Re: ENVO LAB SETUP PROPOSAL

 

Subject: ENVO LAB SETUP PROPOSAL

PROPOSAL FOR ESHTABLISHMENT OF A GRADE"C" ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY

Introduction:

The role of laboratories in analysis of samples for monitoring and control of pollution can be hardly emphasized. For implementing any environmental protection program there is a need of competent laboratory to generate the desired data with an acceptable accuracy for assessment of the status of environment at various stages.This project report is prepared according to the guidelines provided by the Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, January 1996..

Need for laboratories:

Environmental pollution control:

Under section 25 & 26 of the Water (Prevention and control of pollution) Act, 1974, any person desirous of discharging any effluent (Domestic/Industrial) into a water body has to obtain the consent from the local pollution control board before discharging the same. The consent application is supported by an analysis report obtained from a recognized laboratory of the board. The proposed lab is to provide support to the government and industries in their effort of pollution abatement.

Requirement of an In house laboratory:

To find out the efficacy of the treatment proposed, the sample water is to be put to treatability test.

GRADES OF LABORATORY AS PER MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, GOVT OF INDIA

GRADE A--- Sophisticated laboratory

GRADE B—Moderately equipped laboratory

GRADE C--- Minimum required laboratory

C grade laboratory is to be eshtablished atleast one in each town with population greater than five lakhs or one laboratory for ten lakh population. C grade laboratory could be utilized for data generation to prepare micro level information and for providing analysis report for consent purposes .

MAN POWER REQUIREMENT FOR GRADE "C" LABORATORY:

As environmental studies involve multidisciplinary subjects, the laboratory should have experienced personnel of Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Meteorology,Geology and various subjects of Engineering.

Scientist B--- 1 no

Scientific Asst Jr/Sr---2 Nos

Lab Asst Jr/Sr ---2 nos

Field Attendent--- 1 No

OUR TECHNICAL STRENGTH

S.NO	NAME	Designation	Qualification	Experience
1.	Saleem Asraf Syed Imdaadullah	Managing Director	M.E. (Env. Engg.)	12 years
2	Irshad Ahmad	Director	M. Sc. (Env. Sc)	9 years
3	Md. Saeed Siddiqui	Director	M.Sc. Dip. (Env. Sc.)	6 years
4	Md. Hifzur Rahman	Director	B. Com	5 years
5	Mr. Taslim Malik	GM (Marketing)	M.Com . DBA	8 Yrs
6	Mr. Abdul Alim Syed Amanullah	Director	M.A.	7 Years
7	Mr. Naved Iqbal	Director	B.Tech.(Mech)	5 Yrs
8	Mr. S. Ahmad	Chief Executive Officer (North East Region Of India)	Architect	17 Yrs

PANEL OF EXPERTS

Sr No	Name	Designation	Qualification	Experience
1	Mr. A. Sood	Consultant(Project Management)	B.E.(Civil)	39 Yrs
2	Dr. B. J. Alappat	Consultant(Air)	Astt. Prof, IIT,Delhi	20 Yrs
3	Dr. R.H.Siddiqui	Consultant (Water)	Ph.D.	37 years
4	Mr. Goel	Consultant(Swimming Pool)	B.E.(Mech)	15 years
5	Mr. KB Gupta	Consultant (Tannery)	Retired Scientist from CLRI,Chennai.	30 years
6	Mr. Meraj Sahab	Consultant(ISO Certification)	B.E.(Mech)	20 yrs
7	Mr. Madan Gopal	Consultant (Structural Engg.)	Chartered Engineer	29 years
8	Mr. Sehgal	Consultant ( Bio Medical Waste)	.B.Tech (Mech)	17 years

 

AREA REQUIRED :

Approx area required for a grade C laboratory --- 80 sq meter

PARAMETERS TO BE ANALYZED:

Color,conductivity,pH,suspended solid,settleable solid,sludge volume index,salinity,total solid,temperature,turbidity,velocity of flows, acidity,alkalinity,ammoniacal nitrogen,ammonia free,BOD,chloride,carbon di oxide,chlorine demand,chlorin residual,cyanide,COD,cadmium,calcium,chromium,copper,dissolved oxygen,fluoride,iron,lead,magnesium,manganese,mercury,nickel,nitrite nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen, Oil & Grease, phenols,pesticides,phosphate,sulphate,Faecal coliform,Total plate count,Total coliform, estimation of LC 50 on fish (BIO ASSAY),

INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED :

Equipments required for establishment of Laboratory:-

S.no	ITEM	MODUL	MAKE	AMOUNT
1	PH Meter	CL.54	Toshniwal	7800/=
2	Filtration Assembly			50,000/=
3	Vacuum pump			10,000/=
4	COD assembly		Ambasader	10,800/=
5	BOD incubator	113 ltr	ambesader	50,000/=
6	Refrigerator			15,000/=
7	Spectro photometer	SL-150	Elico	88,000/=
8	Muffle furnace	4x4x9	Ambasadar	12,267/=
9	Water bath Heater	300x250x100	ambasadar	5335/=
10	Atomic Absorplion spectrophotometer (AAS)	SL-168	Elico	2,75,000/=
11	Titration assembly		DBK	16,800/=
12	Glass ware assembly		LS	50,000/=
13	Double water Distillation assembly	5		17,850/=
14	Monopan digital balance		Afcoset	65,000/=
15	Dessicator		Borosil	4000/=
16	Electric oven	18x18x18	Ambasader	12,000/=
17	Magnetic Stirrer with hot plate	2ltr	Remi	3500/=
18	Ion meter	L 1-126	Elico	45,000/’=
19	Flame photometer Digital	C1-22D	Elico	28,000/=
20	Laboratory chemical		LS	50,000/=
21	Microscope	Ordinary		20,000/=
22	Thermometer	Ordinary		1000/=
			TOTAL	8,37,352/=

