Bio Gas plant from Kitchen Waste and other bio degradable solid waste

Bio Gas plant from Kitchen Waste and other bio degradable solid waste

Proven on wide range of wastes and feedstocks including

• Livestock and agricultural wastes
• Biomass
• Sewage and industrial sludges
• MSW and catering wastes
• Food industry wastes
• Vegetable market waste
• Restaurant Waste
• Farm House/Cattle manure waste
• Slaughter House/Tannery waste
• Presumed waste

Suitable locations for installation of plant
Hotel premises, army/big establishment canteens (private/ government), residential schools/colleges, housing colonies, religious places / temple trusts, hospitals, hotels, sewage treatment plants, villages, etc.






The Principle:

Add bio degradable Solid waste to a  mixer to process the waste before putting it into predigestor tank. The waste is converted in slurry by mixing with water  in this mixture.

Use of thermophilic microbes for faster degradation of the waste. The growth of thermophiles in the predigestor tank is assured by mixing the waste with hot water and maintaining the temperature in the range of 55-60oC. The hot water supply is from a solar heater. Even one-hour sunlight is sufficient per day to meet the needs of hot water.

After the predigestor tank the slurry enters the main tank where it undergoes mainly anaerobic degra-dation by a consortium of archae-bacteria belonging to Methanococcus group. These bacteria are naturally present in the alimentary canal of ruminant animals (cattle). They produce mainly methane from the cellulosic materials in the slurry.

The undigested lignocellulosic and hemicellulosic materials then are passed on in the settling tank. After about a month high quality manure can be dug out from the settling tanks. There is no odour to the manure at all. The organic contents are high and this can improve the quality of humus in soil, which in turn is responsible for the fertility.

As the gas is generated in the main tank, the dome is slowly lifted up. This gas is a mixture of methane (70-75%), carbondioxide (10-15%) and water vapours (5-10%). It is taken through GI pipeline to the lamp posts. Drains for condensed water vapour are provided on line. This gas burns with a blue flame and can be used for cooking as well.

The gas generated in this plant is used for gas lights fitted around the plant. The potential use of this gas would be for a canteen. The manure generated is high quality and can be used in fields.

This manure can be supplied to farmers at the rate of 4-5 Rs. per Kg. Alternatively municipal gardens and local gardens can be assured of regular manure from this biogas plant.

Biomethanation, UASBR, Bio Gas Plant

Biomethanation is a process by which organic material is microbiologically converted under anaerobic conditions to biogas. Three main physiological groups of microorganisms are involved: fermenting bacteria, organic acid oxidizing bacteria, and methanogenic archaea. Microorganisms degrade organic matter via cascades of biochemical conversions to methane and carbon dioxide. Syntrophic relationships between hydrogen producers (acetogens) and hydrogen scavengers (homoacetogens, hydrogenotrophic methanogens, etc.) are critical to the process. Determination of practical and theoretical methane potential is very important for design for optimal process design, configuration, and effective evaluation of economic feasibility. A wide variety of process applications for biomethanation of wastewaters, slurries, and solid waste have been developed. They utilize different reactor types (fully mixed, plug-flow, biofilm, UASB, etc.) and process conditions (retention times, loading rates, temperatures, etc.) in order to maximize the energy output from the waste and also to decrease retention time and enhance process stability. Biomethanation has strong potential for the production of energy from organic residues and wastes. It will help to reduce the use of fossil fuels and thus reduce CO(2) emission.

Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21402222

Anaerobic digestion

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion Batch or continuous[edit]

Anaerobic digestion can be performed as a batch process or a continuous process. In a batch system biomass is added to the reactor at the start of the process. The reactor is then sealed for the duration of the process. In its simplest form batch processing needs inoculation with already processed material to start the anaerobic digestion. In a typical scenario, biogas production will be formed with a normal distribution pattern over time. Operators can use this fact to determine when they believe the process of digestion of the organic matter has completed. There can be severe odour issues if a batch reactor is opened and emptied before the process is well completed. A more advanced type of batch approach has limited the odour issues by integrating anaerobic digestion with in-vessel composting. In this approach inoculation takes place through the use of recirculated degasified percolate. After anaerobic digestion has completed, the biomass is kept in the reactor which is then used for in-vessel composting before it is opened ^[28] As the batch digestion is simple and requires less equipment and lower levels of design work, it is typically a cheaper form of digestion.^[29] Using more than one batch reactor at a plant can ensure constant production of biogas.

In continuous digestion processes, organic matter is constantly added (continuous complete mixed) or added in stages to the reactor (continuous plug flow; first in – first out). Here, the end products are constantly or periodically removed, resulting in constant production of biogas. A single or multiple digesters in sequence may be used. Examples of this form of anaerobic digestion include continuous stirred-tank reactors, upflow anaerobic sludge blankets, expanded granular sludge beds and internal circulation reactors.^[30][31]

Decentralised integrated solid waste, waste water and solar energy project at New Motibagh, New Delhi

decentralised integrated solid waste, waste water and solar energy project at New Motibagh, New Delhi

please read http://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/the-waste-conundrum-44092

Waste Water Management: About 70% of the 8 lakh litres of water supplied to the residents, that is, 5.6 lakh litres of waste water generated is treated in a decentralized waste water treatment plant within the campus using the Moving Bed Bio-reactor (MBBR) technology. There is a net savings of Rs.5 lakhs per annum due to direct and indirect savings from a decentralized Waste Water Treatment plant (WWTP) in the campus whose running cost is Rs.55.55 lakhs as opposed to the centralized sewerage system costing Rs.60.62 lakhs.  

