Email marketing software FREE VERSION Mailintegra How it works?

Mailintegra How it works? http://mailintegra.com/how.aspx

Need to send an email to many people but don't want to put in the work of performing a Word Mail Merge or risk having your email being flagged as spam using a BCC? Then Mailintegra Can do this for you. How the Send Individually button works: 1) You create an email newsletter or other announcement. 2) Add your recipients to the "to" field. or from csv or mdb file 3) You press the "Send Individually" toolbar button. That's it! Each of your recipients will get an email addressed just to them, in the "To" field, and they will not see any other email addresses, because it's been sent just to them. Benefits and Features + MailIntegra can send HTML pages with embedded graphics and mixed emails that contain both plain text and HTML, if you're not sure that all your recipients can read HTML. + Send your message to an unlimited number of addresses 3 lac during one email session with our bulk email software (We tested it with 3 000 000 emails). + Save log file dynamically during the sending process. + MailIntegra supports handling for subscribe and unsubscribe requests and bounced messages. You can easily adopt it to fully verified opt-in list management for your newsletter marketing campaign. + MailIntegra can send HTML pages with embedded graphics and mixed emails that contain both plain text and HTML, if you're not sure that all your recipients can read HTML. + MailIntegra Support for importing emails from excel csv and access DataBase + MailIntegra supports SMTP email server, you can choose between Carbonl Copies(CC) or Blind Carbon Copies(BCC). Full support for secured SSL SMTP servers, including Gmail. + Personalize and merge individual information into any message allows you to create really personal emails with our bulk email software. You can merge recipient's full name, first name last name and email plus you can merge 8 custom fields to body , subject and even attachment. + Get Mail Integra Today for Free!! [ Step By Step Guide ] Step 1> Determine The Product To Sell Through Bulk Email. Most of you will likely already have a product to sell but I am sure that some of you out there are attracted by the affiliative monetary benefits that come with bulk emailing. Step 2> Know The Target Audience That You Want To Reach With Your Bulk Emailing. Once you have chosen a product, you now have to determine whether you want to send your email to the masses or just to a targeted select group that would be more inclined to buy your products or obtain your services. Targeted bulk mailing campaigns have started to catch on more and more. The response percentage rates are much higher, the flames ( complaints ) are much lower and there can be substantially less work involved. The question that comes up in most peoples minds is likely, "which will I make the most money on, targeting or sending to the masses?". Well there is absolutely no way for me to determine that without knowing the size of the lists, how well they were targeted and how many recipients are deliverable on each list. I suggest that you try both ways and see which works best for you. You must also understand that finding quality targeted email lists is next to impossible as it is very difficult to categorize an email list into different targets as per interests. Step 3> Make Sure You Know About The Various Issues Related To Bulk Mailing. The first thing you must know is exactly what you are getting yourself into. Bulk email and bulk emailers themselves are loathed by millions of internet users and 99% of the Internet Service Providers. Thus it becomes extremely important that you follow the Guidelines of bulk mailing and also have a thorough understanding of the various laws related to bulk mailing. Remember, bulk mailing is only fruitful if it is done in the right manner or it can have negative consequences. Step 4> Buying The Right Kind Of Email Addresses List. It is extremely important that you find the right quality and the right quantity of email addresses. We at Mailintegra offer you both - quality and quantity at a rock bottom price. Call 0.98400.66333 Step 5> Choosing The Right Bulk Email Software. Now that you have decided to use bulk mailing as a major tool for your online marketing campaign and have a huge amount of email addresses, you will need to select among the various bulk mailers that are available on the market. In our package we have included a fully functional program so sweet it bypasses your ISP, can mail 80,000 letters an hour and works while you sleep. Step 6> Kick Start Your Marketing Campaign Once you've got a decent amount of email addresses, good bulk mailing software and an internet connection you can start your bulk mailing campaign. Bulk mailing is by far the least expensive form of advertising but it is extremely important to carry out bulk mailing in the right manner. [ Bulk Mailing Guidelines ] What's the difference between Bulk Mail and Spam? Bulk Email IS 100% legal according to all US & Europe laws. Spam Spam is the sending of unsolicited commercial email while incorporating means of hiding your identity which is illegal. If you have read our Bulk Email Laws Section, you would already know that federal law ( s.887 ) requires that you use a valid return email address, offer a valid means of removal from your mailing lists and fulfill those remove requests within 5 days of the request. Furthermore, you must also make no attempts to fake or remove the headers in your emails. Bulk Email ( The Legal Option ) In order to stay within federal laws so that you are bulk emailing and not spamming you must: - Use a Valid Return Address - Offer and Honor a means of removal from your mailings. - Make no attempts for forge or remove the headers from your emails. If you incorporate the above policies into your everyday routine you will meet all federal guidelines. Do not forget that there are different countries with different laws and although their laws are similar to the federal law we do suggest reading them all as they do affect you. + Do Pick a good list from a reputable company - Don't Decide to harvest one on your own Buy your email lists from a reputable company like ours rather than harvesting one on your own. Yes, there is software available for purchase (normally around $150) that will search certain areas of the internet and compile an address list for you. The problem with this technique is a large portion of the addresses these types of programs try to collect are news groups. This was fine a few years ago. Now bulk email is becoming more common and many people have become wise to this and have encrypted their addresses in such a way that the software programs will not collect valid email addresses anymore. Even if this problem did not exist, the amount of time it would take you to collect a large amount of addresses