How to do tamattu haj

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How to do tamattu  haj

PRIMARY AIM OF HAJJ :

To remain at all times focused on the primary aim of his Hajj: to plead to

The Almighty to forgive his sins and to bless him with The Straight Path for

the remainder of his life. it is the starting point of one's commitment to

cast away one's bad ways and to begin afresh a new Allah-centred life.

A. Some useful information (Advisory) for hajj:

1. Medicines: Take medical prescription alongwith you. Most pilgrims will

suffer from one or more of the following: sore throat, coughing, frequent

sneezing, runny nose , fever, leg cramp , foot sore. Bring enough supplies of over the counter medicine on advice of your personal doctor with his rubber stamped prescription containing his registration number

. This will reduce the need to make frequent trips to the makkah medina indian

pharmacy and also lower your out of pocket expenses.

2. Take multivitamins daily as you may not be eating a balanced diet

there. You may want to consider a diet of bottled water, jamjam water, dates and fruits as this will reduce the need to go to the toilet frequently. This diet may also help to keep you more alert and not make you feel 'sleepy'. You will thus

have more time to worship.

3. The Hajj pilgrimage involves a lot of walking. If you don't go for daily

walks at home, begin it well before your journey to The Holy Land. This will

reduce the likelihood of getting muscle pulls and cramps. The tawaf, sa'ee,

and the frequent daily walks to The Mosque will help to improve your health.

Do not stop this habit of walking when you return home. You must to be in

the best of health to concentrate fully on your worship wherever you are.

4. You are never more than a foot from another pilgrim when you are in

Mecca during the peak period of the pilgrimage. Cover your nose and mouth

with a mask when you leave your hotel/apartment to reduce the likelihood of

infection. You can get a good quality washable mask at the pharmacies

there.

5. If you wear glasses, bring along an extra pair, preferably one with a

plastic frame. The likelihood of your glasses falling down and being stepped

on by sudden movements of the crowd are high. As an additional cover, bring

along your glass prescriptions as well. There are optical shops near The

Mosque. It is common for those wearing glasses to remove it and place it in 

front before starting their prayer. Never do this in both mosques. The

likelihood of your glasses being stepped on by others is 99%.

6. Flatulence (passing of wind) is an important cause of the loss of wudu. In

the crowd packed Holy Mosques, this can be a big problem. Avoid or reduce

the intake of food that contribute to this problem. If this is a serious

problem for you, consult your doctor. Both herbal and other medications

[antacid antiflatulent] are now available to reduce the occurrence of

flatulence.

7. It is very important that the pilgrim wears his identification tag at all

times he/she is out of his place of accommodation

B. Location map of Kaba and medina in the brain

If I am standing facing the door of the Kaba, On my left its Hazre Aswad ,

than on my right its Hateem and on my back its makame ibraheem and

further behind its zam zam.

Tawaf starts from the black stone hazre aswad. During the peak Haj period, DO NOT attempt to kiss The Black Stone hazre aswad.
We used to sit in mataaf facing the kaaba door till all our companions gather at the same place. Similarly we used to gather near the iron gate near jannatul baqi in medina till all our companions gather. Only after that we used to go to our home together. 

Other Items You should Take Along:

1. A 20 Inch suitcase with name, address, passport no, cover no written outside.

2. A small carry bag

3. A warm bed sheet

4. A small bag for Stones to be collected at muzdalifa to throw stone at satan at mina

5. Small Torch

6. Two sets of Ihram ( one towel set and one Cotton set)

7. Towel, small, big, one each

8. Hawai Sappal

9. Watch

10. Cotton Shirts and pant

11. A sweater

12. A waist Belt

13. Tissue papers

14. Medicines with prescription
15. Mobile phone
16. tayammum earth

The following is a list of items of daily use you should carry with you. They will make your life easier, and your stay in Saudi Arabia more comfortable.