 

CAPITAL COST OF THE PROJECT :

Instrument /Equipment Cost --- Rs. 10 Lakhs (As per CPCB)

Infrastructural facilities and Consumables--- Rs. 2 Lakhs (As per CPCB)

RECURRING EXPENDITURE:

Manpower---- Rs.2.5 Lakhs per annum

Consumables--- Rs.0.5 Lakhs per annum .( This will vary on the quantum of business done )

House Rent--- Rs.4000/= per month

Electricity---Rs.1000/= per month

Water----Rs.1000/= per month

Paper & Stationary--- Rs.1000/= per month

METHOD OF TESTING AND DATA GENERATION:

Field Sampling procedure

Water :

After receiving the analysis and sampling fee from the industry along with its tentative working schedule, the Field incharge shall depute his field staff for sampling campaign to be conducted at site, giving the schedule well in advance .the sampling schedule shall be in written format as given in annexure No.2 depicting the details of the samples to be collected from the industry.

After getting the sampling schedule in advance from the field incharge. The sampling team shall go to the respective industry without informing the industry and testing staff about their program with all essential documents/accessories in their possession. The sampling team has to go through the check list as given in annexure 1 so as to avoid any difficulty while conducting the campaign due to the lack of any of the material mentioned in it.

The sampling team shall collect the samples (One sample of inlet &2 samples of outlet), where ETP exists. All samples from the final discharge point are to be collected in duplicate. One sample for testing & one sample for preservation &for counter checking in the event of any controversy or during inspection by the department officers. The team shall fill up the sample detail sheet as mentioned. In annexure-3. No column in the sample detail sheet should be left blank or unattended, In the backside the treatment process flow chart is to noted down carefully after filling it up legitimately, fold it and put it in an envelope for the field Incharge, alongwith the sampling schedule sheet duly certified by the field staff so as to ensure about the nature & no. Of samples collected from the industry.

The field incharge shall check the no. samples collected by the sampling team alongwith the sample Detail Sheets. He shall pass on the sampling schedule to EDP for entry in order to generate one sample code No./Report No. Associated with each sample. This Code No. Shall be unique one & shall denote that particular sample only at all the time. EDP shall generate a job card as shown in annexure 4 associated with each sample code No. Depicting all the parameters to be analyzed. Field incharge shall mention this code No. (s) on the Sample Detail Sheet handed over to him by the sampling team. He shall tear off the Sample Detail Sheet into two parts as shown in Annexure No. 3. Upper Counter file is a decoded one & is retained by the Field Incharge. Lower one is a coded one & is stapled with the Job Card. Stickers on the Sample Bottles depicting the name of the industry are replaced by the stickers depicting the name of the industry are replaced by the depicting only the Sample Code No. (s) & handed over to the Testing Incharge for analysis.

The Testing Incharge shall receive the sample in the Sample Receipt Register in the coded form and allocate the job to his analyst, who shall test and report to the Incharge within 7 days from the date of receipt of sample by them.

After analyzing and duly entering it into the Calculation Register as per the testing procedure laid down, the Job Card alongwith the results and calculation register shall be submitted to the Testing Incharge for checking the calculation and results. The Testing Incharge shall file the Sample Detail Sheet in a proper manner so that it can be produced before the inspecting officers of the Board.

The Field Incharge shall decodify the Sample Job Sheet & he shall pass it on to the EDP for generation of reports. The Computer Incharge shall print it in quadruplicate, 2 reports shall be sent to the party, 1 report to the scientist ‘ C’ at head office and one copy for records.

Sample Detail Sheet & Job Card along with any other relevant graphs/ documents shall be filed properly in ascending order of Sample code No. (s) / Report No. (s).

Similarly, Lab Reports shall be filed properly in ascending order of Sample Code No. (s)/ Report No. (s).

Release letter shall be made in triplicate. It shall be addressed to the party and copy of it shall be released to the Board simultaneously.

Preservation of Samples

Water

The water samples should be preserved in a deep [p freezer in the coded form as shown in the photo graph & entered in the samples Preservation Register.

The water should be destroyed after 30 days from the date of collection of samples.

Annexure I

CHECK LIST

1	Seal
2	Lake
3	Bottles
4	Cloth
5	Thread/Sutli/Dori
6	Match Box/Lighter
7	Candle
8	Ice Box with Ice or Ice Cold Water
9	Bucket
10	Tumbler
11	Rope
12	Sample Detail Sheets
13	pH Paper
14	Thermometer
15	Tool Kit
16	Extension chord
17	Envelope
18	Recognition letter from Pollution Control Boards
19	Rate List for Air & Water testing

 

Filing Records and responsibilities with the Testing Incharge

1. sample Receipt register ( Air & Water )
2. Sample Detail Sheet (Air & Water) code no: - wise in ascending order (lower part- Coded Form.
3. Sample Job Sheet (Air & water) code no: wise in ascending order.
4. Initial /Final weight register for Thimbles and Filter Papers with proper inventory & stock maintenance in the beginning
5. Calculation Register ( Air & Water 0
6. Sample Preservation record.
7. One copy of Analysis Report ( Air & water ) Code No. wise in ascending order.