The energy savings from 300 solar street lights at the GPRA complex, covering internal roads, common areas, parking lots and bunglows, help in saving Rs.32.28 lakhs per annum. Along with solar water heaters, the savings on electricity is close to Rs.35 lakhs a year.     

Therefore, a decentralised integrated solid waste, waste water and energy project for about 1000 households can achieve clean and green surroundings and financial savings to the tune of Rs.40-50 lakhs per annum

Bio Remediation--Microbes Cleaning Up the Environment

Bioremediation is a waste management technique that involves the use of organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants from a contaminated site. According to the EPA,bioremediation is a “treatment that uses naturally occurring organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non toxic substances”.

Microbes are often used to remedy environmental problems found in soil, water, and sediments. 

We have done the following Technologies in bioremediation

1. Composting for MSW 

2. Aerated Lagoon for waste water

3.Rotating biological contactor for waste water
Watch videos:
https://vimeo.com/tag:bioremediation

BIO GAS PLANT FLOW CHART

FLOW CHART OF A BIO GAS PLANT

 DESIGN OF KITCHEN WASTE BIO GAS PLANTS

Source : http://www.slideshare.net/salinsasi/biomethanation-of-organic-waste

YOU NEED AN EXPERT TO DESIGN A PROPER ECONOMICAL EFFICIENT SYSTEM.WE ARE WORKING SINCE 1994.

WE USE AN INNOCULUM WHICH INCREASES THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SYSTEM.

HOW TO DESIGN A BIO GAS PLANT--- SOLVED EXAMPLE

 FLOW CHART

ALL ABOUT DESIGN OF BIO GAS PLANT

The two commonly used types of bio-gas plants are:

a) Floating drum type, and

b) Fixed dome type.

The commonly used model of bio-gas plants are: 

a) Floating drum design:

i) KVIC model, 

ii) Pre-fabricated ferro-cement digester model, and 

iii) Pragati model. 

b) Fixed dome type: 

i) Janta model, and 

ii) Deenbandhu model.

Source: https://archive.org/stream/gov.in.is.9478.1989/is.9478.1989_djvu.txt

Design Parameters taken for  Bio Methanation

·         Feed Substrate Total Solid Concentration(TSC):  8-9 % (For Cow dung)

·         Ratio of Dung to Water: 1:1

·         Bio Gas produced : 0.06 cu mtr / kg dung (Summer 47 degree)

·         0.03 cu mtr / kg dung (winter 8 degree)

·         Temperature : 35 degree centigrade

·         PH – 7-8

·         Retention Time : 30 days (For temp 25-35 Degree Cent)

·         Depth of the plant is between 4 to 6 m according to the size

·         Depth to diameter ratio between 1.0 to 1.3

·         When the digester diameter exceeds 1.6 m, a partition wall is provided in the digester

·         Average gas production from dung may be taken as 40 lit/kg. of fresh dung

·         One Cu. m gas is equivalent to 1000 litres

DESIGN EXAMPLE OF BIO GAS PLANT
http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80362e/80362E0j.htm
FIG. 3. Chinese Biogas Plant Design
The digester is of standard KIVC design, consisting of a cylindrical underground chamber using 23-cm (9 in.) brick walls and a concrete floor. It has two standard 10-cm (4 in.) cement household pipes for the inlet and outlet. A feed trough, slurry pit, and soaking pit for the digested slurry are provided. Figure 1 shows the details. The only departure from the standard design is provision of a water trough to hold the gas holder (as explained below).
The gas holder consists of a geodesic dome made of wood, to which a vinyl balloon is secured. The balloon is made of heat-sealed vinyl fabric available on the market. The whole assembly sits inside a water trough that serves two purposes: it prevents gas leakage through the water seal if filled with 20 to 30 cm of water, and it helps to anchor the balloon. Hooks around the gas dome also help to secure the structure so that it does not blow off under pressure. The dome struts and hubs were made as shown in figure 2A and B.

Design of Biogas Plant
Number of cows	4
Assuming 1 cow produces	10 kg of dung/day
Amount of dung produced by 4 cows	40 kg
Amount of gas produced by 1 kg of dung	0.05 m�
Amount of gas produced by 40 kg of dung	2 m�
Daily requirement of gas for cooking and lighting
for 1 person	0.5 to 0.6 m�
2 m� of gas per day will provide cooking and lighting for	2/ 0.6 to 2/0.5= 3 or 4 persons

The volume of the fermentation well should be at least 30 times as large as the daily input. Since manure is usually retained in the fermentation well for about six weeks, it is desirable for the well to be about 45 times the volume of the daily input.