1. multi-blade pocket knife, can opener, nail clipper, small scissors.
2. tooth brush, tooth paste, disposable razors, shaving cream, small mirror, comb, toilet paper (2 rolls), napkins, soap (2 cakes), plastic soap dish, small shampoo bottle, deodorant, chapstick, small vaseline, tooth picks.
3. pocket Quran, tasbeeh,pen, pencil, notebook.
4. slippers (flip-flops, thongs, chappals), sneakers, folding umbrella, sunglasses (or clip-on sunshades), small flash light with extra batteries, travel alarm clock, elastic eye-glass holder, baseball cap, 10 zippered sandwich bags, 4 garbage bags, plastic spoons, laundry detergent, 6 plastic grocery bags.
5. towels (2 large, 2 small), musalla (i.e. prayer rug), one heavy sheet, inflatable pillow.

Common medicines required are :

Imodium(Stomach problem), Paracetamol(Fever), Ibuprofen (Pain Releif),Neosporine ointment,Vaselin (For feet), Multivitamines and your regular medicines as given by your doctor.

Medication during Hajj

Gastrointestinal and respiratory infections are very common during Hajj . Carry certain medicines with you for use later.

PREVENTIVE ANTIBIOTICS: Ask your doctor to prescribe a broad-spectrum antibiotic to be taken prophylactically (i.e., as a preventive measure) throughout your stay in Saudi Arabia. This writer's (saleem) doctor prescribed 250 mg of the antibiotic CIPLOX250 to be taken daily once. I never contracted any disease during my stay there but all my team members suffered this and that.

Some people were prescribed AMOXICILLIN in place of CIPLOX250 by doctors and pharmacists with good results. 

1. Take Medicines with prescription

Carry a reasonable supply of over-the-counter drugs such as :

1.Ibuprofen (for pain)

2. TYLENOL PM (as a sleep-aid)

3. BENGAY, ASPERCREME (for muscular pain)

4. IMMODIUM (for diarrhoea)

5. EMETROL (for nausea)

6. Anti Allergic like Cetzine10, Allegra120

7.Paracetamol (Fever),

8. COUGH Syrup

9. MULTI-VITAMINS,

10. ANTI-BACTERIAL CREAM (for cuts) Neosporine ointment, Vaselin(dry weather)

11.BAND-AIDS, Cotton, Dettol

b. Take multivitamins daily as you may not be eating a balanced diet

c. You may want to consider a diet of  jum jum water, dates and fruits as this

will reduce the need to go to the toilet frequently. This diet may also

help to keep you more alert and not make you feel 'sleepy'. You will thus

have more time to worship.

How to do tamattu  haj

Tawaf (Arabic: طواف) is one of the principal rites of the pilgrimage and refers to circumambulating or walking in circles around the Kaaba in an anti-clockwise motion. Seven complete circuits, with each one starting and ending at the hazre aswad the black stone, constitute one Tawaf.
Sa'ee is an Arabic word which means ritual walking or formal procedure defined in Pilgrimage. It is the back and forth movement between the hills of Safa and Marwah in Makkah. It is an integral part of the Hajj and Umrah in Islam.Thus the walk begins at Safa and ends at Marwah. Starting from Safa one should walk to Marwah and this constitutes one walk, from Marwah back to Safa the second and so on up to seven walks finally ending at Marwah.
YOU WILL BE IN IHRAM DURING STAY AT MINA, ARAFAT, MUJDALIFAH. Learn dos and donts when in Ihraam.There is no problem in taking insulin injection during ihram by diabetic patients as it is not among the forbidden things in ihram.
For detailed description of hajj pls read this article https://islamqa.info/en/31822

7th zil hajj ;

Take a bath(ghusl) , WEAR IHRAM, pray two rakats sunnat and make niyyat for hajj tamattu. Say Talbiyah (" labbaik....)

Go to kaaba , do TAWAF & SAYEE. If you do sayee now,no need to do sayee in tawaf e ziyarat ( FARZ TAWAAF on 10th zul hajj ) .

8 th zul hajj : Spend the day & night at Mina. Pray five salaats.

we were sent to arafah from mina on the nite itself .