would not be time effective for you. Example: If you could collect 500 valid addresses a day, (even this is tough to do sometimes) it would take you more than 50 years to collect the amount of addresses you will have by purchasing our package. + Do Deliver a compelling message - Don't Send out last year's corporate brochure In the world of direct postal mail, consumers expect to receive slick pitches produced by New York ad agencies. On the internet, a more personal approach generally works better. Keep in mind, of course, that the road-tested rules of direct marketing still apply. It's important to point out the benefits of your product or service and include a powerful call to action that compels the recipient to reply. If you yourself would not respond to your offer, it's unlikely that your recipients will either. + Do Keep it short - Don't Go on and on for several pages On the internet people want information and they want it now. That's why short, snappy pitches pull well than long-winded appeals that tell a story, paint a picture, tug at heart strings or describe your product's amazing bells and whistles in exhaustive detail. If your message exceeds one screen of text, go back and edit it until it fits. And don't try to squeeze in a second offer in order to save money; it will only lower the response to both of your offers! + Do Get to the point - Don't Make recipients figure it out for themselves Internet users are busy people who receive dozens or even hundreds of email messages a day. They barely have time to click on your message to open it, much less waste valuable time figuring out what you're trying to sell. If you can't come up with a three-word subject line that sums up your pitch, hit the Delete key and start over. + Do Give people an incentive to buy - Don't Restate your everyday low prices Internet users tend to be surfers with short attention spans. If you want to inspire them to action, you need to give them a compelling reason to purchase your product or service today. Discounts, free samples and limited-time offers are all powerful incentives to get people to respond. Remember: A mailing that generates 100 inquiries for additional information is ultimately going to be far more successful than a mailing that produces one or two quick sales. + Do Include a "call to action" - Don't Leave recipients wondering what to do It's not enough to tell recipients to check out your home page. You need to tell them exactly what you want them to do. Should they sign up for a free trial offer? Should they purchase your product today? If you don't ask recipients to do something in particular they may check out your home page then surf away. The strategy that works the best, we've found, is to include in your message a special URL, for example, http://www.yoursite.com/inquiry.html that visitors can click on to go to your site and fill out a form to request additional information. This way you can accurately measure the response to your mailing and follow up on qualified prospects! + Do Expect recipients to ask you questions - Don't Expect to close the all sales in a single message While generating immediate sales from your mailing is always great, keep in mind that many prospects are going to want more information before they decide to buy. Be sure to have the staff in place to respond to these inquiries immediately or prepare to see your valuable leads disappear! + Do Set reasonable goals -Don't Expect your email campaign to work miracles In a postal direct marketing campaign, a 2 percent response rate is considered good and a 1 percent response rate is considered acceptable. Email lists, by contrast, tend to generate higher response rates. A publishing client once generated a 13 percent response rate to its free trial subscription offer. In general, however, a 5 percent response to an email offer is good; even a 2 percent response is not a disaster. Remember: Even the most responsive list won't work miracles if the ad copy and the offer don't sparkle too. + Do Take your time and start out slow - Don't Send out 500,000 emails your first night with your new software without testing your ad first. When you receive your new Bulk List package and bulk email software the first instinct is to send out as many emails as possible as quickly as possible. This is understandable because by purchasing this software you have done your research and know that it can make you a lot of money very quickly. But, you will see much better results by taking your time with the process. Create an ad you like, then let others read it, make sure all the spelling is correct and when you are completely happy with it, send it to only a few thousand people. Wait for your responses to come in. This will let you gauge your response rate for that particular ad. Make a few changes and send to a few thousand more people. Do this over and over until you have reached your maximum response rate. Then send to millions, but not until your ad is ready, otherwise you are letting a lot of potential customers slip through your fingers. + Make sure it is legal to own, operate and use bulk e-mail programs in the country or state in which you reside. + Never include any information or material or content associated with anything illegal. + E-mail is NOT anonymous and you will get caught sooner or later. + Do not send e-mails to people through your ISP (Internet Service Provider) connection if your ISP explicitly forbids bulk e-mail. Contact your ISP to verify if it is allowed if you are unsure. If you violate an ISP service agreement you risk losing your account and/or may be subject to penalties according to their rules. If your ISP forbids bulk mailing you have two options: 1) Select a Bulk Friendly ISP. 2) Spread the amount of mailings out over time and use the e-mail program you are already using to send out mail. Professional e-mail programs send mail at speeds that are too fast for many ISP's to handle. This is how you can violate their terms. Buy smtp from us. + Always include an option for e-mail recipients to remove themselves from your list. + Permanently remove all those that request to be removed from your list. + Do not e-mail letters that contain large files, video files or any extraneous data. The ideal size for an e-mail message should be under 10k in size. This is a basic courtesy only. + Never send more than 1 message to the same e-mail box within a short time period. If someone doesn't respond... assume they never will and move on. + Never forge or purposely include incorrect and inaccurate header informational fields in your e-mails. This technique may be illegal in your state or country and violates all ISP service agreements. + Always supply a valid return e-mail address. + Use an alternate or secondary e-mail account as your return address. This will keep your business and personal accounts separate. This is not required but simply recommended.