Filing Records and responsibilities with the Field Incharge

1. All correspondence with the department .
2. Release Letter to the party and Boards.
3. Sampling Schedule booklet.
4. Sample Detail Sheet ( Air & Water ) Code no; wise in ascending order ( Upper Part – decoded Form).

 

 

Format Of Documents

------ Sampling Schedule - Annexure No.2

------ Water sample Detail Sheet - Annexure NO. 3

------ Water Sample Job Card - Annexure NO.4

------- Water Sample Calculation Sheet - Annexure NO 11

Annexure 2

SYED ENVO PROTECT (I) Pvt. Ltd.

311/22 Zakir Nagar . New Delhi

Phone No:- 26987150

SAMPLING SCHEDULE

Mr. …………………………………. Dated……………………

You are directed to collect samples of Air/Water /Both on …………from

Name & Address of the industry--------------------------------------

-------------------------------------

-------------------------------------

Contact Person -------------------------------------

Sample Particulars	No . of Sample	Testing Charges	Collection Charges	Total Charges
Air
- ambient / process
- Noise
- Factory Outlet
- ETP- inlet
- ETP Outlet
- Raw water
- Drinking Water
Grand Total rupee

You are advised to follow ‘’ Laboratory Manual – Environment ‘’ strictly and report to the undersigned.

 

 

( sandeep Gupta ) Signature

field Incharge Sampling Team

 

 

 

 

 

 

Annexure 3 ( F )

Decoded Form

SYED ENVO PROTECT (I) Pvt. Ltd. 311/22 Zakir Nagar . New Delhi Phone No:- 26987150 DATE FOR WATER SAMPLE COLLECTION Name & Address of the Party………………………………………………………… Date of Sampling …………………… Members of Sampling Team …………. Field Incharge…… Sample Code No (S) ………………………………………………………………………………..

 

 

 

 

Board official	Sampling Team	Party Official
Name ………………………..	Name ……………………………..	Name ……………………
Designation ………………….	Designation ………………………	Designation
Signature……………………..	Signature………………………..	Signature…………………..

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fold &Tear

SYED ENVO PROTECT (I) Pvt. Ltd. 311/22 Zakir Nagar . New Delhi Phone No:- 26987150 DATE FOR WATER SAMPLE COLLECTION Sample Code No. (S)……………………………………………………………………………… Date of Sampling………. Members of Sampling Team …………. Weather Condition………… Type of Sampling………………. Composit/Grab……………… Time of Sampling……………

Name of sample with sample code No. (s)

ETP. Inlet			Raw Water
ETP. Outlet			Drinking Water
Factory Outlet			Any Other

parameters	ETP- Inlet	ETP- Outlet
pH
Temperature
Color

Parameters to be analyzed

pH

SS

TDS

BOD

COD

O&G

CI-

SO4

% Na

Any Specific Parameter ( Please Specify)………………………………………………………………

SITE CONDITIONS ( SPOT INSPECTION)

ETP EXIST/NOT EXIST………………………………..ETPWORKING/NOT WORKING………….. Reason for not working………………………………………………………………………………….. Products Manufactured / Nature of Industrial Activity………………………………………………….. Chemicals used in the Industrial Process…………………………………………………………………. Chemicals used in the Treatment Process…………………………………………………………………..

 

 

Annexure 3 (B)

 

 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Fold&Tear

FLOW CHART OF TREATMENT

I n l e t                 Outlet ……………………

Any others relevant information

 

 

Annexure 11

SYED ENVO PROTECT (I) Pvt. Ltd.