9 th zul hajj: Day of Arafah : From dhuhr to asr, "STAND UP" for prayers & pleadings at Arafah maidan ( inside tent ). "Arafah is Hajj". Keep this in mind.

After sun set at arafat ,we went to mujdalifah and stayed the night there under open sky ( no tent ) . its too cold at night but we cant wear anything as we are in ihraam  , we collected 70 pebbles at mujdalifah. 

10th zul hajj: day of Qurbaani :

on the morning of 10 th zilhaj , we offer fazr prayer at mujdalifah and immidiately move to mina with the stones in hand to stone the big satan.

Five things are to be done serially one after another on the 10th day. You cant break the series atall. or you will have to offer a dum ( a sheep ).

the series is as follows :

1. Stone the big satan ( only the big satan, not the other two) with seven pebbles . you can throw pebbles on behalf of other persons also who cant throw themselves.

2. Do the qurbani ( if you personally want to do the jawah of the sheep than u will have to go to makkah to do so, since we gave the duty of doing the qurbani to a saudi govt. bank , we did not went to makkah, instead we rested at our tent in mina and waited for the qurbaani time to be over )

3.  Shave off hair ( After the qurbaani time is over )

4. Took off Ihraam ( After shaving )

5. immidietly went to makkah to do tawaf e ziyarat ( FARZ TAWAAF ) . In tawaf e ziyarat , we have not done Ramal, Izteba, and sayee.

6. After farz tawaf ,we came back to mina to stay the night at mina tents.

 11 th zul hajj . you stone the three satans , each of them with seven stones after dhuhr prayer ( not before noon ). stay at mina.

 12 th zul hajj . you stone the three satans , each of them with seven stones after dhuhr prayer ( not before noon ). And now, you must leave mina boundary line before maghrib to makkah. if you are in Mina after sunset  , you will have to stay one another day at mina (13 th zul hajj also) and stone the three satans...he he he....and nobody wants to live in mina for another night.

You have now completed Hajj Tamattu Minus Tawaf Al Wada  ( Farewell Tawaf )

BEFORE U LEAVE FOR INDIA :

Before coming back to Home (India) , you do Tawaf al wada, no sayee .

With this last act, by the grace of almighty Allah your tamattu haj is complete.

 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

MY OWN HAJ EXPERIENCE IN 2008

( 03.11.2008) we boarded a  plane at Guwahati Airport (The first direct flight from Guwahati to Jeddah Non Stop) noon time and reached jeddah at maghrib. And travelled by bus to makkah and at isha time we offered our FIRST prayer in life DIRECTLY infront of Kaaba. 
I just cant describe the feeling here. Seeing is only believing. Go for it man when you are young and energetic.

shaving off your head at Mina during haj

Here is one of my haj experience that you may find interesting and informative 
...
at makkah u find barbers to shave off your hairs easily. so many of them are there....shouting at you...kom here kom here...

But on the 10th zulhijjah, at mina, you will not find barbers easily. and you cant shave yourself or your male relative cant shave you if he has not shaved his hair .We want to take off Ihraam fast , so, i searched and searched frantically but could not find any.

nobody there take chances with unknown people . But I asked one boy whether he will shave me, he said yah yah, why not. and now listen how he shaved me. i gave him my razor. he opened the razor set and took out the blade. holding the blade by hand he shaved me in 10 minutes flat. and my head was red here and there with cuts.

my mom was not worried about the cuts , she was worried about the unknown boy and probable infection. i Told mom that I carried the blade from Delhi. (MY OWN BLADE)

After that , i shaved my father and took almost one hour to shave him, isko dekh kar shamim bhai dar gaye and he took a round of the tents at mina aur shamim bhai ko kisi ne kar diyaa ganja,

Summery of the story : Take your own blade with u when u go there. and dont take unnecessary risks.

My HAJ 2008 Photos https://www.flickr.com/photos/saleemindiablog/

I think the book "HOJOLOI OLAOK " in assamese compiled by syed sayeedur rahman is the most easy to follow and step by step haj guide book I have ever found. email: sayeedbinjamal@gmail.com

what is your greatest passion in life ?

