shikhar’, a 11-storeyed building in Ahmedabad which collapsed like a pack of cards at that point? It is significant to note that a number of other structures in the vicinity of ‘Margala’ and ‘Shikhar’ were either not affected, or had suffered only minimal damage. There is in the fate of these two buildings a great deal of information that structural engineers in India and Pakistan should try to decode, so that they can come up with better designs for high-rise buildings in areas that are earthquake-prone.
Against this background, let us examine the fate of conventional structures. Press reports and television coverage indicate that there has been extensive damage in the mountainous areas of this region. The area in the vicinity of earthquake epicentre is situated at an altitude of 2,000 to 3,000 meters. Seismic vibrations have more amplitude at higher elevations. For example, take a 30-storeyed building. It will have the least vibrations at the level of the ground floor but, as you go higher, the amplitude of the vibrations increase. The earthquake damage in Baramulla, Uri, Poonch, and so on, which are located at heights of about 1,500 to 2000 metres, and at a distance of about 60 to 90 km from the epicentre, was therefore more severe, as compared to the damage at Islamabad or Haripur, which are at a distance of about 60 to 90 km, but situated at an elevation of about 500 metres or so.
The effect of height on the damage perpetrated by the earthquake on buildings was very clearly seen. When one side of a house rests on a hill or mountain, the house has either not suffered at all, or the damage done to it has been minimal. This is due to the fact that the house does not vibrate as a single unit. It forms a small part of the entire mountain.
This can be better understood if you consider the example of Shimla. We have tall buildings in Shimla. Some of the buildings here may have five or more floors, but invariably one side of these building is not a man-made wall but the mountain itself. Such buildings will not suffer heavily during an earthquake. However, tall structures — isolated and open on all sides —are likely to suffer heavy damage. The High Court and Medical College buildings in Shimla should be scrutinised and studied from this angle.
One of the more interesting lessons to emerge from the Pakistan earthquake s, incidentally, an exceedingly useful one for the armies of India, Pakistan and China. It is most unfortunate that some jawans of the Indian army died because their bunker had collapsed after the earthquake. The Pakistan army also suffered many casualties. Ironically, the bunker is meant to be one of the safest places to take shelter in during military operations. Even deep penetrating bombs find it difficult to go through their covers, made of reinforced concrete and steel. A soldier is supposed to be safe in his bunker. He gets his food, water, shelter, bed and rest in it. But the experience of the latest earthquake has shown that while the bunker may give maximum protection from aerial bombardment, it will not provide even short duration protection if the attack comes from the ground. This means that now army engineers must get busy in designing bunkers which will not collapse during earthquakes. They should ensure that suitable modifications are made in design so that these structures meant to protect soldiers do not sink or collapse on them. This earthquake needs to be studied in terms of bunker design.
Let’s go to our next lesson — an important point about about sediment in rivers. When a moderate to heavy earthquake (with a magnitude of 6.5 or more) occurs in the catchment area of a river, a huge amount of soil, loose and fragile rock, and other material falls into the river, increasing its sediment content greatly. In hydrological terms, this is known as "fully charged". The River Indus and a number of rivulets have been charged to their maximum sediment-carrying capacity. If there is a dam downstream then the entire sediments are deposited in the reservoir. The flow of seismo-sediments in the river can be observed for six to ten months after an earthquake. This effectively reduces the useful life of a reservoir.
This means that the sediment deposits in various dams will now have to be examined. The January 1975 Kinnaur earthquake in Himachal Pradesh — with a magnitude of 6.5 — generated a huge amount of sediments which were terminally deposited in the Bhakra reservoir. Now both India and Pakistan need to examine the feasibility of building check dams upstream of the existing dams, so that the seismo-sediments are deposited in them and only water flows downstream.
These are just some of the lessons we can glean from this tragedy. There are, without doubt, several more. All these need to be studied so that we in this region can be better prepared to face reversals of this kind. The situation, in fact, warrants an extensive field damage survey on the part of both countries. Let us turn our grief into a learning experience.
