HOME BIO GAS PLANT FOR A SMALL FAMILY 1 CUM 30 kg cow dung

 HOME BIOGAS PLANT FOR A SMALL FAMILY 1 CUM OF BIO GAS PER DAY

Gas Volume :

One Cu. Mtr. Bio Gas runs approximately 1 Hour at a time. One can cook three meals per day by using 1 cum Bio Gas Plant.1 cum of biogas is equal to 0.43 kg of LPG.We can use Bio Gas frequently about three times a day with an interval of around 2 to 3 hours.

About 8 kg. of kitchen or poultry waste/ 30 kg cow dung( 3 cows) / 20 kg buffallo dung   is required for 1 cum of raw bio gas.This is equal to one gas cylinders per month

One cow produces an average of 10 kg of wet dung a day, equivalent to approximately 2 kg of dry matter.

It has been demonstrated that gas produced from the dung gobar of at least three cows(30kg)  is sufficient to replace about 75 percent of the fuel wood normally used by a family of six people (Dalibard, 1995).

The gas generated will have 60 to 70% methane, 5 to 10% water vapour (moisture) and the balance will be Carbon-di-oxide.
Gas coming out of the plant can be used in the kitchen with the help of biogas stove while the slurry coming out from the outlet can be used as manure. 

30 kg cow dung bio gas plant giving raw bio gas 1 CUM

An one thousand liter capacity Digestion tank will be sufficient for a small household for daily cooking purpose.

1000 liter water tank sintex or eqvt (Fixed dome biogas digester) , inlet pipe, outlet pipe, gas pipe(10 Feet length) , gas control valve and user manual: TOTAL COST  INR 25,000/=Ex Delhi, GST included. (Transport and packaging extra)

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KITCHEN WASTE BIO GAS PLANT FOR A SMALL FAMILY: 2CUM is the ideal plant

 

Gas Generation Capacity	SIZE OF TANKS (PVC)		Mix Kitchen Waste / day	Water / day	Initial Cow Dung charging
	DIA	HEIGHT
0.5 Cu. Mtr	1600	1100	2.5 Kg	2.5 Litrs of Water	20 Kg
1.0 Cu. Mtr	2100	1500	5 Kg	5 Litrs of Water	25 Kg
1.5 Cu. Mtr	2300	1650	10 Kg	10 Litrs of Water	30 Kg
2.0 Cu. Mtr.	2550	1800	20 Kg	20 Litrs of Water	35 Kg

How it works for KITCHEN WASTE :

The main digester is initially fed with fresh cow dung slurry so that slurry comes out from the slurry outlet pipe. The ratio of dung and water should be 1:1 Subsequently, cattle dung is not needed. Now wait for biogas production to start in the newly installed plant. It may take 2-3 days for the first production of gas.

As gas starts producing, one can start feeding the plant daily with  kitchen / vegetable waste in a small quantity and increase it to the recommended quantity after one week.. The ratio of kitchen waste and water should be 1:1.This will facilitate easy flow of waste through inlet  into  the  bio-methanization  plant.  The  value  of    pH  of  the  kitchen  waste  should  be ideally kept  at 7 for optimum production of biogas. Make a slurry of lime by adding one kg lime with 10 liter of water and add it into the digester chamber to make pH 7. Check with pH paper whether the pH is 7 or not regularly.

LOCATION:  Always in a sunny area where temperature is high (30 degree) and as near to kitchen as possible so that gas pipe length is less.

OPERATING COST : The operating cost of Bio Gas plant is very less.  All what required for 1 Cu. Mtr Bio Gas plant is  5 to 6 Kg of Kitchen waste / on dry weight basis. Break even period is approximately 5 to 6 years if Gas is used for cooking application   

   

Biomethanation, UASBR, Bio Gas Plant

Biomethanation is a process by which organic material is microbiologically converted under anaerobic conditions to biogas. Three main physiological groups of microorganisms are involved: fermenting bacteria, organic acid oxidizing bacteria, and methanogenic archaea. Microorganisms degrade organic matter via cascades of biochemical conversions to methane and carbon dioxide. Syntrophic relationships between hydrogen producers (acetogens) and hydrogen scavengers (homoacetogens, hydrogenotrophic methanogens, etc.) are critical to the process. Determination of practical and theoretical methane potential is very important for design for optimal process design, configuration, and effective evaluation of economic feasibility. A wide variety of process applications for biomethanation of wastewaters, slurries, and solid waste have been developed. They utilize different reactor types (fully mixed, plug-flow, biofilm, UASB, etc.) and process conditions (retention times, loading rates, temperatures, etc.) in order to maximize the energy output from the waste and also to decrease retention time and enhance process stability. Biomethanation has strong potential for the production of energy from organic residues and wastes. It will help to reduce the use of fossil fuels and thus reduce CO(2) emission.

Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21402222

Anaerobic digestion

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion Batch or continuous[edit]

Anaerobic digestion can be performed as a batch process or a continuous process. In a batch system biomass is added to the reactor at the start of the process. The reactor is then sealed for the duration of the process. In its simplest form batch processing needs inoculation with already processed material to start the anaerobic digestion. In a typical scenario, biogas production will be formed with a normal distribution pattern over time. Operators can use this fact to determine when they believe the process of digestion of the organic matter has completed. There can be severe odour issues if a batch reactor is opened and emptied before the process is well completed. A more advanced type of batch approach has limited the odour issues by integrating anaerobic digestion with in-vessel composting. In this approach inoculation takes place through the use of recirculated degasified percolate. After anaerobic digestion has completed, the biomass is kept in the reactor which is then used for in-vessel composting before it is opened ^[28] As the batch digestion is simple and requires less equipment and lower levels of design work, it is typically a cheaper form of digestion.^[29] Using more than one batch reactor at a plant can ensure constant production of biogas.

In continuous digestion processes, organic matter is constantly added (continuous complete mixed) or added in stages to the reactor (continuous plug flow; first in – first out). Here, the end products are constantly or periodically removed, resulting in constant production of biogas. A single or multiple digesters in sequence may be used. Examples of this form of anaerobic digestion include continuous stirred-tank reactors, upflow anaerobic sludge blankets, expanded granular sludge beds and internal circulation reactors.^[30][31]

SIVIK SYSTEM COST CHART OF A BIO GAS PLANT

02.05.2004 SIVIK SYSTEM IS A LICENSEE OF  BARC BIO GAS PLANT. ENVO is associated with SIVIK system for execution of plants..

HOW TO START UP AND RUN A BIO GAS PLANT

FOR MORE DETAILS

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STARTING UP A BIO GAS PLANT

POST NUMBER :08   Date : 02/05/2004
BIO GAS PLANT PROCESS DESCRIPTION:

Biotechnology process

stage one : hydrolysis by hydrolytic bactaria, conversion of extracellular molecules

stage two : thermophilic fermentation based on carbohydrates

stage three : synthesis of volatile fatty acids by acetogenic bacteria

stage four : synthesis of methane by methanogenic organisms

STARTING UP A BIO GAS PLANT:

OPERATION OF BIO GAS PLANT

FLOW CHART: CRUSHER(less than 7mm particle size)----thermophilic Aerobic digester(Temp 55 degree C  )---Mesophilic Anaerobic Digester(37 Degree C )---Manure Pit