Using a 1:1 ratio of cow dung and water:
Daily input of cow dung	40 kg
Daily input of water	40 kg
Total input	80 kg
Volume of the well required
(45 times the daily input)	80 x 45 = 3,600 kg
100 kg of dung and water occupy	1 m�
3,600 kg of dung and water occupy	3.6 m�
Digester tank capacity required	3.6 m�

The gas holder volume should be enough for 60 to 70 per cent of one day's production.

70 % of 2 m� gas	[70 x 2] /100 = 1.4 m�
Digester tank capacity	3.6 m�
Gas holder capacity required	1.4 m�

Size of the Digestion Tank
Assume 1.75 m as the internal diameter of the digestion tank.

The depth required will be	1.5 m
Using a 20 cm thick wall, the external diameter will be	1.75+0.2+0.2m = 2.15 m

Size of the Gas Holder
A hemispherical PVC balloon is used as the gas collecter.

Assuming diameter of the dome to be	1.9 m
Volume of the dome (half sphere)	1.795 m�

Design of Dome to Support the Gas Holder
Type	2 frequency dome,Class I,
	Method I
Diameter of dome	1.95 m
Radius of dome	0.975 m = 38.38 in.
Length of struts (including hubs)
Long struts	radius of dome x 0.618= 23.75 in.
Short struts	radius of dome x 0.5465= 21 in.
Distance from centre of hub to centre of hole at end of strut	2.75 in.
Length from centres of holes at each end of strut to ends of strut	1.5 in.
Actual length of long struts	23.75 in. - (2 x 2.75 in.)
	+ (2 x 1.5 in.) = 21.25 in.
Hole-to-hole distance	18.25 in.
Actual length of short struts	21 in. - (2 x 2.75 in.)+ (2 x 1.5 in.) = 18.5 in.
Hole-to-hole distance	15.5 in.
Number of long struts required	35
Number of short struts required	30
Number of five-element hubs required	6
Number of six-element hubs required	20

How much Biogas can I produce?

The following is a calculator for estimating the amount of biogas your operation can produce. The calculator is a guideline only and should not be used for design purposes.

Choose the biogas production number that applies to your operation...
Example: 600 sow farrow to finish operation, choose Farrow to Finish 

Hogs

Cubic metres biogas per hog per year

Farrow to Finish

720

Farrow to Wean

222

Farrowing

174

Weaner

24

Feeder

78

Dairy

Cubic metres biogas per cow per year

Freestall

860

Multiply the number of animals by biogas production number...
Example: 600 hogs x 720 m³ biogas / hog / yr = 432000 m³ biogas / year

Multiply the result by the numbers below for cogeneration of electricity and heat...

____________ x 1.7 kWh/ m³ biogas = _________ kWh of electricity per year
____________ x 7.7 MJ/ m³ biogas = _________ MJ of heat per year

Multiply the result by the numbers below for heat production using boiler....
____________ x 15 MJ/ m³ biogas = _________ MJ of heat per year

waste to energy plants consultancy providing design and supply of Biogas plants, Anaerobic Digestion (Bio Methanation)

http://www.wasteworks.ie/   Wasteworks international consultancy providing design and supply of
Biogas, Anaerobic Digestion and Reedbeds and Wetlands systems

ANAEROBIC DIGESTER SYSTEMS

Proven on wide range of wastes and feedstocks including

• Livestock and agricultural wastes
• Biomass
• Sewage and industrial sludges
• MSW and catering wastes
• Food industry wastes
• Vegetable market waste
• Restaurant Waste
• Farm House/Cattle manure waste
• Slaughter House/Tannery waste
• Presumed waste

Biogas

www.biogasproducts.co.uk
Wasteworks is process consultant to UK Biogas Supplier Biogas Products Ltd,

www.epswater.com
Wasteworks is a long-term AD consultant to EPSwater

www.enviroserv.co.za
Wasteworks is biogas design consultant to Enviroserv of South Africa developing and supplying AD plants in Africa

Quantity of Solid Waste Generation

Considering an average garbage generation per capita per day as 0.450 Kg, we can assume a total garbage generation for a population of 100,000 as 45,000 Kg per day

MSW CONSULTANT

Plastic waste recycling industry in DELHI : The quantity of plastic wastes generated in Delhi is estimated to be 300 mt per day.Plastic waste collection and segregation, recycling and reprocessing systems and promoting end-product applications with desired recyclable component based on Guidelines for Recycling of Plastics to be issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards.

we do consultancy for that.

Landfill Leachate Treatment

Landfill Leachate Treatment

Landfill leachate is generated from liquids existing in the waste as it enters a landfill or from rainwater that passes through the waste within the facility. The leachate consists of different organic and inorganic compounds that may be either dissolved or suspended. An important part of maintaining a landfill is managing the leachate through proper treatment methods designed to prevent pollution into surrounding ground and surface waters

The physical appearance of leachate when it emerges from a typical landfill site is a strongly odoured black, yellow or orange coloured cloudy liquid. The smell is acidic and offensive and may be very pervasive because of hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur rich organic species such asmercaptans.