311/22 Zakir Nagar . New Delhi Phone No:- 26987150

``````````

Water Calculation Record

Book No Sheet No

Sample Code No (s):………………………………….. Sampling off………………………….. Sample Identification………………………………… Color…………………………………..
CALCULATIONS

consultant and his TAX burden

I work as a software engineer in a multinational but hold the designation of a consultant. I earn Rs 8,000 per month and my company deducts 5% as TDS.
I was told that after completion of the financial year, the company would issue me a TDS certificate and I would be able to claim a refund from the income tax department.
If my salary does not fall in the tax slab (since my annual income is less than Rs 1,00,000) then why must I pay 5% as TDS?
- Sachin Gohil
The status of an individual is different when he/she is on the payroll of a company. You are a contractual employee and, hence, technically not on the rolls of the company. Based on the nature of services being rendered and the skill set, you will be treated as a professional or otherwise.
So the benefits available to a salaried employee will be different than those offered to a contractual employee. This includes the authority given to the employer to increase, decrease or waive tax to be deducted based on estimated tax liability of the employee.
The Income Tax Act stipulates that tax should be deducted from the payouts of contractual payments at a specified rate.
In your case you have two options.
1. Allow the tax to be deducted and thereafter claim refund from the Income Tax authorities.
2. Approach your assessing officer and make an application in Form 13. The officer could then issue a certificate authorising the payer to either reduce the tax deduction or not to deduct any tax.
Paying college fees? Check tax benefits
Some restaurants levy Value Added Tax on the food bill as well as a service charge, while others don't levy both. Why?
- S Kapur
The details provided by you are incomplete. But based on what you have said, there is a possibility that the restaurant that did not levy VAT may have been covered under the "Composition Scheme" of VAT.
In order to relieve some businesses of the need to keep detailed records, a composition scheme has been introduced. This allows for a simpler method of accounting for and calculation of VAT.
Problems with your home loan?
I am a software engineer based in Nagpur. I want to take a home loan for the revival of my home in Trivandrum. My account department says that I have to take the loan in the city I am working in to avail of the tax benefit. Is that so?
- Abhijith V R
Based on the facts provided by you, you would be eligible to get the tax deduction on a loan availed for the purpose of revival of your home at Trivandrum.
However, no other monetary benefit should be derived from such house property and it should be used for residential purpose of self and parents. In other words, you cannot rent or lease it out.
The maximum interest deduction eligible would be Rs 30,000 per annum as the loan is for revival of the house and not for construction/purchase.
Got a question for Relax With Tax? Please write to us!

consultant and his TAX burden

I work as a software engineer in a multinational but hold the designation of a consultant. I earn Rs 8,000 per month and my company deducts 5% as TDS.
I was told that after completion of the financial year, the company would issue me a TDS certificate and I would be able to claim a refund from the income tax department.
If my salary does not fall in the tax slab (since my annual income is less than Rs 1,00,000) then why must I pay 5% as TDS?
- Sachin Gohil
The status of an individual is different when he/she is on the payroll of a company. You are a contractual employee and, hence, technically not on the rolls of the company. Based on the nature of services being rendered and the skill set, you will be treated as a professional or otherwise.
So the benefits available to a salaried employee will be different than those offered to a contractual employee. This includes the authority given to the employer to increase, decrease or waive tax to be deducted based on estimated tax liability of the employee.
The Income Tax Act stipulates that tax should be deducted from the payouts of contractual payments at a specified rate.
In your case you have two options.
1. Allow the tax to be deducted and thereafter claim refund from the Income Tax authorities.
2. Approach your assessing officer and make an application in Form 13. The officer could then issue a certificate authorising the payer to either reduce the tax deduction or not to deduct any tax.
Paying college fees? Check tax benefits
Some restaurants levy Value Added Tax on the food bill as well as a service charge, while others don't levy both. Why?
- S Kapur
The details provided by you are incomplete. But based on what you have said, there is a possibility that the restaurant that did not levy VAT may have been covered under the "Composition Scheme" of VAT.
In order to relieve some businesses of the need to keep detailed records, a composition scheme has been introduced. This allows for a simpler method of accounting for and calculation of VAT.
Problems with your home loan?
I am a software engineer based in Nagpur. I want to take a home loan for the revival of my home in Trivandrum. My account department says that I have to take the loan in the city I am working in to avail of the tax benefit. Is that so?
- Abhijith V R
Based on the facts provided by you, you would be eligible to get the tax deduction on a loan availed for the purpose of revival of your home at Trivandrum.
However, no other monetary benefit should be derived from such house property and it should be used for residential purpose of self and parents. In other words, you cannot rent or lease it out.
The maximum interest deduction eligible would be Rs 30,000 per annum as the loan is for revival of the house and not for construction/purchase.
Got a question for Relax With Tax? Please write to us!

Why discuss Rainwater Harvesting in India?

In India, rainwater harvesting is an ancient tradition. From as far back as 4500 BC, the simplest of earthworks in Thar Desert and Rajasthan, would harvest water from the falling rain. These simplest forms of rainwater harvesting would evolve in accordance to the eco-regions within India’s borders. Using rivers, floods, monsoon, underground rivers, surface water and the earth itself, the ancient cast of pallar (water managers) have been respected for thousands of years. Rainwater harvesting in India is more than an age old tradition that varies from region to region, rainwater harvesting is an integral part of Indian identity and cultural history, that without, India would never have been.

Zeta Potential in Water Treatment Process Control