Aspect	Bottlenecks	Remarks
CONTROLS	Check for Gas leaks	Check hood , pipe etc. Monthly checking of leakage by pressure system and or with soap water
	Cow dung slurry	Make slurry of cow dung and fresh water in the ratio 2kg dung 15 liter water (thumb rule 10% dung of water volume). Fill up the bio digester with the slurry.
	Slurry fermentation	Wait for slurry to form gas. It normally takes 3 to ten days.Gas formation can be seen by rising of floating dome or pressure gauge in fixed dome.
	Start of Feeding	Start fresh feeding after formation of gas. Start with small quantity of feed material in 1:1 ratio. After 15 days, start feeding full capacity.
	Complete Release of first gas produced	Gases should be released to the atmosphere at least three  times at a gap of three days each. It may be needed to be released more till methane percentage of 60% reached .Do a sample bio gas test to know exact position of gas produced.
Technical	Improper preparation of influent solids leading to blockage and scum formation	Proper milling and other treatment measures (pre- soaking, adjustment of C/N ratio); removal of inert particles: sand and stone.
	Temperature fluctuations	Careful regulation of temperature through use of incorporation of auxiliary solar heating system.
	Maintenance of pH for optimal growth of Methanogenic bacteria C/N ratio	Appropriate choice of raw material, regulation of C/N ratio and dilution rate. Appropriate mixing of N-rich and N-poor substrates with cellulosic substrates.
	Dilution ratio of influent solids content	Appropriate treatment of raw materials to avoid stratification and scum formation.
	Retention time of slurry	Dependent upon dilution ratio, loading rate, digestion temperature.
	Loading rate	Dependent upon digester size, dilution ratio, digestion temperature.
	Seeding of an appropriate bacterial Population for biogas generation	Development of specific and potent cultures.
	Corrosion of gas holder	Construction from cheap materials (glass fibre, clay, jute-fibre reinforced plastic) and/or regular cleaning and layering with protective materials (e.g., lubricating oil).
	Pin-hole leakages (digester tank, holder, inlet, outlet)	Establishment of "no leak" conditions, use of external protective coating materials (PVC, creosotes
	Occurrence of CO2 reducing calorific value of biogas	Reduction in CO2 content through passage in lime-water
	Occurrence of water condensate in gas supply system (blockage, rusting)	Appropriate drainage system using condensate traps
	Occurrence of H2S leading to corrosion	On a village scale, H2S removed by passing over ferric oxide or iron filings
	Improper combustion	Proper air gas  mixing appliances necessary
	Maintenance of gas supply at constant pressure	Regulation of uniform distribution and use of gas; removal of water condensate from piping systems; appropriate choice of gas holder in terms of weight and capacity
Residue utilization	Risks to health and plant crops resulting from residual accumulation of toxic materials and encysted pathogens	Avoid use of chemical industry effluents; more research on type, nature, and die-off rates of persisting organisms; minimize long transportation period of un-dried effluent
Health	Hazards to human health in transporting night soil and other wastes (gray-water)	Linkage of latrine run-offs into biogas reactors promotes non-manual operations and general aesthetics
Safety	Improper handling and storage of methane	Appropriate measures necessary for plant operation, handling, and storage of biogas through provision of extension and servicing facilities

DO NOT USE eggshells, Onion peels or left-over bones in this system as they will affect the efficient functioning of the system

Hazards: Methane in a concentration of 6 to 15 percent with air is an explosive mixture. Since it is lighter than air, it will collect in rooftops and other enclosed areas. It is relatively odorless and detection may be difficult. Extreme caution and special safety features are necessary in the digester design and storage tank

POSTED BY SALEEM ASRAF SYED IMDAADULLAH AT 5/02/2004 11:13:00 PM

Cost details, saving and payback period from a biogas plant:

The cost details and the savings envisaged from the plant are given in the following table. The life of the plant could be 20-30 years and payback period is 4-5 years.

Capacity (Tons / Day)	Installation Cost (Rs In Lacks)	Monthly Operation and Maintenance Charges (Rs)	Methane Generation M3	Manure production (tons /day)	Area Required M2	Power	Manpower	Fresh Water (KL /day)	Hot water (Ltr / day of 50-60 C0)	Cooking Fuel (Equivalent to LPG Cyl / day)
1	8-10	8,000/-	100-120	0.1	300	5hp(2hr)	2	2	200	2-3
2	10-12	12,000/-	200-240	0.2	500	5hp(3hr)	3	3	400	4-5
4	20-22	22,000/-	400-480	0.3	700	5hp(3hr)	4	5	400	8-10
5	28-30	30,000/-	500-600	0.5	800	10hp (4hr)	5	7	600	12-14 (25Kw)
10	65-70	50,000/-	1000-1200	2.5	1200	15hp (4hr)	10	15	1000	22-25 (50Kw)

* This is an approximate cost for biogas generation plant and may increase by 10%–20%, depending on location, site-specific parameters, cost of materials, labour cost, etc., in different states/cities. Cost of additional infrastructure like office space, toilets, security, Godown, Shades and power generation will be extra, if required.

Rs – rupees; m3 – cubic meters; m2 – square meters; h – hour; kL – kilolitre; LPG – liquefied petroleum gas; kW – kilowatt; cyl –