The writer is a senior research seismologist. He was a former chief research officer of the earthquake engineering
Similarly, the October 8, 2005, earthquake — with its epicentre near Muzaffarabad in Pakistan — has brought with it some new lessons. The Pakistan earthquake has not spared India either. It may be worth recalling that the January 26, 2001, Bhuj earthquake was strongly felt in the Sind province of Pakistan and that it had claimed about 50 people in Sind at that time.
The similarities do not end here. The structural damage that surfaced in Pakistan this time and in India were also almost similar. ‘Margala’, the 11-storeyed building in Islamabad — located at a distance of about a hundred kilometres from the epicentre, suffered heavy damage. We could have been looking at the buildings that collapsed in Ahmedabad, four years ago. Remember ‘Shikhar’, a 11-storeyed building in Ahmedabad which collapsed like a pack of cards at that point? It is significant to note that a number of other structures in the vicinity of ‘Margala’ and ‘Shikhar’ were either not affected, or had suffered only minimal damage. There is in the fate of these two buildings a great deal of information that structural engineers in India and Pakistan should try to decode, so that they can come up with better designs for high-rise buildings in areas that are earthquake-prone.
Against this background, let us examine the fate of conventional structures. Press reports and television coverage indicate that there has been extensive damage in the mountainous areas of this region. The area in the vicinity of earthquake epicentre is situated at an altitude of 2,000 to 3,000 meters. Seismic vibrations have more amplitude at higher elevations. For example, take a 30-storeyed building. It will have the least vibrations at the level of the ground floor but, as you go higher, the amplitude of the vibrations increase. The earthquake damage in Baramulla, Uri, Poonch, and so on, which are located at heights of about 1,500 to 2000 metres, and at a distance of about 60 to 90 km from the epicentre, was therefore more severe, as compared to the damage at Islamabad or Haripur, which are at a distance of about 60 to 90 km, but situated at an elevation of about 500 metres or so.
The effect of height on the damage perpetrated by the earthquake on buildings was very clearly seen. When one side of a house rests on a hill or mountain, the house has either not suffered at all, or the damage done to it has been minimal. This is due to the fact that the house does not vibrate as a single unit. It forms a small part of the entire mountain.
This can be better understood if you consider the example of Shimla. We have tall buildings in Shimla. Some of the buildings here may have five or more floors, but invariably one side of these building is not a man-made wall but the mountain itself. Such buildings will not suffer heavily during an earthquake. However, tall structures — isolated and open on all sides —are likely to suffer heavy damage. The High Court and Medical College buildings in Shimla should be scrutinised and studied from this angle.
One of the more interesting lessons to emerge from the Pakistan earthquake s, incidentally, an exceedingly useful one for the armies of India, Pakistan and China. It is most unfortunate that some jawans of the Indian army died because their bunker had collapsed after the earthquake. The Pakistan army also suffered many casualties. Ironically, the bunker is meant to be one of the safest places to take shelter in during military operations. Even deep penetrating bombs find it difficult to go through their covers, made of reinforced concrete and steel. A soldier is supposed to be safe in his bunker. He gets his food, water, shelter, bed and rest in it. But the experience of the latest earthquake has shown that while the bunker may give maximum protection from aerial bombardment, it will not provide even short duration protection if the attack comes from the ground. This means that now army engineers must get busy in designing bunkers which will not collapse during earthquakes. They should ensure that suitable modifications are made in design so that these structures meant to protect soldiers do not sink or collapse on them. This earthquake needs to be studied in terms of bunker design.
Let’s go to our next lesson — an important point about about sediment in rivers. When a moderate to heavy earthquake (with a magnitude of 6.5 or more) occurs in the catchment area of a river, a huge amount of soil, loose and fragile rock, and other material falls into the river, increasing its sediment content greatly. In hydrological terms, this is known as "fully charged". The River Indus and a number of rivulets have been charged to their maximum sediment-carrying capacity. If there is a dam downstream then the entire sediments are deposited in the reservoir. The flow of seismo-sediments in the river can be observed for six to ten months after an earthquake. This effectively reduces the useful life of a reservoir.