Most people often don't know their purpose in life.

What are you here to do and what is your greatest passion in life ?

Listen to heart and follow what is true to you.

For me, when i start writing this blog posts (www.saleemindia.blogspot.com) i can easily go for six to eight hours without even realising it.

When I look at past experiences, i have started to clearly see which ones make me become totally absorbed.

The easiest way to get to know yourself is through blogging. By writing to yourself on a regular basis. when you write your thoughts down in words,you start the process of  truly understanding your dreams,hopes,gifts,weakness,lessons you have learnt and hidden talents you may have.

I schedule time in my calendar at least once a week,to do something that i absolutely love.
Right now, this is blogging. (www.saleemindia.blogspot.com).

FORGET WHAT OTHERS THINK OF YOU. you will never unlock your passion unless you put aside what other people think of you. Successful people know that learning to ignore other peoples opinion of you is how you achieve the impossible.

Share your passion with the world.post it on social media.

This blog has more than four lacs views till today with more than one thousand posts.
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Homeopathic treatment for gall bladder stone , kidney stone

जिस किसी को पत्थरी की बिमारी हो वो चूने से परहेज़ करे ( पान, खैनी गुटखा वगैरा जिसमे चूना मिला कर खाया जाता हो न लें)
पथरी होने का मुख्य कारण आपके शरीर मे अधिक मात्रा मे कैलशियम का होना है | मतलब जिनके शरीर मे पथरी हुई है उनके शरीर मे जरुरत से अधिक मात्रा मे कैलशियम है लेकिन वो शरीर मे पच नहीं रहा है वो अलग बात हे| इसलिए आप चुना खाना बंद कर दीजिए|

आयुर्वेदिक इलाज !
______________
पखानबेद नाम का एक पौधा होता है ! उसे पथरचट भी कुछ लोग बोलते है ! उसके 10 पत्तों को 1 से डेड गिलास पानी मे उबाल कर काढ़ा बना ले ! मात्र 7 से 15 दिन मे पूरी पथरी खत्म !! और कई बार तो इससे भी जल्दी खत्म हो जाती !!! आप दिन मे 3 बार पत्ते 3 पत्ते सीधे भी खा सकते हैं !
होमियोपेथी इलाज !
______________

अब होमियोपेथी मे एक दवा है ! वो आपको किसी भी होमियोपेथी के दुकान पर मिलेगी उसका नाम हे BERBERIS VULGARIS ये दवा के आगे लिखना है MOTHER TINCHER ! ये उसकी पोटेंसी हे|
वो दुकान वाला समझ जायेगा| यह दवा होमियोपेथी की दुकान से ले आइये| (स्वदेशी कंपनी SBL की बढ़िया असर करती है )

(ये BERBERIS VULGARIS दवा भी पथरचट नाम के पोधे से बनी है बस फर्क इतना है ये dilutions form मे हैं पथरचट पोधे का botanical name BERBERIS VULGARIS ही है )

अब इस दवा की 10-15 बूंदों को एक चौथाई (1/ 4) कप गुण गुने पानी मे मिलाकर दिन मे चार बार (सुबह,दोपहर,शाम और रात) लेना है | चार बार अधिक से अधिक और कमसे कम तीन बार|इसको लगातार एक से डेढ़ महीने तक लेना है कभी कभी दो महीने भी लग जाते है |

इससे जीतने भी stone है ,कही भी हो गोलब्लेडर gall bladder )मे हो या फिर किडनी मे हो,या युनिद्रा के आसपास हो,या फिर मुत्रपिंड मे हो| वो सभी स्टोन को पिगलाकर ये निकाल देता हे|

99% केस मे डेढ़ से दो महीने मे ही सब टूट कर निकाल देता हे कभी कभी हो सकता हे तीन महीने भी हो सकता हे लेना पड़े|तो आप दो महीने बाद सोनोग्राफी करवा लीजिए आपको पता चल जायेगा कितना टूट गया है कितना रह गया है | अगर रह गया हहै तो थोड़े दिन और ले लीजिए|यह दवा का साइड इफेक्ट नहीं है |

और यही दवा से पित की पथरी (gallbladder stones ) भी ठीक हो जाती है ! जिसे आधुनिक डाक्टर पित का कैंसर बोल देते हैं !
____________________
ये तो हुआ जब stone टूट के निकल गया अब दोबारा भविष्य मे यह ना बने उसके लिए क्या??? क्योंकि कई लोगो को बार बार पथरी होती है |एक बार stone टूट के निकल गया अब कभी दोबारा नहीं आना चाहिए इसके लिए क्या ???