Physical processes such as sedimentation, flotation and filtration remain at the heart of most process trains for the treatment of water and wastewater. All these processes depend on the principles relating the size, density and the charge of the particles to be removed. The relative importance of the particle charge on the process efficiency is strongly dependent on the size of the particles under investigation.
Once the particles reach a certain size their mass causes a rate of sedimentation due to gravity that is sufficiently large to outweigh any effects due to the surface chemistry of the particles. However, within the range of sizes normally encountered within water and waste water processes (less than 1000 µm), there will be a fraction of fine material, less than a few tens of microns, where understanding charge interactions between the particles will assist in determining the optimum treatment regime.
The surface charge, or more strictly speaking, the zeta potential (z), is determined by measuring the particle velocity induced when a potential difference is applied across a capillary cell containing the sample (Zetasizer, Malvern Instruments Ltd.).
Zeta potential is known to be a key determinant in understanding physical processes such as flocculation and sedimentation.

low cost arsenic fluoride filters using activated alumina

You always need EXPERT ADVISE. Do contact us for your needs..

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is the most comprehensive water filtration system in that it removes the most contaminants, including flouride, arsenic,but like you said, it does mess with the PH. I bought this  activated alumina filter to the line up. Activated alumina decreases the flouride and arsenic levels in water. Other than reverse osmosis, Activated alumina filters are the only filters that I know of that remove flouride and arsenic...

Drinking Water Treatment - Activated Alumina

http://articles.extension.org/pages/31568/drinking-water-treatment-activated-alumina

Activated Alumina Arsenic filter

 “Nirmal Filter” also exists in India. It uses arsenic adsorption on an Indian-made activated alumina and it is followed by filtration through a ceramic candle. It is less expensive than a Magc-Alcan filter ($10-15 capital cost) but it needs to be regenerated every 6 months. Efficiency: 80-90% arsenic removal.

http://akvopedia.org/wiki/Arsenic_filter

Costs

Adsorption: Magc-Alcan filter

Treatment Efficiency	Production	Cost	Lifespan
Magc-Alcan: 80-85% arsenic removal. Nirmal: 80-90% arsenic removal	100 litres/hour	$35-50 capital cost	6 months to 1 year

Home Arsenic filter by DNGM RESEARCH FOUNDATION :

Read about a very simple filter for your home here:

http://www.dngmresfoundation.org/content_details.php?left_menu=43

............

Fluoride filter by INREM Foundation,Ahmedabad
 basic cost of aa is Rs 200 to 300 per filters. plus activated charcoal Rs 25 to removal traces of aa which is harmful, rest buckets say around rs 200, and other material together , basic making cost wld be around rs 600 to rs 800.

About Activated Alumina

Activated alumina is a filter media made by treating aluminum ore so that it becomes porous and highly adsorptive. Activated alumina will remove a variety of contaminants including excessive fluoride, arsenic and selenium. The medium requires periodic cleaning with an appropriate regenerate such as alum or acid in order to remain effective.

It is interesting to note the type of physical properties of the activated alumina are never discussed in these articles, although they may have a significant effect upon the fluoride or arsenic removal performance. Other factors likely to have an effect upon alumina performance are flow rate, other ions in the water to be treated, pH of the water, and the method and conditions of regeneration.
Activated Alumina

The granular activated alumina used in the evaluations discussed in this report is 14 X 28 grind activated alumina (AA). This is a transition alumina with a high surface area (>300 m2/g), which makes it especially suited for adsorption of certain species. It is a fairly high purity alumina with a pore volume of ~0.5 cc/gm and a bulk density of 46 lbs./ft3. The 14 X 28 S product is a similar activated alumina but in a spherical form. The granular alumina has the advantage of being available in smaller sizes, making the internal active surface of the alumina more readily available. However, the spherical alumina has the advantage of a lower pressure drop in packed bed (i.e., down flow) systems. The fluoride removal data described were obtained with laboratory scale experiments using 14 x 28 mesh size granular alumina in a packed column.
Regeneration Methods

Most arsenic and fluoride removal applications are long term and necessitate regeneration of the alumina. There are three known methods for regeneration: (1) NaOH/H2SO4, (2) Al2 (SO4)3 and (3) H2SO4.
Regeneration of saturated alumina is carried out by exposing the medium to 4% caustic soda (NaOH), either in batch or by flow through the column resulting in high-arsenic-contaminated caustic waste water. The residual caustic soda is then washed out and the medium is neutralized with a 2% solution of sulfuric acid rinse. During the process about 5–10% of the alumina is lost and the capacity of the regenerated medium is reduced by 30–40%. The activated alumina needs replacement after 3–4 regenerations.http://www.tramfloc.com/tf133.html

ARSENIC REMOVAL TECHNOLOGIES
http://www.sswm.info/content/arsenic-removal-technologies

Activated Alumina

Activated alumina (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) has a good sorptive surface, in the range of 200-300 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The large surface area gives the material a very large area for adsorption of arsenic. When water passes through a packed column of activated alumina, the impurities including arsenic present in water are adsorbed on the surfaces of activated alumina grains. Eventually, the column becomes saturated, first at its upper zone and later downstream towards the bottom end, and finally the column gets totally saturated. Regeneration of saturated alumina is carried out by exposing the medium to 4% caustic soda (NaOH) either in batch or by flow through the column resulting in highly arsenic-contaminated caustic wastewater. Arsenic removal by activated alumina is controlled by pH and the arsenic content of water. The efficiency drops as the point of zero charge is approached and at pH 8.2 where the surface is negatively charged, the removal capacities are only 2-5% of the capacity at optimal pH (CLIFFORD 1990). Some examples of activated alumina based sorptive media are: the “BUET Activated Alumina”, the “Alcan Enhanced Activated Alumina” and the “Apyron Arsenic Treatment Unit”.

Important Weblinks

http://techtv.mit.edu/ [Accessed: 04.01.2010]

Video produced by Global Water Trust (2008), showing arsenic scenarios and the implementation of KanchanTM Arsenic Filter.

http://web.mit.edu/ [Accessed: 04.01.2010]

This weblink provides information on WATSAN and researches on Household water treatment technologies including KanchanTM Arsenic Filter by MIT.

