BLOGSPOT BLOGGER TWITTER & FACEBOOK RULES @saleemasraf

Source:    http://www.soravjain.com/                                   
Digital marketing on twitter read more on
Some prefer tweeting about business, technology and some puns or funny tweets. So follow people from your community and also interact, receive follows from them. This way you have the right audience for your tweets.
Hashtags are like the heart of a tweet. Once click and all the relevant content to the hashtag is on your screen, so will be your tweet. If you use the right hashtag, your tweet will reach to thousands of people who are using the same hashtag.
Tweets with media are more likely to be retweeted than ones that don't. Adding media to a tweet catches the attention of people and increases the chances of engagement. ‪#‎digital‬ marketing ‪#‎marketing‬ ‪#‎Twitter‬‪#‎TweetReach‬ ‪#‎SocialMedia‬ ‪#‎SocialMediaMarketing‬ @saleemasraf
 source www.indiblogger.in
                                          BLOGSPOT BLOGGER STILL RULES

TWITTER & FACEBOOK RULES

Well water iron treatment, Drinking Water Treatment - Potassium Permanganate

 Its an age old method to use potassium permanganate(1% solution) in the well water and then pass it through slow sand filter. It removes Iron from well water.

 potassium permanganate(1% solution)  is effective against: dissolved iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide.

. Potassium permanganate is a point-of-entry treatment method that oxidizes dissolved iron, manganese, and hydrogen sulfide into solid particles that are filtered out of the water. It can also be used to control iron bacteria growth in wells.

Potassium permanganate is available as a dry, purplish solid. A device injects a solution of potassium permanganate into the water between the water pump and holding tank.

Potassium permanganate oxidizes iron, manganese, and hydrogen sulfide into particles. The particles are then filtered with a multimedia filter which can be either manganese-coated aluminum silicate above manganese-treated green sand or an 8-inch layer of anthracite above manganese-treated greensand. If an insufficient amount of iron, manganese, or hydrogen sulfide is oxidized prior to filtration, the manganese coating on the filter media acts as a backup oxidant to treat any remaining contaminant. If too much potassium permanganate is fed into the water prior to filtration, the excess potassium permanganate serves as a regenerant for the filter media. The water should be colorless when it leaves the filter.

When treating water to remove iron bacteria, a solution of potassium permanganate is fed into the well. A concentration of 3.8 to 7.6 grams per gallon has been found to be very effective. After the solution is added in the well, continuous agitation will help loosen and disintegrate sediment and organic material produced by the bacteria, thus enhancing treatment effectiveness. Agitation can be accomplished by turning the well on and off, which brings water up through the well casing and then lets it fall back into the well.

Potassium permanganate is poisonous and irritates skin, so handle it carefully and ensure that there is no excess potassium permanganate in the treated water. The chemical gives water a slight pink tint. Water should be colorless after treatment.

Adapted from: Wagenet,L., K. Mancl, and M. Sailus. (1995). Home Water Treatment. Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service, Cooperative Extension. NRAES-48. Ithaca, NY.

Source of the article:: http://articles.extension.org/pages/31569/drinking-water-treatment-potassium-permanganate

Organic Waste Converter excel industries,Mumbai

Organic Waste Converter excel industries,Mumbai

Biomethanation, Bio Gas Plant

Biomethanation is a process by which organic material is microbiologically converted under anaerobic conditions to biogas. Three main physiological groups of microorganisms are involved: fermenting bacteria, organic acid oxidizing bacteria, and methanogenic archaea. Microorganisms degrade organic matter via cascades of biochemical conversions to methane and carbon dioxide. Syntrophic relationships between hydrogen producers (acetogens) and hydrogen scavengers (homoacetogens, hydrogenotrophic methanogens, etc.) are critical to the process. Determination of practical and theoretical methane potential is very important for design for optimal process design, configuration, and effective evaluation of economic feasibility. A wide variety of process applications for biomethanation of wastewaters, slurries, and solid waste have been developed. They utilize different reactor types (fully mixed, plug-flow, biofilm, UASB, etc.) and process conditions (retention times, loading rates, temperatures, etc.) in order to maximize the energy output from the waste and also to decrease retention time and enhance process stability. Biomethanation has strong potential for the production of energy from organic residues and wastes. It will help to reduce the use of fossil fuels and thus reduce CO(2) emission.

Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21402222

Anaerobic digestion

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion Batch or continuous[edit]

Anaerobic digestion can be performed as a batch process or a continuous process. In a batch system biomass is added to the reactor at the start of the process. The reactor is then sealed for the duration of the process. In its simplest form batch processing needs inoculation with already processed material to start the anaerobic digestion. In a typical scenario, biogas production will be formed with a normal distribution pattern over time. Operators can use this fact to determine when they believe the process of digestion of the organic matter has completed. There can be severe odour issues if a batch reactor is opened and emptied before the process is well completed. A more advanced type of batch approach has limited the odour issues by integrating anaerobic digestion with in-vessel composting. In this approach inoculation takes place through the use of recirculated degasified percolate. After anaerobic digestion has completed, the biomass is kept in the reactor which is then used for in-vessel composting before it is opened ^[28] As the batch digestion is simple and requires less equipment and lower levels of design work, it is typically a cheaper form of digestion.^[29] Using more than one batch reactor at a plant can ensure constant production of biogas.

In continuous digestion processes, organic matter is constantly added (continuous complete mixed) or added in stages to the reactor (continuous plug flow; first in – first out). Here, the end products are constantly or periodically removed, resulting in constant production of biogas. A single or multiple digesters in sequence may be used. Examples of this form of anaerobic digestion include continuous stirred-tank reactors, upflow anaerobic sludge blankets, expanded granular sludge beds and internal circulation reactors.^[30][31]

Decentralised integrated solid waste, waste water and solar energy project at New Motibagh, New Delhi

decentralised integrated solid waste, waste water and solar energy project at New Motibagh, New Delhi

please read http://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/the-waste-conundrum-44092

Waste Water Management: About 70% of the 8 lakh litres of water supplied to the residents, that is, 5.6 lakh litres of waste water generated is treated in a decentralized waste water treatment plant within the campus using the Moving Bed Bio-reactor (MBBR) technology. There is a net savings of Rs.5 lakhs per annum due to direct and indirect savings from a decentralized Waste Water Treatment plant (WWTP) in the campus whose running cost is Rs.55.55 lakhs as opposed to the centralized sewerage system costing Rs.60.62 lakhs.  

The energy savings from 300 solar street lights at the GPRA complex, covering internal roads, common areas, parking lots and bunglows, help in saving Rs.32.28 lakhs per annum. Along with solar water heaters, the savings on electricity is close to Rs.35 lakhs a year.     

Therefore, a decentralised integrated solid waste, waste water and energy project for about 1000 households can achieve clean and green surroundings and financial savings to the tune of Rs.40-50 lakhs per annum