Inhaling A Heart Attack: How Air Pollution Can Cause Heart Disease

Bethesda, MD - We are used to thinking of heart disease as a product of genetic factors or lifestyle choices, such as what we eat and how much we exercise. There is another road to heart disease: breathing.

Accumulating evidence indicates that an increase in particulate air pollution is associated with an increase in heart attacks and deaths. Research has begun in the relatively new field of environmental cardiology -- a field that examines the relationship between air pollution and heart disease.

Aruni Bhatnagar of the University of Louisville and Robert Brook of the University of Michigan have organized a symposium Environmental Factors in Heart Disease, to take place April 21 at the Experimental Biology conference in New Orleans. The American Physiological Society is one of the sponsors of the annual conference. Dr. Bhatnagar will speak on Environmental aldehydes exposure and cardiovascular disease, while Dr. Brook will give a talk on Environmental pollution and hypertension. In addition, Araujo Jesus of UCLA will speak on Exacerbation of experimental atherogenesis by ultrafine air pollution, and Murray Mittleman of the Harvard School of Public Health will speak on Air pollution and stroke.

There have been a number of studies connecting pollution with heart disease:

• A study of six U.S. cities found that people died earlier when they lived in cities with higher pollution levels. A majority of these deaths were due to heart disease.
• A study of 250 metropolitan areas around the world found a spike in air pollution is followed by a spike in heart attacks.
• A study in Salt Lake City found that when a nearby steel mill shut down for a period of months, there was a 4-6% drop in mortality. The mortality rose to previous levels when the steel mill reopened.

The people who seem to be most susceptible to environmental pollutants are the people who are already vulnerable, including the elderly and people with coronary artery disease. There is also some evidence that diabetics, women and people who are obese may be at greater risk.

Identifying harmful pollutants
Researchers are trying to find out which pollutants are harmful and how the harmful pollutants work to damage the cardiovascular system. They have focused on smaller, microscopic particles that can get into the lungs and may gain entrance to the blood stream. (The upper airway filters out larger particles that are in smog and other air pollutants before they can cause a problem.)

In addition, researchers have focused on air pollutants, including:

• ozone
• nitrates
• sulfates
• metals
• aldehydes

One intriguing statistic is that the risk of heart attack increases in parallel with time spent in traffic the previous day. In animal experiments, Dr. Bhatnagar has found that aldehydes -- a toxic class of chemicals found in most forms of smoke, including cigarette smoke and car exhaust -- increase blood cholesterol levels and activate enzymes that cause plaque in the blood vessels to rupture. When plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot, which may block an artery and lead to a heart attack.

Much of Robert Brook's research has centered on the relationship between air pollution and hypertension. Fine- and ultra-fine particles that get into the lung may make their way into the blood vessels. Within 15 minutes of inhaling pollutants, there is a very rapid increase in blood pressure, he said.

Blood vessels react to the pollutants by producing an inflammatory response to attack the foreign matter. However, the inflammatory response itself can set off a complex physiological reaction that is harmful to the blood vessels, Dr. Brook said.

Lessons learned
If you live in an area where pollution levels may be high, you can take steps to reduce the risk of air pollution, Dr. Brook said. During times when air quality is unhealthy, exercise indoors, because indoor air is filtered. If you exercise outdoors, particularly if you're at risk for heart disease, do it when pollutants are at lower levels. Avoid peak traffic times.

The work in environmental cardiology goes on and these researchers, and others, will gather together at Experimental Biology to share their ideas and research findings and plan the next steps in fighting environmental heart disease.

SOURCE: The American Physiological Society

http://www.pollutiononline.com/article.mvc/Inhaling-A-Heart-Attack-How-Air-Pollution-Can-0001?VNETCOOKIE=NO

ENVO Arsenic and Flouride removal from potable water

Saleem,

Thank you for responding. I am seeking out low cost fluoride removal as well but have yet to come up with something satisfactory. In my case I am looking for P.O.S.(point of entry) or an in-line filtration system of which R.O. is not desirable for cost and other reasons mentioned below. I am looking to filter my bathing water hence the reason for temperature related questions.

I have heard and read that red clay is being used to remove fluoride which may be a low-cost alternative to alumina, charcoal and reverse osmosis. You may already be aware of these trial technologies...http://209.85.173.132/search?q=cache:FPOVywA1ccAJ:www.thinkcycle.org/tc-filesystem/download/development_by_design_2002/publication:_terafil_water_filter_for_sustainable_drinking_water_programme/Terafil%2520Water%2520Filter-final%2520paper.doc+red+clay+removes+fluoride&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us

http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/conferences/pdfs/20/Padmasir.pdf (sorry, i don't know why the pictures and illustrations are not shown)

Reverse osmosis does indeed remove fluoride and arsenic but I have come to learn that it is not an idyllic solution. R.O. removes all minerals good or bad indiscriminately and reverses the molecular spin of the molecule creating what is called "aggressive" water. While it will not poison you with a contaminant, true, when consumed for longer than 6 months this water will create mineral deficiency leading to sickness and decreased/suppressed cognitive ability and immune system function. When water is forced through the R.O. membrane the smaller lighter molecules tend to get caught behind the membrane and only the larger heavier molecules get forced through. But from a biological stand point it is the smaller lighter molecules that are of the most health benefit to the body. Additionally the plastic membranes used in R.O. systems are made from a type of plastic that leaches toxins into the water. This is why a post filter of carbon or carbon/kdf is always used.

I deeply sympathize with India and many other country's plight to remove fluoride and other contaminants from the water. How ironic that here in the U.S. fluoride and arsenic are being ADDED to our water at a cost to tax payers and a profit for nuclear, coal and phosphate fertilizer industries.

Best of luck to you,
Mary

USA

On Tue, Mar 17, 2009 at 11:55 PM, saleem asraf syed imdaadullah <saleemasraf@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear Madam,

Fluoride removal by activated alumina is beig done on a wide scale across India, But no follow up study is done to find out the result by any agencies in India. So, adsorption in temperatures much higher than 80 degrees F is to be eshtablished yet. Fluoride and Arsenic removal are two very typical problems I have faced personally. Both can be fully removed by Reverse Osmosis , but because of prohibitive installation cost no body is going for it. And using chemicals and resins are not foolproof. If you have some other suggestions, we can apply them.