http://www.eng-consult.com/ [Accessed: 23.10.2010]

This web link contains different articles and an overview of several arsenic removal methods with their advantages and disadvantages.

http://www.who.int/ [Accessed: 20.10.2010]

This web link contains a general discussion on different arsenic removal options for controlling risk.

http://www.youtube.com/ [Accessed: 13.01.2011]

This web link connects to a video on arsenic treatment by coagulation/filtration processes.

FOUR KALSHI FILTER AT VILLAGE( Removes Iron, Fluoride, Arsenic)

Description 

A homemade, four-pitcher filter unit, one of the simplest and most inexpensive ways treat drinking water. The first pitcher contains coarse sand. The second contains  activated alumina, third pitcher contains activated carbon, and the fourth collects the filtered water. 

A sari cloth is sometimes used as an additional filter between the top 2 kalshi. 

Benefits

• Simple
• Excellent microbial removal, Iron Removal,Fluoride and Arsenic Removal
• Can be constructed of local materials
• Cost:Minimum

Drawbacks

• Fragile
• Low flow (1-2 litres / hr.)
• Irregular flow rate, requires frequent cleaning
• Availability of activated alumina

Cost :Rs.500/=

Operating & Maintenance: replacement of activated alumina after two months

CONTACT : Saleem Asraf Syed Imdaadullah, 09899300371(Delhi)

                     Rakib Hussain (Mobile: 9859171561,Guwahati.)

ENVO PROJECTS,NEW DELHI. www.saleemindia.blogspot.com

YOU CAN BE MY BUSSINESS DEVELOPMENT PARTNER AT YOUR LOCAL AREA.

Hi,
Its Envo Consultancy Services (ECS) from Delhi, India.
Subject: Proposal for Partnership. YOU CAN BE MY BUSSINESS DEVELOPMENT PARTNER AT YOUR LOCAL AREA.

Dear Sir,
I am saleem from Delhi, India. Professionally consultant for the last TEN years for Drinking water treatment, Waste water treatment, Sewage Treatment Plant, Air Pollution Control Systems, Noise Control Systems in DG Sets, Rain Water Harvesting systems and other environmental issues.

Industries, Residential colonies, Municipalities have a real need for the product/service that I’m dealing with.

It’s a very big service sector with lakhs of potential customers out there.
Presently I am operating in NCR of Delhi, UP, Haryana and Assam.
How Do I reach the others?
That’s where you come into the big picture. YOU CAN BE MY BUSSINESS DEVELOPMENT PARTNER AT YOUR LOCAL AREA. I will handle all technical things.Your background should be atleast Diploma holder in any branches of Engineering.
Awaiting your prompt and positive response
Yours Truly,
Saleem Asraf Syed Imdaadullah
Director
Envo Consultancy Services,311/22, Zakir Nagar, New Delhi-110025
Tel: 91-011-26987150
Mobile Number: 9899300371
Email address:envoconsult@gmail.com
BLOG: http://saleemindia.blogspot.com

ETP CHECK LIST

CHECK LIST –ETP ( INDUSTRIAL WASTE/DOMESTIC )

Introduction : Waste water is a combination of liquid and solid waste from residences,industries, commercial buildings, Instituions, together with any surface water which may be present.

Purpose of treatment : To reduce public health hazard of waste water by preventing pathogenic organisms and hazardous waste materials from entering water bodies from which potable water supply is taken out and to minimise the harmful impact of the waste water on the receiving stream and environment.

Sr No Description of item Observations
1 Type of waste ---
a) Domestic----- Municipal sewage water
b) Industrial--- Dyeing,paper,automobile,fertilizer,food processing, electroplating, and others
2 Manufacturing process sheet of concerned industry showing different sources of waste water release and qty
3 Waste water test report
BOD,
TSS,
PH,
TDS,
COD,
Oil & Grease
Detergents
Toxic elements (Chrome, cyanide,nickel etc)
Coliform bacteria
3 Quantity of waste water generated per day
4 Working hours per day
5 Flow rate= Qty/ working hours = liter per hour
6 Location plan of industry showing possible location of ETP/STP
7 If any ETP/STP already exists ? Yes/No
8 Project report of the existing ETP/STP
9 Problems encountered in the existing ETP/STP
10 Waste Water test report of existing ETP/STP at inlet and outlet point
11 Actual sizes of the different units of the existing ETP/STP
12 Whether reuse of treated waste water required ? Yes/No
13 Paper work like Consent application etc Done/ Not Done
14 If not done , whether to apply for
a) Consent to establish
b) NOC
15 Any other information

Contact person : Mr. Phone Number : Office = Res:
Address of Contact person :



Date of our visit :

Fat and Cholesterol

Fat and Cholesterol

Healthy lifestyle changes such as exercising <00000384.htm> regularly and quitting smoking can reduce your risk of heart disease, but another important change is one in dietary habits. Reduction in the certain types of fat and cholesterol are very important. Lipids are the fats that circulate in your blood stream. Two types of these fats that are closely watched by your physician are cholesterol and triglycerides. Cholesterol is a fat-like substance found only in animal products. The highest sources of cholesterol comes from organ meats (example: liver) and eggs, but other common sources are any type of meat, poultry, cheese, and butterfat. Americans currently consume 400-500 milligrams of cholesterol a day, but the recommended amount is only 300 mg per day for the average person. By changing your eating pattern you can reduce your fat intake to the recommended level of not exceeding 30% of your daily calories.

Cholesterol: Good and Bad

Cholesterol is essential for life to make strong cell membranes and hormones. The body manufactures about 1,000 mgs of cholesterol daily. Too much cholesterol can cause fatty plaques on arterial walls which narrows the artery. This condition is known as atherosclerosis. The build up of fat on the vessel walls can occlude and in some case totally block the flow of blood to organs like the heart. When atherosclerosis occurs in heart vessels, also known as coronary heart disease, chest pain and heart attacks can result. The method of cholesterol transport in the blood separates cholesterol into "good" and "bad" types. The harmful type of cholesterol is known as low-density lipoproteins (LDL's). Lipoprotein is a combination of fat (lipo) and protein. LDL's are the most common type of cholesterol in your blood stream and are known as bad cholesterol because excessive amounts of this lipoprotein stick to vessel walls forming plaques. High density lipoproteins (HDL's) are known as good cholesterol because high levels of HDL's are associated with a reduced risk of heart disease. HDL's unstick LDL's from vessel walls and transport cholesterol out of the arteries.

Cholesterol Test