If leachates have a distinguishing characteristic, it is that they are variable.  Flows change based on the weather  – increasing during rainy periods, decreasing during dry and waste concentrations can change dramatically over the life of the landfill.   As a result, no landfill leachate is constant over time, and no two leachates are the same.

When the landfill is a few years old the dominated fermentation phase is acidogenic and the leachate generated is generally referred as “young”.In that case, COD and BOD reaches very high concentrations. The ratio of BOD/COD is higherthan 0.7 and pH is low due to the high concentrations VFAs. Landfill grater than 10 years old aregenerally in the methanogenic phase and theleachate generated is referred to as “old”. Duringthe methanogenic phase, bacterias are degradingthe VF-acids and reduce the organic strength ofleachate, leading to the pH value higher than 7.In “old” leachate BOD decreases faster than CODand the radio BOD/COD is stabilized on the levelless than 0.2 [2,4].Anaerobic treatmentprocess is used mainly for young landfill leachate,which BOD5 and BOD5/COD ratio is very high[2]. However, Kettunen, et al. [10] performedthe treatment with UASB reactor were municipal landfill leachate was having COD higher than800 mg × dm−3 and the BOD/COD radio washigher than 0.3.Anaerobic processes of landfill leachate inUASB reactor allow complete removal of CODfrom 65 to 76% and BOD5 removal beyond90% [11].

 

Table 1

Characteristics of landfill leachate 

Parameter Value

COD, mg O2 × dm−3 3500–4200

BOD5, mg O2 × dm−3 380–420

pH 8.2–8.4

Alkalinity mg CaCO3 × dm−3 4900–5200

Chloride mg Cl−× dm−3 1800–2500

Ammonia nitrogen, mg NH4+× dm−3890–994

VFA, mg CH3COOH × dm−3 500–900

landfill leachate  quantity , 5%

UNITS OF TREATMENT OF LANDFILL LEACHATE:

1.      Collection Sump: Areas in which rainfall is higher than average typically have larger sumps. A further criterion for sump planning is accounting for the pump capacity. The relationship of pump capacity and sump size is inversed. If the pump capacity is low, the volume of the sump should be larger than average. It is critical for the volume of the sump to be able to store the expected leachate between pumping cycles. This relationship helps maintain a healthy operation. Sump pumps can function with preset phase times. If the flow is not predictable, a predetermined leachate height level can automatically switch the system on. Other conditions for sump planning are maintenance and pump drawdown. Collection pipes typically convey the leachate by gravity to one or more sumps, depending upon the size of the area drained. Leachate collected in the sump is removed by pumping.

2.    UASB Reactor:

3.     Clarifier Tank :

4.    Clear Water Tank:

5.     Activated Carbon Filter:

LITERATURE STUDY: WASTE TO ENERGY CONCEPTS

Energy recovery as electric power is a feature of all waste-to-energy systems.

Evaluation of the applicability of the technologies of biomethanation, gasification/pyrolysis,incineration and landfilling as Waste-to-Energy options, and their comparison against composting as a competing technology for waste disposal, has shown the following:

• Biomethanation has emerged as a favoured technology for various urban and industrial waste.

• Gasification/pyrolysis have a distinct promise, and although there are limitations to its uptake, these can be overcome as the technology matures.

• Incineration is a mature technology for energy recovery from urban and industrial wastes and has been sucessfully commercialized in the developed countries. The recent focus has been on environmental compliance due to which it will become an expensive option.

• The present trend is in favour of material recovery facilities and a shift away from landfills for MSW disposal in developed countries.

• Compositing is not a WTE option and does not come out as worthwhile waste treatment process.

• Technologies like landfill with gas recovery and composting can become viable options for certain locations in India, as a short to medium term option.

 

Landfill Leachate Treatment Technologies

Landfill leachate may be characterized as a water-based solution of four groups of contaminants ; dissolved organic matter (alcohols, acids, aldehydes, short chain sugars etc.), inorganic macro components (common cations and anions including sulfate, chloride, Iron, aluminium, zinc and ammonia), heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cu, Hg) , and xenobiotic organic compounds such as halogenatedorganics, (PCBs, dioxins, etc.).^[4]

Leachate treatment technologies fall into two basic types, biological and physical/chemical. In larger systems and depending on the treatment goals, integrated systems which combine the two are often used.
The typical processes used for pretreatment include equalization, aeration, pH adjustment and metals removal.

The most common biological treatment is activated sludge - a suspended-growth process that uses aerobic microorganisms to biodegrade organic contaminants in leachate. With conventional activated-sludge treatment, the leachate is aerated in an open tank with diffusers or mechanical aerators. After the aeration phase, the mixed liquor of microorganisms and leachate is pumped to a gravity clarifier.

The rotating biological contactor (RBC) is an attached-growth, aerobic, biological treatment process in which a series of discs are partially submerged in a tank of leachate. The disks eventually develop a slime layer, then rotational shear forces strip off the excess solids and carry them with the effluent to a clarifier, where they are settled and separated from the treated waste.

The carbon technique removes dissolved organics from the leachate. Although carbon systems may be useful with some older leachates, the cost of the carbon in the regeneration stage can make the process one of the most expensive treatment options.