 Auro aqua safe sachet

pls read http://www.affws.in/auroaquasafe

pls watch video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79KDgzBcCWk

............

FOUR KALSHI FILTER AT VILLAGE( Removes Iron, Fluoride, Arsenic)

Description 

A homemade, four-pitcher filter unit, one of the simplest and most inexpensive ways treat drinking water. The first pitcher contains coarse sand. The second contains  activated alumina, third pitcher contains activated carbon, and the fourth collects the filtered water. 

A sari cloth is sometimes used as an additional filter between the top 2 kalshi. 

Benefits

• Simple
• Excellent microbial removal, Iron Removal,Fluoride and Arsenic Removal
• Can be constructed of local materials
• Cost:Minimum

Drawbacks

• Fragile
• Low flow (1-2 litres / hr.)
• Irregular flow rate, requires frequent cleaning
• Availability of activated alumina

Cost :Rs.500/=

Operating & Maintenance: replacement of activated alumina after two months

CONTACT : Saleem Asraf Syed Imdaadullah, 09899300371(Delhi)

                     Rakib Hussain (Mobile: 9859171561,Guwahati.)
The following filter named IFA cost around Rs.1200/. Its for a family of five person.

ENVO PROJECTS,NEW DELHI. www.saleemindia.blogspot.com

we are far better off than others.....Thank Allah

 

 

Subject: we are far better off than others.....Thank Allah

 

Again and Again ............ VOTED THE BEST EMAIL OF THIS YEAR If you think you are unhappy, look at them If you think your salary is low, how about her? If you think you don't have many friends...   When you feel like giving up, think of this man If you think you suffer in life, do you suffer as much as he does? If you complain about your transport system, how about them? If your society is unfair to you, how about her?   Enjoy life how it is and as it comes Things are worse for others and is a lot better for us There are many things in your life that will catch your eye but only a few will catch your heart....pursue those...            This email needs to circulate forever...:

 

FeCl3 was found to be generally superior to the other two coagulants in removing all the parameters like color TSS COD

source : http://civil.eng.usm.my/awam07/sample%20paper.doc

Three types of coagulants were examined using standard jar test apparatus, i.e., aluminum sulphate (alum), ferric chloride (FeCl₃) and ferrous sulphate (FeSO₄). The effects of agitation speed, settling time, pH, coagulant dosages and temperature were exermined. At 300 rpm of rapid mixing and 50 rpm of slow mixing and 60 minutes settling time, higher removals of suspended solids (over 95%), colour (90%) and COD (43%) were achieved at pH 4 and 12. FeCl₃ was found to be superior compared with other coagulants. At pH 4 and 12, fair removal of suspended solids was observed at reasonably lower amount of coagulant, i.e., 600 mg/L. However, about 2500 mg/L of coagulant was required to achieve good removals at pH 6. Better removals were achieved at higher temperature.

The coagulation-flocculation process was employed for the treatment of reactive dye wastewaters, with ferric chloride hexahydrate employed as the coagulant. The process was found to be very effective with a more than 99.5% colour removal. Typical representatives of monochlorotriazine reactive dyes, with azo and anthraquinone chromophores, were CI Reactive Red 45 and CI Reactive Green 8, which were chosen as the model dyes. In order to determine the optimum pH range and coagulant concentration, a series of jar tests was done. Further experiments were conducted using a square flocculation tank with turbine impeller applying rapid and slow mix operations. The optimisation of initial rapid mixing, which has an important role in the overall coagulation process efficiency, was carried out. The optimum combination of velocity gradient and time of rapid mix was suggested for reactive dye wastewater treatment. Sedimentation curves for both model dyes were also obtained.

.

FeCl₃ was found to be generally superior to the other two coagulants in removing all the parameters.

FeCl₃ at pH 4 (at a coagulant dosage of 600 mg/L) and pH 6 (at a coagulant dosage of 2500 mg/L).

exhibited better performance with 90% and 97% removals, respectively.

 

Table 2:Removal of suspended solids, colour and COD at different pH values and dosages of coagulants.

pH	Results	Suspended Solids			Colour			COD
		Alum	FeCl3	FeSO4	Alum	FeCl3	FeSO4	Alum	FeCl3	FeSO4
4	Optimum/ economical dosage (mg/L)	600	600	600	600	600	600	600	600	600
	Initial* concentration	1106	1106	1068	6450	6460	7275	2660	2565	3320
	Final** concentration	282	59	582	2554	626	5485	1862	1472	1291
	% Removal	74.5	94.7	45.5	60.4	90.3	24.6	30	42.6	61.1
6	Optimum/ economical dosage (mg/L)	2500	2500	2500	2500	2500	2500	2500	2500	2500
	Initial* concentration	983	786	878	7005	7100	7003	3015	2980	3066
	Final** concentration	291	8	506	3159	249	5953	2204	1648	2422
	% Removal	70.4	99	42.4	54.9	96.5	15	26.9	44.7	21
12	Optimum/ economical dosage (mg/L)	600	600	600	600	600	600	600	600	600
	Initial* concentration	1106	932	1068	6460	6658	7270	3210	3565	3320
	Final** concentration	90	52	197	2558	1738	2690	2793	2777	2825
	% Removal	91.9	94.4	81.6	60.4	73.9	63	13	22.1	14.9

 

 

 