इसके लिए एक और होमियोपेथी मे दवा है CHINA 1000|
प्रवाही स्वरुप की इस दवा के एक ही दिन सुबह-दोपहर-शाम मे दो-दो बूंद सीधे जीभ पर डाल दीजिए|सिर्फ एक ही दिन मे तीन बार ले लीजिए फिर भविष्य मे कभी भी स्टोन नहीं बनेगा|sent by anwar ahmad,delhi, homeo prac +919278869600 (whatsapp)...share with your friends please. It may help somebody.

REMOVING GALLSTONES NATURALLY

Lemon water makes a healthy drink, especially when taken in the morning. If you like your tea without milk, then you can add a little bit of lemon and honey in your tea.
It is really soothing. Daily consumption of lemon water has a number of health benefits.

Good for stomach: Lemon is really helpful when it comes to digestion problems. Due to the digestive qualities of lemon juice, symptoms of indigestion such as heartburn, bloating and belching are relieved. Traditionally grandmoms always recommended a glass of lemon juice when somebody suffered from fever or stomach upset.

Glowing skin: Lemon, being a natural antiseptic medicine, can participate to cure problems related to skin. Lemon is a vitamin C rich citrus fruit that rejuvenates skin and results in a glowing skin. Lemon also acts as an anti-aging remedy.

Lose the flab: In India, many people drink lemon water with a dash of honey early in the morning to lose weight.

Cures throat infections: Lemon is an excellent fruit that aids in fighting problems related to throat infections, sore throat as it has an antibacterial property.

Controls high blood pressure: Lemon water works wonders for people having heart problem owing to its high potassium content. It controls high blood pressure, dizziness, nausea as well as provides relaxation to mind and body.
Source of the article: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/diet/Squeeze-the-health-benefits-of-a-lemon/articleshow/13595130.cms

Benefits of Lemon water or Lime water or Nimboo paani 

Drinking a glass of Nimboo Paani aka lemon water first thing in the morning, has a lot of positive health benefits. Some of them are as follows:

• Lemon water aids bowels to eliminate naturally and easily.
• Lemon water is good for digestion.
• Nimboo paani helps to relieve symptoms of indigestion like heartburn, burping, and bloating.
• Lemon water has an alkalizing effect in the body. Alkalinity reduces acidity in the body and thus reduces inflammation.
• Nimboo paani helps to reduce arthritic pain or gout by diluting uric acid in body.
• Nimboo paani helps one to lose weight. Pectin fiber, present in lemons, helps fight hunger cravings.
• Lemon water helps oxygenate the body and maximizes enzyme function.
• Nimboo paani stimulates the liver’s natural enzymes. Thus assisting the liver in the process of dumping toxins like uric acid and of liquefying congested bile ducts.
• Nimboo paani provides the body with hydration, anti-oxidants and electrolytes, thus helping in keeping skin blemish-free.
• Lemon water is a rich source of the immune boosting vitamin C and helps body in healing.
• Nimboo paani helps to soothe a sore throat, due to its antibacterial properties.
• Nimboo paani helps to reduce phlegm in the body.
• Lemon water is high in potassium, thus is good for brain, nerve function and for heart health. Thereby helps to ward off stress and depression.
• Lemon water helps to lower blood pressure.
• Nimboo paani helps to relieve toothaches and gingivitis.
• Nimboo paani helps to cure the common cold.
• Lemon water helps to dissolve gall bladder stones and other calcium build ups in the body.
• Nimboo paani helps to replenish salt levels in body after playing sports or physical activity or workouts.
• Source of the article ::http://www.aapdapunjab.com/nimboo-paani-lemon-water-benefits/

More read http://www.bhaskar.com/news-hf/LIF-HNB-health-benefits-of-honey-lemon-warm-water-5271325-PHO.html?seq=3

References:

[1] Siegel, J. D., & Di Palma, J. A. (2005). Medical Treatment of Constipation.Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery, 18(2), 76–80.