Advanced Treatment The new landfill regulations have made some treatment systems obsolete. Many landfill operators are now choosing new systems that produce a cleaner effluent and can reduce capital and operating expenses. Such systems include:

* Recirculation and Injection. Direct recirculation distributes the leachate onto the landfill in a semi-closed loop process. While promising, this system has limitations of recirculating 100 percent of the leachate without literally soaking the landfill.

* Membrane Solution. Membrane technology can be adapted to many steps of purification and keep clean-up standards at a high level. Membranes can remove contaminants without extensive biological infrastructure or toxic chemicals.

* Reverse Osmosis (RO). Prior to 1988, reverse osmosis wasn't able to treat leachate successfully due to the core membrane design of spiral-wound modules, which were state-of-the-art at that time. While this method produced efficient results, it also promoted bio-fouling and premature clogging.

Disc Tube technology, developed by the Rochem Group, has been installed in more than 35 European landfills to treat feed waters that would foul conventional RO configurations. After the contaminated water is fed into the tubular chamber, its flow is controlled as it passes through a system of discs and over flat membrane cushions, removing clean water and concentrating the waste material. The turbulent flow reduces the membranes' tendency to scale or foul and requires cleaning less frequently.

The system removes heavy metals, suspended solids, ammonia and hazardous non-degradable organics including pesticides and herbicides without extensive pre-treatment systems. The pure water is clean enough for direct discharge into the environment and accounts for 75 to 92 percent of the leachate. The remaining concentrate can then be recycled to the landfill or further processed.

Siemens Water Technologies' PACT® systems combine biological treatment (activated sludge) with adsorption (powdered activated carbon) so that physical and biological treatment occur simultaneously. The system removes biodegradable and non-biodegradable pollutants in a single process

The most cost effective form of treatment for high levels of BOD, COD and ammonia is intense biological oxidation, and in the UK the sequential batch reactor is the most common technology used. The sequence batch reactor (SBR) is a form of activated sludge treatment.

Granular activated carbon, in combination with biological pretreatment, is a proven and economical technology which is effective in reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Adsorbable Organic Halogens (AOX), pesticides, solvents, organic compounds and other toxic substances to the strictest legal National and EC norms. The chemical composition and content of landfill leachate can vary greatly between landfill sites. The age of the landfill, type of waste and treatment processes already in operation are the parameters to be considered.

COD levels can range from 200mg/l to 2000mg/l. Carbon consumption is normally dependent upon the COD adsorption rather than the AOX. Therefore COD will be the determining factor in estimating carbon consumption.

However, an aerobic system must be used after the UASB reactor for the effluent to meet the standards defined for the proposed disposal method.

 

Combined treatment of leachate from sanitary landfill and municipal wastewater by UASB reactors

This study showed the potential of anaerobic treatment in an UASB reactor treating a combination of domestic wastewater and leachate in a 5% volumetric ratio of leachate. Under these conditions the reactor assimilated properly the leachate fraction incorporated. With a HRT of 8 h and a mean volumetric organic load of 2.84 kg m(-3) d(-1) COD removal efficiencies around 70% were obtained,

When installing a leachate treatment system, choose a plan that will provide the maximum amount of long-term flexibility to assure compliance with future regulations and discharge standards.

LEACHATE RECYCLE  CONCEPT :The major objective of gas studies is directed towards maximizing production rates of gas by biodegradation of the waste while simultaneously reducing the period of time that gas is evolved by recycling leachate. It describes potential means of managing both leachate quality and quantity by leachate recirculation to aid in decomposition of the waste while also treating the organic material in the leachate and reducing the quantity of leachate that must be treated and hauled away from the site.

MSW PROJECTS IN INDIA & BIO GAS PLANT

----- Original Message -----

From: saleem asraf syed imdaadullah

To: goswami vivek

Sent: Sunday, September 14, 2008 2:42 PM

Subject: ITS A GAS BIO GAS

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Its_A_Gas/rssarticleshow/3477605.cms

San Antonio in the United States could become the first city to draw all its energy requirements from methane gas generated from the city's water treatment system through recycling 14,000 tonnes of biosolids in sewage annually. The methane source includes human waste that, if left untreated and unutilised, would only pollute soil and water.

Treating bio-waste, however, could generate an average of 1.5 million cubic feet of gas a day - enough to fill 1,250 tanker trucks daily - according to the system's chief operating officer. A by-product of human and organic waste, methane is the chief component of natural gas that can fuel generators, power plants and furnaces.

Closer home, gobar gas - natural gas obtained from methane released by cattle waste - as a green alternative to diesel and other fossil fuels has been taken up seriously, particularly in rural households. However, a lack of adequate hygiene is a constraint because the gas formation - in the large containers filled with gobar - makes the drum's lid rise, and there is spillage all around the plant. So, in India gobar gas plants are fertile breeding grounds for mosquitoes and other pests. But this is not an insurmountable problem. Gobar gas plants could be expanded and diversified to include energy extraction from all kinds of biomass and the gas so produced could fuel power stations - as San Antonio proposes to do - and with improved sanitation, the experiment could yield good results for several Indian cities.