COD removal efficiency of poly-silicate-aluminium-ferric chloride (PSAFC) and polyferric chloride (PFC) coagulant increased with increasing dose of coagulants, and that the performance of PSAFC and PFC coagulants was superior to PAC coagulant. This difference in efficiency may also be attributed to the copolymers of Si(IV), Al(III) and Fe(III). However, compared with PFC, PSAFC can easily reach high COD removal efficiency below coagulant dose 0.3 g/L. Thus, from the economic point of view, PSAFC is more suitable for treatment of wastewater effluent from dye manufacturing

 

 

Source :http://civil.eng.usm.my/awam07/sample%20paper.doc

Re: WINDROW COMPOSTING

On Tue, Aug 28, 2007 at 3:33 PM, saleem asraf syed imdaadullah <saleemasraf@gmail.com> wrote:

 

The Sanitary landfill sites are fast disappearing. Dumping Waste into Landfill sites in not the solution of Municipal Solid Waste Management. Composting provides a way out not only to reduce the amount of waste that needs to be disposed off but also converts garbage into a product that is useful for gardening, landscaping or house plants.

What can be Composted

: Good things you can compost are vegetable peelings, fruit waste, tea bags , plant prunings, grass cuttings etc.

What cant be used

: Certain things should never be placed in your bin. Keep away COOKED vegetables, Meat, Dairy Products, Diseased Plants,. Ideally wet garbage should not be put into the bin.

THE FIRST STEP: Segregate the garbage before handing it to the sweepers who come to your homes. DRY & WET waste need to be separated at the household level. Two storage bin of different color should be provided at homes for the purpose.

 

 

THE SECOND STEP: The sweeper store the kitchen waste like food leftovers, vegetables, meat refuse, egg shells at the compost making site. They take the dry waste away.

Third Step: COMPOST MAKING: Adding falling leaves from the road side completes the preparation for making compost. The wet garbage is moved and a new layer of waste is spread over it daily.. Water should be sprinkled daily on it and a fresh stock of compost is ready every three weeks.

Fourth Step: Marketing and selling of compost. This will not creat a problem if it is sold as a brand name or as organic manure. All the tea gardens will be happy to take it. Also all health conscious people will stop using chemical fertilizers in their kitchen garden.

 

THE 22 MT COMPOSTING PROJECT

ANNEXURE-I Key Personnel details

S No

Category of personnel	Name	Qualification	Present designation	Experience in relevant field	Remarks
1	Team Leader (Solid waste Engineer with 10 Years experience)
2	Municipal Engineering Specialist
3	Medical and Health Specialist
4	Finance Specialist
5	Management specialist

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ANNEXURE-II NORMS FOR GENERATION OF GARBAGE

Category of garbage	Quantity generated
Domestic household (1) Population range upto 1 lakh (2) Population range 1 to 5 lakh (3) Population range 5 to 10 lakh (4) Population range 10 to 20 lakh	0.21 Kg per person per day 0.21 Kg per person per day 0.25 Kg per person per day 0.27 Kg per person per day
Street sweepings and drain silt	0.10 Kg per person per day
Slaughter House: (1) Small slaughter house (2) Medium slaughter house (3) Large slaughter house	0.5 to 1.0 ton per day 2 to 6 ton per day 6 to 7 ton per day
Domestic waste from Hospitals / Clinics etc.	1.1 Kg per bed per day

 

ANNEXURE-III

What constitutes Biodegradable Waste – Components

1. Kitchen / canteen waste – unused vegetable cuttings, fruit peel-off, tea / coffee powder, coconut fiber, egg shells, non-vegetable waste, stale / leftover / rotten food etc.
2. Flowers / garlands
3. Hair / cut nails
4. Excreta of the pet animals, cow dung etc.
5. Horticulture waste like dried leaves, grass, cut trees, uprooted wheat.

Segregation at Source:

• Encouraging residents / producers to segregate
• Separation of Bio-degradable and non-biodegradable at source.
• Involve Rag pickers in segregation at source.
• Involve Self-help Groups in segregation, if required.
• Introduction of TWO BIN system.

WINDROW COMPOSTING

:

In areas/regions were higher ambient temperatures are available,composting in open windrows is to be preferred. In this method, refuse is delivered on a paved/unpaved open space but levelled and well drained land in

about 20 windrows with each windrow 3m long x 2m wide x 1.5m high, with a total volume not exceeding 9.0 cu.m.Each windrow would be turned on 6th& 11thdays outside to the centre to destroy insects larvae and to provide aeration. On 16thday, windrow would be broken down and passed through manually operated rotary screens of about 25mm square mesh to remove the oversize contrary material. The screened compost is stored for about 30 days in heaps about 2m wide x 1.5m high and up to 20m long to ensure stabilization before sale.

 

However, the composting mass should have a certain minimum moisture content in it for the organisms to survive. The optimum moisture content is known to be between 50 to 60 % . Higher moisture content may be required while composting straw and strong fibrous material which soften the fibre and fills the large pore spaces.

The C/N ratio considers the available carbon as well as the available nitrogenwhile the available carbon and nitrogen in the MSW may vary from sample to sample. Whenever the C/N ratio is less than the optimum, carbon source such as straw, sawdust, paper are added while if the ratio is too high, the sewage sludge, slaughter house waste, blood etc. are added as a source of nitrogen.

During the decomposition, the oxygen gets depleted and has to be continuously replenished. This can be achieved either by turning of windrows . During the turning, it is necessary to bring inner mass to the outer surface and to transfer the outer waste to the inner portion. In Indian conditions the decomposition is commonly carried out in open windrows. Studies at NEERI have shown that the optimum turning interval which will reduce the cost and simultaneously maintain aerobic conditions is 5 days.

The windrows should be located over impervious surface so that the surface water from the windrows which can go to Effluent Treatment Plant.