A home test is available in your pharmacy to test your total cholesterol levels. Follow the instructions supplied with the test to be sure you get the most accurate measurement. It is a good idea to take the test first thing in the morning after you have not eaten (water is O.K.) past 8:00 p.m.the night before. If this measurement is high, see your physician. Through your physician a more definitive panel of tests are available which measures your total cholesterol and triglycerides and measures the components of LDL and HDL in your blood. Depending on your age and some medications you may be taking the desired level of total cholesterol in your bloodstream should be under 200 mg/dl. A cholesterol and fat reduced diet combined with regular physical exercise can help lower cholesterol in the blood. However, some people need medication as well so if your screening test is high from your pharmacy, be sure to see your physician.

Diet and Cholesterol

Your fat intake should not exceed 30% of your daily calories. There are two main types of fats which you may have read about. Saturated fats tend to increase your LDL's and are found mostly in animal products. These fats are solid at room temperature. Two vegetable oils are high in saturated fats and should be avoided, palm and coconut oil. To reduce the amount of saturated fat, cut back on items such as butter, lard, and cheese. Polyunsaturated fats such as corn, soy, sunflower, and safflower oils reduce the amount of LDL's but also reduce the amount of HDL's in your blood. Polyunsaturated fats remain liquid at room temperature. The best fats to use are monounsaturated fats from peanut oil, canola oil, or olive oil which reduce LDL's but do not reduce the "good" HDL's. A single egg yolk contains 250 mg of cholesterol which is about the maximum daily intake recommended (300 mg) and eggs are high in fat. But the egg white is a good source of protein. Thus the best recommendation on eggs is to use them in moderation and where possible use an egg white product as an egg substitute. Try to limit egg consumption to approximately three a week in all items you eat (including baked goods). Try to bake, broil, steam, microwave or poach your foods and avoid fried foods. Use vegetable cooking sprays instead of greasing pans. For protein in your diet eat more fish, dried peas and beans, and skinless poultry. If you do eat meat, trim off all excess fat and be sure on all meats to limit your portions to approximately 3-6 ounces per day. To reduce fat in dairy foods, use skim or lowfat milk(<2%) and yogurt. Try the reduced fat cheese and when possible look for the cheeses lower in butterfat such as uncreamed cottage cheese or partial-skimmed ricotta. Whole grains in breads, cereals, and pastas are a good choice. Oatmeal and oatbran is a good choice since it appears to have some cholesterol lowering effect. be sure to read any commercial baked products carefully since many may be prepared with the "bad" oils such as palm or coconut. Eat all of the fruits and vegetables you want. They are naturally low in saturated fat, but avoid avocados and coconuts which are exceptions to the rule. When eating out avoid fast food chains and be sure to look for heart healthy items on the menu. Do not be afraid to ask how an item is prepared and ask if changes are possible to make it healthier for you. Most restaurants are becoming aware of the need for heart healthy items and if one refuses your request, consider eating somewhere else. Remember you are the customer. These are general guidelines which can help you to a healthier lifestyle. Last Modified: 7/27/97, Copyright © 1994, 1995 University of Texas - Houston Medical School , DPALM MEDIC All rights reserved.

7 great strategies to success

Ajay Piramal, Chairman, Nicholas Piramal India Limited, reveals how he achieved phenomenal corporate growth in a new industry by implementing a differentiated strategy.


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You cannot fool yourself, reality will strike.

Five years ago, my management style was radically different from what it is today. I was a hands-off manager and had entrusted the running of the company to a professional manager.

However, over a period of time I realised that though the company was profitable it was not performing to its fullest potential. Delving deeper into the issue I recognised that the company was not moving in the right direction in terms of sustainability of profit levels, quality of people and retaining market share.

The first thing I did was to change the CEO and personally get involved in the management of the company. I took a step back, understood the basics, hired McKinsey to evaluate our strategy and then implemented it. My top management was restructured and we improved the quality and depth of management across the company.

We got out of unprofitable businesses and worked on maximising the value of the assets we owned. This was a huge challenge for me and it made me more detail-oriented and quantitative. I spend a fair amount of my time now in planning and thinking in order to identify performance levers, growth engines and the root causes of poor performance.

1. You have to think big. Because ultimately you are what you think you are.

For a good organisation to become great it should first have the courage to think big and challenge the rules. In 1988 when nobody was investing in the pharmaceutical sector we acquired Nicholas.

We were a product of what the strategists would call 'unrelated diversification' -- a textile group diversifying into pharmaceuticals with no apparent 'synergies.' However, I pressed ahead because of my conviction in my actions.

Another myth we debunked is that an acquisitive strategy cannot be sustainable or value-adding. We defied the market rules in every possible way and went ahead with our strategy and that has enabled NPIL to attain its current position.

We rewrote the recruitment rules of the pharmaceutical industry by handpicking our senior management members from varied fields such as management consulting and FMCG, in addition to the pharmaceutical industry. This has brought in diversified, out-of-the-box thinking and varied perspectives into the organisation.

Secondly integrity of the top is vital. According to me integrity is demonstrated when management says what it thinks and does what it says. And unless you find this integrity across the organisation you cannot get superior performance.

It is the responsibility of the leadership team to set the tone of integrity and ensure that it seeps across the company.

Third comes execution. It is not enough if a company just has a great vision and a strategy - it is equally essential to build a system that enables focus on excellent execution.

The human factor comes fourth. It is essential to choose the right people for the right jobs. I believe that it is the people of the organisation who actually differentiate a good company from a bad one.

2. The values of the employees should be harmonious with those of the organisation.

The biggest change that has occurred over the last few years at Nicholas Piramal is improvement in the quality of the people. To be a world-class organisation we felt that we needed better managers.