As a renewable resource, biomass - either from plants, agriculture and forestry residues, animal or human waste - is biodegradable and so is far more eco-friendly than petroleum-derived fuels. And they are relatively easier to source and process, unlike the sophisticated instruments and know-how required to extract oil or refine coal. Ethanol derived from biofuels has a very high octane rating. It might deliver less energy than gasoline, but by blending about 10 per cent ethanol and petrol or diesel together, a feasible balance is achieved with no perceptible effect on fuel economy.

America's space agency NASA is sponsoring a joint project to turn human waste into a power source for spaceships using a process that could also produce other chemicals that can be used on board. Instead of turning up our noses at the idea of recycling human waste and other biosolids in sewage, it would be worthwhile to explore fully and exploit the immense potential hidden in what we routinely regard as being useless.

MSW projects ndia & leachate management

 

 

 

 

Source of article: http://greenenergysk.com/?p=14

Name of Project "SGRRL Municipal Solid Waste Project" at Mandur Village, Hoskote Taluk, Bangalore (East) District, Karnataka by M/s Srinivasa Gayathri Resource Recovery Ltd (SGRRL).

Location of the Project (Village / District / State) Mandur Village, Hoskote Taluk, Bangalore (East) District, Karnataka

Brief Description of the Project SGRR Ltd. is in the process of establishing and managing and integrated waste to energy facility comprising of a 1000 Tons Per Day (TPD) RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) Plant and a power plant of 8 MW in its Phase I activity. The RDF plant would be a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) treatment facility capable of producing a minimum of 300 TPD RDF which will be used for generating electricity.

Estimate of GHG abatement in tCO2 eq. 414601

Host Country Approval Status Approved

Project Owner / Proponent Srinivasa Gayathri Resource Recovery Ltd (SGRRL), No.87, KR Road, #303, Shreshta Bhumi Complex Bangalore-560 004, Karnataka Contact Person: Mr. B.R. Ashirwad Joint Managing Director

Baseline Methodology "Avoided emissions from organic waste through alternative waste treatment processes" – AM0025- Version 9, Sectoral Scope – 1, 13 dated 10th August, 2007.

Project Start date 22.06.2005 (Agreement signed with BBMP)

Project completion date Feb. 2009 (Financial closure document)
========http://indscanblog.com/2009/04/19/municipal-solid-waste-based-composting-at-kolhapur/
Estimate of GHG abatement in tCO2 eq. 96893

Host Country Approval Status Approved

Project Owner / Proponent Zoom Bio-Fertilizers Private Limited (ZBPL), Shivsagar Estate, Dr Annie Besant Road, 6th Floor, Devchand House, C Block, Worli, Mumbai- 400 018, Maharashtra. Contact Person: Mr. Samuel Kurian Sr. Manager Environment

Baseline Methodology Approved Small Scale Baseline Methodology AMS III F: "Avoidance of methane production from decay of biomass through composting", Version
=============
Name of Project "SESL 6 MW Municipal Solid Waste based power Project" at Vijayawada & Guntur, Andhra Pradesh by M/s Shriram Energy Systems Limited.

Location of the project (village / District / State) Vijayawada & Guntur, Andhra Pradesh

Brief Description of the project This first-of-kind project uses TIFAC assisted technology for refinement of MSW to produce fuel grade pellets and fluff. The plant processes the waste to generated RDF fluff, which is combusted, in a 28 TPH capacity boiler with 65 ata and 485 C configuration, as main fuel in the steam generator, the steam passes through steam turbine to generate power. For processing MSW, specially designed shredders, air density separators, conveyors and rotary screens are used. The power is sold to APTRANSCO.

Estimate of GHG abatement in tCO2 eq. 423368

Host Country Approval Status Approved

Project Owner / Proponent M/s Shriram Energy Systems Limited. Ameerpet, G-1, B Block, United Avenue (North End), Hyderabad 500 016 Andhra Pradesh Contact Person: Mr. Gopala Krishna Murthy, Managing Director, Fax: +91 (040) 2372 9551

Baseline methodology Approved AMS- III E: "Avoidance of Methane Production from Biomass decay through controlled combustion" AMS- ID: "Renewable Electricity Generation for the Grid"
=========http://indscanblog.com/2008/11/30/municipal-solid-waste-treatment-cum-energy-generation/
Brief Description of the project The project is based on the Municipal Solid Waste/ Land disposal (MSW). It contributes to environmental improvement and social development in many ways while also extracting the economic value of wastes. The project proposes to provide opportunity to the rag pickers who can collect the same recyclables from the plant thereby providing employment to poor local folks specially women. The project helps in bettering the environment in the city by a hygiene treatment of solid waste, therefore improve health standards. Global benefits associated with the project are the ones associated with the reduction of green house gases (methane & CO2) which cause global warming.