THE FINAL COMPOST CHARACTERISTICS

:

The compost prepared from MSW should be black brown or at least black in colour. It should be crumbly in nature with an earthy odour. The pH should be neutral though slightly acidic or alkaline pH within the range of 6.5 to 7.5 can be tolerated.The compost should neither be completely dry nor it be lumpy and water should not come out of the mass when squeezed.

The Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium (NPK) contents should be more than one percent each. The Nitrogen should be in the form of Nitrates for proper utilisation by the plants. The C/N ratio should be between 15 to 20.In order to ensure safe application of compost,

As the compost plantoperates at a constant rate, a balancing storage has to be provided to absorb the fluctuations in the waste input to the plant. This is provided in a storage hopper of 8 to 24 hours storage capacity, the exact value depending upon the schedule of incoming trucks, the number of shifts and the number of days the plant and solid waste collection system works.

. These windrows are turned every 5 days to ensure aerobic decomposition. Various types of equipment such as front end loaders/windrows reshifters are used for turning of windrows.At the end of the 3 to 4 weeks period, the material is known as green or fresh compost wherein the cellulose has not been fully stabilised. It is hence stored in large sized windrows for 1-2 months either at the plant or the farms. At the end of the storage period, it is known as ripe compost.

 

POINTS TO BE NOTED

:

:-• Large storage hoppers are not needed.

• Covering of windrow area is not required as the plants are normally shut down during monsoon for annual repairs.

• Artificial aeration under Indian conditions is not required

• It is preferable to first stabilise the raw material and then subject it to picking and size reduction. This will require same windrow area, and improve efficiency of picking and size reduction

• Composting should not be considered as a commercial venture but should be treated as a processing method to reduce the MSW content to be dumped at landfill sites..

• On such days when the waste cannot be accepted at the compost plant or if shutdown occurs for extended period due to rains/cold climate/major breakdown or annual maintenance, the waste should be diverted to a properly designed and operated MSW landfill.

•. The height of stockpiled waste should not exceed 3 metres and the storage area must have provision for odour control, litter control, fire control and birds control.

The areas where compost is to be supplied should be near the site and should be easily accessible. A site for disposal of non compostables should be available near the compost plant site.Trees planted along the periphery of the site will serve partly as a barrier against the noise and odour from the plant and also help in litter control byreducing the wind speed . The trees will also protect the plant from dust and pollutants due to the highway.

GO FOR A PILOT PLANT STUDY FIRST

:

The design and construction of a full scale compost plant needs at least 1.5 to 2 years. Before the plant becomes operational, pilot scale studies be carried out using a small quantity of the raw waste that will be used in the final plant. The raw waste as well as finished compost should also be analysed for heavy metal content. The output of the plant should be widely advertised to the consumers. The pilot studies will help determine the proportion of non-compostables that need disposal, the compost output per tonne of input and its nutrient contents.

 

NORTH EAST INDIA

:

In the North East Indian states, to protect the windrows from heavy rainfall, the windrow area will have to be covered.

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

:

• All uncovered windrow areas should be provided with an impermeable base.Such a base may be made of concrete or of compacted clay, 50 centimetres thick, having permeability less than 10 centimetres/second. The base must be provided with 1 to 2 percent slope and must be encircled by lined drains for collection of leachate/surface water runoff. All lined drains should beconnected to a lined settling pond, where tests for quality of waste-water are to be performed on a weekly basis. A treatment unit will be provided to ensure that the waste-water is discharged to open drains only after it meets the regulatory standards.

--
http://www.saleemindia.blogspot.com

Re: WINDROW COMPOSTING

On Tue, Aug 28, 2007 at 3:33 PM, saleem asraf syed imdaadullah <saleemasraf@gmail.com> wrote:

 

The Sanitary landfill sites are fast disappearing. Dumping Waste into Landfill sites in not the solution of Municipal Solid Waste Management. Composting provides a way out not only to reduce the amount of waste that needs to be disposed off but also converts garbage into a product that is useful for gardening, landscaping or house plants.

What can be Composted

: Good things you can compost are vegetable peelings, fruit waste, tea bags , plant prunings, grass cuttings etc.

What cant be used

: Certain things should never be placed in your bin. Keep away COOKED vegetables, Meat, Dairy Products, Diseased Plants,. Ideally wet garbage should not be put into the bin.

THE FIRST STEP: Segregate the garbage before handing it to the sweepers who come to your homes. DRY & WET waste need to be separated at the household level. Two storage bin of different color should be provided at homes for the purpose.

 

 

THE SECOND STEP: The sweeper store the kitchen waste like food leftovers, vegetables, meat refuse, egg shells at the compost making site. They take the dry waste away.

Third Step: COMPOST MAKING: Adding falling leaves from the road side completes the preparation for making compost. The wet garbage is moved and a new layer of waste is spread over it daily.. Water should be sprinkled daily on it and a fresh stock of compost is ready every three weeks.

Fourth Step: Marketing and selling of compost. This will not creat a problem if it is sold as a brand name or as organic manure. All the tea gardens will be happy to take it. Also all health conscious people will stop using chemical fertilizers in their kitchen garden.