So we have raised the bar across the board -- in our recruitment, performance management and compensation systems.

Getting the right person is really a difficult process. It is difficult to understand or assess a person in the one, two or three interviews that we usually get. When recruiting a person I usually try to find out the basic value systems of the person because for us integrity is important.

I then try to judge the person's attitude: 'Is he a risk taker? Does he have the hunger to achieve more?' This is essential to us because we are an organisation with a healthy appetite for taking calculated risks. We believe in looking for the big breaks.

Our policy is to get the best people, pay them best-in-class salaries and demand superior performance from them. Thus, we have not only increased compensation levels, but also increased our performance expectation. We have a more rigorous performance evaluation system to measure and deal with the consequences of both good and bad performance.

Feedback is usually given across the table. If a person is not performing well then we give him clear feedback. We explain what was expected out of him and where he has fallen short of the mark. If we find no change in his performance after some time, then he may be asked to leave.

3. You must keep stretching your employees more and more.

I believe that you should give greater responsibilities to your employees and then judge their performance. I have found that talented people like being given more responsibility -- that is the way they learn and develop their professional skills.

Given the spiraling cost of good talent, it has become imperative to embrace the concept of lean management that says, "Hire the second person when you need the third." Though it is a risky proposition I have found this exercise worth experimenting.

I have been in the business for the past 27 years and I have made my share of misjudgments with people. But it has also served as a process of learning and growth for me.

4. It is essential to break barriers.

We are now working towards a more focused organisation. We have discontinued peripheral ventures and pumped in more resources-human, technological and financial - in areas that we found are really important to the future of the organisation.

We always look out to share and implement best practices from the industry. In order to keep up the flow of ideas, we recruit people from different backgrounds. As they are from different companies they bring in their own set of ideas.

We interact with different people from different industries and also organise management learning programs. During the course of these programs different people from varied industries are invited to share their ideas with us.

A programme called 'Breaking Barriers' has been designed for this purpose. In fact, we have asked each of our strategic business unit to look at the best practices of other companies (from pharmaceutical as well as other industries) and find out the feasibility of adapting them into our company.

5. Every company reinvents itself over a period of time.

When we acquired Nicholas we were in the early stage of growth. Having come thus far, I believe that we are in the early growth stage of another horizon. We have attained a certain size over the last sixteen years and keeping up the same growth rates is now a greater challenge.

In the last three years we have evolved into a company that is quite different from what it was twelve years ago. For a company to grow it needs a healthy mix of all four routes: organic, diversification, alliances and acquisitions at all stages.

In the last sixteen years, we have consistently maintained a sales growth of 37 per cent and profit growth of 39 per cent per annum. To be able to maintain this pace in the future, we have to not only grow organically but also through acquisitions and alliances.

6. Believe in your strategy and stick to it even if you are criticised for it.

Since inception as well as in the recent past, we have stuck to the strategy that we found convincing, even though other people insisted that we were not in the right space. We have always followed a differentiated strategy and are now convinced more than ever before that we are on the right path.

For instance, everybody in the pharmaceutical space looked at generic exports as a way of growth. We were hammered down by the analysts, consultants and journalists for not looking at the generic market and leaving out a big export opportunity.

Our international strategy is to collaborate with the innovator pharmaceutical companies in process development and custom manufacturing rather than compete with them in their home markets -- something that other Indian companies of our size are actively doing. This was not looked upon as a great strategy at that time.

But now people appreciate that this strategy offers greater sustainability and growth potential in the long run, with lower risk levels compared to other export strategies.

The same is true of our domestic strategy. When we talked about M&A in the domestic market, earlier people did not think that it was right. But now people are moving around it. So we have had a differentiated strategy in every sphere and our experience of the last three years shows that we are on the right path.

7. It is important to have milestones to motivate your employees.

All our strategies are drawn up for the long term and will easily need a 3-5 year time frame to yield results. In such a situation it is essential to have annual milestones to sustain the employee morale.

For example, in the collaborative model of exports when we get a large order from a big company today it is clear that we are on the right track. It may take two or three years for the first shipment to move after the order, but at least employees and the management knows that we have a firm order and the strategy is working.

Or for instance if you take research, it may take many of years to launch our own molecule. But there are clearly defined milestones in between, and if we measure not just the 'big bang' output, but also the interim milestones, we know if we are on the right track and people also get motivated to continue to work on the project.

I feel that people today are more convinced within our organisation that the strategy is right -- more than ever before. When we developed our international strategy, there was not complete belief from all quarters of the organisation because we were all victims of what we read and heard from the outside world.

And when it was differentiated not many believed that this was the right thing to do. So we had to do a big process of concentration, communication and information. And now as they see results coming through, they also believe that this is indeed the right strategy to follow.

The author is Managing Editor, The Smart Manager.