Estimate of GHG abatement in tCO2 eq. 1620000

Host Country Approval Status Approved

Project Owner / Proponent Asia Bioenergy India Limited (ABIL), 824, Pooonamallee, Near KMC Kilpauk, Chennai-600010 Tel: +91 (044) 26427577/26414705-08 Contact person: Mr. P. Subramani, M.D. Email: subbu@asiabioenergy.com

ABIL is the consortium of following three companies:
1. Enkem Engineers Private Limited (Enkem) 824, Pooonamallee, Near KMC
High Road, Chennai-600010 Tel: +91 (044) 6411362, 6428992 Email: enkem99@md3.vsnl.net

2. Entec UGM BH of Austria (Entec) Entee-Environment Technology UMWELTTECNIK GMBH Austria, 6972 FUSSACH, SCHILFWEG 1 (RSB-HAUS) Tel: +43-55783646

3. Jurong Engineering Limited, Singapore (Jurong), 25, Tanjong Kling Road, Jurong Town, Singapore 628050 Tel: +65-2653222 Fax: +65-2684211 Email: info@jel.com.sg
===============http://indscanblog.com/2009/05/15/methane-recovery-and-power-generation-from-sewage-treatment/
Name of Project "Methane recovery and power generation from sewage treatment plant by Surat Municipal Corporation, Gujarat, India" at Bhatar, Karanj and Singanpore of Surat District by M/s Surat Municipal Corporation.

Location of the Project (Village / District / State) Bhatar, Karanj and Singanpore of Surat District, Gujarat.

Brief Description of the Project The proposed project is planning to install a 3MW power plant based on Sewage gas obtained during sewage treatment process. Biogas is generated from the digesters during the anaerobic sludge treatment process in the sewage treatment plant. This biogas contains 60-75%CH4, 25-40%CO2 and H2S well below 0.5%. The H2S contained in biogas is highly corrosive and it is required to remove this hydrogen sulphide to the desired limit. The Biogas collecting blowers are used to collect the gas from the digesters, which blow the biogas to H2S scrubbing system to remove H2S from biogas. Then biogas could be used to generate electricity. The biogas holder is provided to boost the pressure of biogas to desired level for the biogas engine. Biogas engine type is spark ignited internal combustion engine. The electricity generated by biogas engine generator set is used to run various units of sewage treatment plant.

Estimate of GHG abatement in tCO2 eq. 281275
===========http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=36677
Converting Waste to Energy – Not So Green
By Keya Acharya

BANGALORE, Feb 22, 2007 (IPS) – A stream of protests has hit India's Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) for sanctioning municipal waste-to-energy (MWTE) projects that are collapsing under an avalanche of incombustible wastes.
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Brief Description of the project The purpose of the project essentially is to utilize available biomass in the region effectively for generation of electricity energy. This emphasis on conservation of environment through use of biomass fuel and Green House Gas (GHG) emission reduction, economic growth. The project has also reduced the ever-increasing demand and supply gap of electricity. The project has increase employment, create business opportunity for local stakeholders. Beside these, there are many benefits like:
• Proper utilization of surplus biomass.
• Generation of Eco-Friendly green power.
• Reduction of CO2 emission etc.
Therefore this project has excellent environment benefits in terms of reduction of carbon emission and coal resource conservation.

Estimate of GHG abatement in tCO2 eq. 178433

Host Country Approval Status Approved

Project Owner / Proponent Rithwik Energy Systems Limited (RESL) Lanco House, 141, avenue #8, Road No.2, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad-500 034 Contact person: Mr. Satya Ravula Sreenivas, Direcctor, Tel: +91 (040) 23556029 Fax: +91 (040) 23540438 Email: rssreenivas@lancogroup.com
=============================http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/environmental-services/2010060552845.htm
a2z Infrastructure commissions Asia's largest Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management Project in Kanpur ~ To set up India's first solid waste to power project in Kanpur; substantially powered by Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) ~

The technology adopted by the company to produce RDF is organic and ensures that the fuel is homogeneous in nature. RDF is also considered as a better replacement for coal and has much lesser emissions than coal.
a2z Infrastructure had earlier commenced the processing and disposal of the solid waste in October 2009 and currently processes 1,500 tonnes of municipal solid waste per day from a population of 31,16,263 in the city. This project has contributed to the reduction of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions by avoiding the methane generation from the wastes at the landfills. The entire project complies with all specifications and norms of the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO). The project is the only Integrated Resource Recovery Facility (IRRF) with varied portfolio of derivatives from the garbage.