 

THE 22 MT COMPOSTING PROJECT

ANNEXURE-I Key Personnel details

S No

Category of personnel	Name	Qualification	Present designation	Experience in relevant field	Remarks
1	Team Leader (Solid waste Engineer with 10 Years experience)
2	Municipal Engineering Specialist
3	Medical and Health Specialist
4	Finance Specialist
5	Management specialist

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ANNEXURE-II NORMS FOR GENERATION OF GARBAGE

Category of garbage	Quantity generated
Domestic household (1) Population range upto 1 lakh (2) Population range 1 to 5 lakh (3) Population range 5 to 10 lakh (4) Population range 10 to 20 lakh	0.21 Kg per person per day 0.21 Kg per person per day 0.25 Kg per person per day 0.27 Kg per person per day
Street sweepings and drain silt	0.10 Kg per person per day
Slaughter House: (1) Small slaughter house (2) Medium slaughter house (3) Large slaughter house	0.5 to 1.0 ton per day 2 to 6 ton per day 6 to 7 ton per day
Domestic waste from Hospitals / Clinics etc.	1.1 Kg per bed per day

 

ANNEXURE-III

What constitutes Biodegradable Waste – Components

1. Kitchen / canteen waste – unused vegetable cuttings, fruit peel-off, tea / coffee powder, coconut fiber, egg shells, non-vegetable waste, stale / leftover / rotten food etc.
2. Flowers / garlands
3. Hair / cut nails
4. Excreta of the pet animals, cow dung etc.
5. Horticulture waste like dried leaves, grass, cut trees, uprooted wheat.

Segregation at Source:

• Encouraging residents / producers to segregate
• Separation of Bio-degradable and non-biodegradable at source.
• Involve Rag pickers in segregation at source.
• Involve Self-help Groups in segregation, if required.
• Introduction of TWO BIN system.

WINDROW COMPOSTING

:

In areas/regions were higher ambient temperatures are available,composting in open windrows is to be preferred. In this method, refuse is delivered on a paved/unpaved open space but levelled and well drained land in

about 20 windrows with each windrow 3m long x 2m wide x 1.5m high, with a total volume not exceeding 9.0 cu.m.Each windrow would be turned on 6th& 11thdays outside to the centre to destroy insects larvae and to provide aeration. On 16thday, windrow would be broken down and passed through manually operated rotary screens of about 25mm square mesh to remove the oversize contrary material. The screened compost is stored for about 30 days in heaps about 2m wide x 1.5m high and up to 20m long to ensure stabilization before sale. 

However, the composting mass should have a certain minimum moisture content in it for the organisms to survive. The optimum moisture content is known to be between 50 to 60 % . Higher moisture content may be required while composting straw and strong fibrous material which soften the fibre and fills the large pore spaces.

The C/N ratio considers the available carbon as well as the available nitrogenwhile the available carbon and nitrogen in the MSW may vary from sample to sample. Whenever the C/N ratio is less than the optimum, carbon source such as straw, sawdust, paper are added while if the ratio is too high, the sewage sludge, slaughter house waste, blood etc. are added as a source of nitrogen.

During the decomposition, the oxygen gets depleted and has to be continuously replenished. This can be achieved either by turning of windrows . During the turning, it is necessary to bring inner mass to the outer surface and to transfer the outer waste to the inner portion. In Indian conditions the decomposition is commonly carried out in open windrows. Studies at NEERI have shown that the optimum turning interval which will reduce the cost and simultaneously maintain aerobic conditions is 5 days.

The windrows should be located over impervious surface so that the surface water from the windrows which can go to Effluent Treatment Plant.

THE FINAL COMPOST CHARACTERISTICS

:

The compost prepared from MSW should be black brown or at least black in colour. It should be crumbly in nature with an earthy odour. The pH should be neutral though slightly acidic or alkaline pH within the range of 6.5 to 7.5 can be tolerated.The compost should neither be completely dry nor it be lumpy and water should not come out of the mass when squeezed.

The Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium (NPK) contents should be more than one percent each. The Nitrogen should be in the form of Nitrates for proper utilisation by the plants. The C/N ratio should be between 15 to 20.In order to ensure safe application of compost,

As the compost plantoperates at a constant rate, a balancing storage has to be provided to absorb the fluctuations in the waste input to the plant. This is provided in a storage hopper of 8 to 24 hours storage capacity, the exact value depending upon the schedule of incoming trucks, the number of shifts and the number of days the plant and solid waste collection system works.

. These windrows are turned every 5 days to ensure aerobic decomposition. Various types of equipment such as front end loaders/windrows reshifters are used for turning of windrows.At the end of the 3 to 4 weeks period, the material is known as green or fresh compost wherein the cellulose has not been fully stabilised. It is hence stored in large sized windrows for 1-2 months either at the plant or the farms. At the end of the storage period, it is known as ripe compost.

 

POINTS TO BE NOTED

:

:-• Large storage hoppers are not needed.

• Covering of windrow area is not required as the plants are normally shut down during monsoon for annual repairs.

• Artificial aeration under Indian conditions is not required

• It is preferable to first stabilise the raw material and then subject it to picking and size reduction. This will require same windrow area, and improve efficiency of picking and size reduction

• Composting should not be considered as a commercial venture but should be treated as a processing method to reduce the MSW content to be dumped at landfill sites..

• On such days when the waste cannot be accepted at the compost plant or if shutdown occurs for extended period due to rains/cold climate/major breakdown or annual maintenance, the waste should be diverted to a properly designed and operated MSW landfill.

•. The height of stockpiled waste should not exceed 3 metres and the storage area must have provision for odour control, litter control, fire control and birds control.

The areas where compost is to be supplied should be near the site and should be easily accessible. A site for disposal of non compostables should be available near the compost plant site.Trees planted along the periphery of the site will serve partly as a barrier against the noise and odour from the plant and also help in litter control byreducing the wind speed . The trees will also protect the plant from dust and pollutants due to the highway.