[2] Johnston CS. Strategies for healthy weight loss: from vitamin C to the glycemic response. J Am Coll Nutr. 2005 Jun;24(3):158-65. Review. PubMed PMID: 15930480.

[3] Kato, Y., Domoto, T., Hiramitsu, M., Katagiri, T., Sato, K., Miyake, Y., … Harada, T. (2014). Effect on Blood Pressure of Daily Lemon Ingestion and Walking. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2014, 912684.

[4] Vijaya Kumar, The Secret Benefits Of Lemon And Honey, 2007, 45-Page

Disclaimer: We dont guarantee any specific results as a result of the procedures mentioned here and the results may vary from person to person. The topics in these pages including text, graphics, videos and other material  are for informational purposes only and not to be substituted for professional medical advice.

HOW TO DESIGN A STP USING MBBR FBBR FMR TECHNOLOGY

An introduction to MBBR (moving bed biofilm reactor )/ FM Reactor/ FAB /FMR Reactor wastewater treatment

When communities of microorganisms grow on surfaces, they are called biofilms. Microorganisms in a biofilm wastewater treatment process are more resilient to process disturbances compared to other types of biological treatment processes.  Thus, biofilm wastewater treatment technologies can be considerably more robust especially when compared to conventional technologies like activated suldge process..

In the MBBR biofilm technology the biofilm grows protected within engineered plastic carriers, which are carefully designed with high internal surface area. These biofilm carriers are suspended and thoroughly mixed throughout the water phase. With this technology it is possible to handle extremely high loading conditions without any problems of clogging, and treat industrial and municipal wastewater on a relatively small footprint.

System description

The MBBR™ biofilm technology is based on specially designed plastic biofilm carriers or biocarriers that are suspended and in continuous movement within a tank or reactor of specified volume. The design of associated aerators, grids, sieves, spray nozzles and other integral parts to the reactor is also of great importance in making up the system as a whole .

The industrial and municipal wastewater is led to the MBBR™ treatment reactor where biofilm, growing within the internal structures of the biocarriers, degrade the pollutants.  These pollutants that need to be removed in order to treat the wastewater are food or substrate for growth of the biofilm.  The biocarrier design is critical due to requirements for good mass transfer of substrate and oxygen to the microorganisms  .  Excess biofilm sloughs off the biocarrier in a natural way .

An aeration grid located at the bottom of the reactor supplies oxygen to the biofilm along with the mixing energy required to keep the biocarriers suspended and completely mix within the reactor.

Treated water flows from reactor through a grid or a sieve, which retains the MBBR™ biocarriers in the reactor. Depending on the wastewater, the reactors are may be equipped with special spray nozzles that prevent excessive foam formation.

The MBBR is a biological aerobic degradation of organic pollutants. The process utilizes millions of tiny, polyethylene biofilm elements that provide a high surface area as a home for a vast, highly active bacteria culture. This fixed film process features a flexible reactor design, the ability to handle load increases without the need for extra tankage, and remains stable under large load variations, including temperature, strength or pH. Like the activated sludge process, the MBBR process utilizes the whole volume of an open tank. Unlike an activated sludge reactor, it does not require sludge return to operate effectively. In MBBR , addition of media quantity and Air Quantity is the Key Factor.

Total reactor volume of the MBBRs is designed for different hydraulic retention time for different types of waste water at average flows and than checked against peak flows. Essentially nutrient levels and DO levels are the only control points for the system.