The company also produces 150 tonnes of compost per day from municipal solid waste under the brand name of Vasundhara. This is the largest quantity of compost being produced by a single MSW player in the country. The quality of compost generated is as per the FCO (Fertilizer Control Order) Amendment, 2009 and is the only government certified compost in the country. The company also plans to scale compost production to 300 tonnes per day by August, 2010
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Project Salient Features- (i) A unique project and first of its kind in the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) sector in India, where in the entire aspects of MSW management i.e from Primary collection to disposal, including storage, secondary transportation, integrated processing and disposal are being planned together. (ii) A SPV in name of in name of Guwahati Waste Management Company Private Limited (GWMCPL) (100% shareholding of which shall be taken over by the successful developer) has been set up for implementing an integrated waste management facility including an integrated waste processing facility at Boragaon in Guwahati. The project would process 350 tonnes of waste per day. The Project Cost is estimated at Rs.(INR) 5200 Lakhs with a construction period of two years. Under "Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)"Scheme of Ministry of Urban Development, GoI the Grant of Rs (INR) 3516.71 Lakhs is approved for Solid Waste Management component. Out of total approved amount, approximately Rs31Crores of the grant is available to selected developer. (iii) The integrated waste processing facility would include conversion of Municipal Solid Waste into Compost, Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and generation of power using RDF at the Boragaon landfill site on Public- Private-Partnership (PPP) basis.
The Scope of Selected developer will include following (iii) Segregated collection of MSW through door-to-door waste collection system in Municipal boundaries of Guwahati city. (iv) Street Sweeping and Drain de-silting activities in Municipal boundaries of Guwahati city. (v) Storage of collected segregated waste from door-to-door waste collection, street sweeping and drain desilting in Secondary Collection Points. (vi) Transportation of waste from Secondary Collection Points to Project Site. (vii) Establishment of a project facility for conversion of Municipal Solid Waste into Compost Plant, Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and for generation of power using RDF at the Boragaon landfill site on Public Private Partnership (PPP) basis; (viii) To develop the Sanitary Landfill Site during the Term of the project (ix) To transport and dispose the Residual Inert Matter at the Landfill Site
For More Details Contact: Chief Executive officer, Infrastructure Development Corporation of Assam Limited Mezzanine Floor, Hotel Brahamputra Ashok Guwahati (Assam) Ph-0361-2731807 (D), 2732266,2732904, (M) 91-9954714226 Fax-0361-2731840 Email: shyam.mahanta@ilfsindia.com, manoj.panigraghi@ilfsindia.com, manoj.panigraghi@gmail.com
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Jaypee's Municipal Solid Waste Processing Plant inaugurated

Jaypee Associate has set up a municipal solid waste processing plant in Chandigarh, India, in association with Municipal Corporation Chandigarh, as a public-private partnership.
The plant shall be operational after about three months when complete process gets stabilised, he informed. Set up at a cost of Rs.30 crores on a 10 acres land, the plant which is one of its kind in northern India, has the installed capacity to process 500 ton per day of municipal solid waste, which will be converted into refuse-derived fuel to be used in a thermal power plant in Ropar and a cement plant of Jaypee Group in Himachal Pradesh. Mr. Pradeep Mehra, Advisor to the Administrator, said that the leaves sheded by trees in the city, which is the greenest city in the country today, shall also be processed in the plant for converting to fuel pellets.
The plant is fully-covered to minimise exposure to atmosphere, and arrangements to spray culture on the garbage to eliminate insects, flies and odour have also been made. All critical equipment have been imported from Dopastadt Germany and the plant has been commissioned successfully in the supervision of German engineers, which has a fully-equipped laboratory, a workshop, and a fully-automatic control room, effluent treatment plant and fire safety equipment.
Notes to Editor
Jaypee Associates Limited is a Rs.4500 crore company that has set up in Chandigarh, the north India's first municipal waste processing plant at a cost of Rs.30 crore, in association with the Municipal Corporation Chandigarh.
All critical equipment i.e. primary shredder, secondary shredder, and ballistic separator have been imported from world renowned M/s Dopastadt Calbe Gmbh, Germany
…………
Jaiprakash Associates Ltd

63, Basant Lok
Vasant Vihar
New Delhi -110 057
India
Tel: 91/1126141540
URL: http://www.jilindia.com
================http://www.pbsj.com/Contact_Us/Pages/default.aspx
Bioreactor Landfills

PBS&J is very familiar with a wide range of leachate treatment technologies, including recirculation, in which leachate is transferred from the bottom of the landfill to the top. We have been closely involved with organizations that are refining the process of leachate recirculation to create landfills that are "bioreactors," using leachate and other sources of liquid to maximize the decomposition process and thereby extending the life of a landfill.

Leachate Evaporation and Cotreatment

Landfills that collect and flare their landfill gas have an opportunity to use this energy to economically manage leachate via evaporation. PBS&J assists landfill owners in evaluating the cost-effectiveness of this disposal alternative and in implementing leachate evaporation systems. PBS&J also offers experience in cotreating leachate with other wastewaters, including domestic wastewater and septage.
Comprehensive Services

PBS&J provides comprehensive leachate management services, including:

* Leachate collection system design
* Leachate quality and quantity characterization
* Leachate permitting services
* Negotiation assistance with receiving utilities
* Treatment/pretreatment facility design
* Leachate evaporation
* Leachate recirculation and bioreactor landfill design
* Storage and truck loading facilities
* Construction administration
* Start-up assistance
* Operations and maintenance services
———–http://www.mswmanagement.com/march-april-2009/gas-leachate-management.aspx
Tony Maxson is a client manager with the Cornerstone Environmental Group, an engineering consulting, and field service company serving the solid waste industry. He also chairs a bioreactor committee for SWANA.
=====http://www.compost.org/pdf/sheet_6.PDF
THE COMPOSTING PROCESS : Leachate Management
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http://ramkyenviroengineers.com/MunicipalWaste.html