This means that the sediment deposits in various dams will now have to be examined. The January 1975 Kinnaur earthquake in Himachal Pradesh — with a magnitude of 6.5 — generated a huge amount of sediments which were terminally deposited in the Bhakra reservoir. Now both India and Pakistan need to examine the feasibility of building check dams upstream of the existing dams, so that the seismo-sediments are deposited in them and only water flows downstream.
These are just some of the lessons we can glean from this tragedy. There are, without doubt, several more. All these need to be studied so that we in this region can be better prepared to face reversals of this kind. The situation, in fact, warrants an extensive field damage survey on the part of both countries. Let us turn our grief into a learning experience.
The writer is a senior research seismologist. He was a former chief research officer of the earthquake engineering
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
Tuesday, October 11, 2005
Geocaching
If you're not familiar with Geocaching, let me elucidate. Geocaching is a game where people hide caches (containers with various objects, including a logbook), post the GPS coordinates to a website, and other people try to find the cache. Now, there are a lot of variations to the game, such as encrypting the clues to the cache, having staged caches where each stage gets you one clue closer to the final cache, or "virtual" caches where the final destination is a monument or marker of some sort. (For additional information, go to geocaching.com) Bottom line, geocaching is a fun activity and I highly recommend it.
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
Sunday, October 09, 2005
SPIRITUALITY
we have to realize thta we have our original centre in GOD and thta we can not exist without him.Somwhere along the way we have made a terrible mistake and displaced this divine centre with a sense of separate me.The purpose our life is to connect with GOD.try to return to our original unity with GOD,this should be our first goal in life.pay attention to your inner life and its developement.you have already achieved a lot for your outer life like making money,love life,anything.knowing the validity of spiritual truth can only be accomplished by living them, not just reading or talking about them.real spirituality consists of experiencing these truths instead of just believing in them.
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
Saturday, October 08, 2005
Re: Quake Experience from rediff
----- Original Message -----From: saleemTo: Arun BapatSent: Saturday, October 08, 2005 11:36 PMSubject: Quake Experience from rediffSat Oct 8 17:25:45 2005
Name: Sheikh Junaid
Email: shjunaid@rediffmail.com
Quake Experience: I was sleeping at the time when the tremors started ( It is the month of Ramzan for muslims and usually after getting up very early in the moring around 4 am and eating food and offering prayers, muslims sleep again for sometime) and for first 10 seconds it was quite slow and i was at the 3rd floor and i quickly realised and went up to 4th floor to my parents and the frequency of tremors increased a lot and i could see the Fans and lamp Jars hitting the roof, i felt like i was in some amusement park and on some ride! We were so scared but didn't because there was no point moving down because the streets are so narrow and already there were so many people out there and God-forbid if some building collapes more casualities would be there on the streets then in the buildings....We remembered the tremors of the Gujarat earthquake, it felt like same, but it was for more time around 1 minute.....I am from Hauz rani, Khirki extn near malviya nagar and near my home i could see a newly made building got separate from the other building, actually this new building was built as if it was attached, which is very common in delhi, but now they are separate and there is quite lot of gap around 6 inches or more....If at anytime the quake epicenter is going to be Delhi or near Delhi i am afraid not even a single house would be spared and all will collapse especially conjusted areas like Hauz Rani,Khirki Village, Khirki extn, malviya nagar and many more place in central, western delhi like Pahad Ganj!
City: NEW DELHI
Sat Oct 8 17:26:52 2005
Name: saleem
Email: saleemasraf@yahoo.com
Quake Experience: we are acustomed to earthquacks as we are from North east Of India where minor tremors are felt every now and than. i calmly told my wife to go down stairs alongwith my children and move towards the nearby park.waise, the stair case is a danger zone also.
City: New Delhi
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
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