Moving Bed Biofilm Bioreactor (MBBR) process uses the whole tank volume for biomass growth. It uses simple floating media, which are carriers for attached growth of biofilms. Biofilm carrier movement is caused by the agitation of air bubbles. This compact treatment system is effective in removal of BOD as well as nitrogen and phosphorus while facilitating effective solids separation.

Design and Construction Principles

Neutralised and settled wastewater passes through MBBR for reduction in BOD/COD. Most of the MBBR plants are provided with vertically or horizontally mounted rectangular mesh sieves or cylindrical bar sieves. Biofilm carriers are made up of high density (0.95 g/cm³) polyethelene. These are normally shaped as small cylinders with a cross inside and fins outside. The standard filling of carrier is  not more than 465 m²/m³. Generally, design load for COD-BOD removal is 20 g COD / m²d. Smaller carriers need smaller reactor volume at a given loading rate (as g/m²d) when the carrier filling is same. 

It is advisable to use MBBR in combination with a DEWATS  as a pre-treatment unit, depending on the local conditions and input characteristics. It is a very robust and compact alternative for secondary treatment of municipal wastewater, having removal efficiency for BOD 90 – 95% (low rate) and that of 75 – 80% for high rate. Average nitrogen removal is about 85%. There is no need for sludge recirculation. Phosphorus and faecal coliform reduction is feasible with additional passive (non-mechanical) or active (mechanical) system components.

A constantly operating MBBR does not require backwashing or return sludge flows. It has minimal head-loss. Coarse-bubble aeration in the aeration zone in the wastewater treatment tank provides ease of operation at low-cost. Agitation continuously moves the carrier elements over the surface of the screen thus preventing clogging. Maintenance of MBBR system includes screening, influent equalisation, clarifier system, sludge handling and integrated control system. There is no need to maintain f/M ratio as there is self-maintenance of an optimum level of productive biofilm. Skilled labour is required for routine monitoring and operations of pumps and blowers.

Calculations!:Aeration Tank Volume, HRT, MLSS Values.

I am working in a STP & ETP plant. I need to know how to calculate: 1. Volume of Aeration tank 2. HRT 3. F/M Ratio 4. MLSS value. The relevant details of the ETP are as below: Influent flow = 10 m3 / day In. flow BOD = 1200 mg / L In.flow COD = 2200 mg / L TSS  = 850 mg / L   Jeyaroopa   jeyaroopa79@gmail.com Dear Jayroopa You may please refer Water & Waste Water Engineering by Metcalf & Eddy. BOD of effluent is 1200 mg/l. It will be difficult to bring down the BOD by Activated Sludge process to desire permissible limits. Simplified method of calculation is as below. Process Activated sludge Flo3, CUM 10 Type Extended aeration Food to Microorganism ratio (F/M) 0.15 Total BOD load, Kg BOD*Flow/1000.= 12 Total mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS) Total BOD/(F/M) = 80 kg MLSS in Tank say mg/l 3000 Volume of tank, CUM Total MLSS/(MLSS/1000) = 26.6 Retention time, hr 24*Volume of Tank/Flow = 63.84 You can select F/M & MLSS values and optiimise the volume of a tank. The waste water has high suspended solids therefore sedimentation is must. Maximum efficiency of Activated sludge process is 95% therefore if you need lower value of BOD in treated effluent then you have to opt two stage process. For further information please contact Prof. R. V. Saraf Director Viraj Envirozing India Pvt. Ltd. 21 Radhakrishna Near SBI, Paud Road, Pune 38 watersgs@vsnl.net 13 Aug, 2008   |  Taral Kumar Dear Jeyaroopa, Though the calculation is not that simple, I will give you a thumb rule. Multiply BOD with Quantity of effluent and divide it by 500 to get aeration tank volume. For example, for 10 cum/day with 1200 BOD, aeration tank volume shall be 10 x 1200 / 500 = 24 cum. That is 2.5 days storage nearly. But that is because the BOD is excessively high. With best regards, Taral Kumar Executive Director Akar Impex Pvt. Ltd. Noida, Uttar Pradesh http://www.indiawaterportal.org/Network/askq/kb/?View=entry&EntryID=343