GO FOR A PILOT PLANT STUDY FIRST

:

The design and construction of a full scale compost plant needs at least 1.5 to 2 years. Before the plant becomes operational, pilot scale studies be carried out using a small quantity of the raw waste that will be used in the final plant. The raw waste as well as finished compost should also be analysed for heavy metal content. The output of the plant should be widely advertised to the consumers. The pilot studies will help determine the proportion of non-compostables that need disposal, the compost output per tonne of input and its nutrient contents.

 

NORTH EAST INDIA

:

In the North East Indian states, to protect the windrows from heavy rainfall, the windrow area will have to be covered.

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

:

• All uncovered windrow areas should be provided with an impermeable base.Such a base may be made of concrete or of compacted clay, 50 centimetres thick, having permeability less than 10 centimetres/second. The base must be provided with 1 to 2 percent slope and must be encircled by lined drains for collection of leachate/surface water runoff. All lined drains should beconnected to a lined settling pond, where tests for quality of waste-water are to be performed on a weekly basis. A treatment unit will be provided to ensure that the waste-water is discharged to open drains only after it meets the regulatory standards.

--
http://www.saleemindia.blogspot.com

VERMIS INDIA PVT LTD http://vermisindia.blogspot.com/

Kindly visit our web site to know about our new company VERMIS INDIA.http://vermisindia.blogspot.com

 

headed By Syeda Mosaddika Farhana,

assisted by Dr.Rajkhowa, and Syed Rakib Hussain.

backed by ENVO PROJECTS .

 

 

we are selling earth worm.

we are developing Vermi compost plants

we are doing municipal solid waste management

we are fabricating and supplying equipments like Trommel ,vibrating screen etc.

 

call us for any further details.

 

Saleem Asraf Syed Imdaadullah,
Cell :+919899300371
Tel. : +9101126985165

allergic rhinitis cold

Homeopathy

Although few studies have examined the effectiveness of specific homeopathic therapies, professional homeopaths may consider the following remedies for the treatment of allergic rhinitis symptoms based on their knowledge and experience. Before prescribing a remedy, homeopaths take into account a person's constitutional type -- your physical, emotional, and psychological makeup. An experienced homeopath assesses all of these factors when determining the most appropriate treatment for each individual.

• Nux vomica -- for stuffiness with nasal discharge, dry, ticklish, and scraping nasal sensations with watery nasal discharge and a lot of sneezing; an appropriate person for this remedy is irritable and impatient.
• Arsenicum album -- for stuffiness with copious, burning nasal discharge and violent sneezing; an appropriate candidate for Arsenicum feels restless, anxious, and exhausted.
• Allium cepa -- for frequent sneezing, a lot of irritating nasal discharge and tearing eyes; this person tends to feel thirsty.
• Euphrasia -- for bland nasal discharge, with stinging, irritating tears; a suitable person for this remedy has worse nasal symptoms when lying down.

Medications

Depending on the type of allergic rhinitis you have, your doctor may recommend medication. Perennial allergic rhinitis may require daily medication, and if you have seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever) you may start medications a few weeks before the pollen season.

Nasal corticosteroids

These prescription sprays reduce inflammation of the nose and help relieve sneezing, itching, and runny nose. They are most effective at reducing symptoms, although you may not see improvement for a few days to a week after you start using them.

• Beclomethasone (Beconase)
• Fluticasone (Flonase)
• Mometasone (Nasonex)
• Triacinolone (Nasacort)

Antihistamines

Antihistamines are available in both oral and nasal spray forms, and as prescription drugs and over-the-counter remedies. Over-the-counter antihistamines are short-acting and can relieve mild-to-moderate symptoms. All work by blocking the release of histamine in your body.

• Over-the-counter antihistamines -- Include diphenhydramine (Benadryl), chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), clemastine (Tavist). These older antihistamines can cause sleepiness. Loratadine (Claritin) does not cause drowsiness.
• Prescription antihistamines -- These medications are longer-acting than over-the-counter antihistamines and are usually taken once a day. They include fexofenadine (Allegra) and cetrizine (Zyrtec).

Decongestants

Many over-the-counter and prescription decongestants are available in tablet or nasal spray form. They are often used with antihistamines.

• Oral and nasal decongestants -- Include Sudafed, Actifed, Afrin, Neo-Synephrin. Some decongestants may contain pseudoephedrine, which can raise blood pressure. People with high blood pressure or enlarged prostate should not take drugs containing pseudoephedrine. Nasal decongestants can cause "rebound congestion," where the nasal passages swell. Avoid using nasal decongestants for more than 3 days in a row, unless specifically instructed by your doctor, and do not use them if you have emphysema or chronic bronchitis.

 

Common Cold Treatment and Allergy Prevention homeopathy

Common Cold Treatment and Allergy Prevention

At the moment in the evenings or early mornings, when we start to have runny and blocked nose together with sneezing, we quickly think that our environment may contain dust mites or the air conditions cause us allergic. Some of us may not know whether we are actually suffering from allergy or common cold. So when a person starts sneezing, he or she immediately thought it is an allergy and takes antihistamine to stop the allergy. The symptoms of the allergy and common cold are quite similar, i.e. runny nose, blocked nose and sneezing. But the actual difference between allergy and common cold is the cause to this illness. The latter is due to a weakened immune system followed by an influenza viral attack, whereas allergy is due to allergen such as dust mites, pollen, cat dander, mold and etc. A blocked nose can adversely affect your sleep in the night because it disturbs your breathing activity or it may cause you unable to fall asleep. Subsequently, uptake of oxygen by your body is reduced and this will cause fatigue and unable to concentrate in the day time. Uptake of oxygen is important because it is the main natural ingredient that is used by our body to regenerate energy. The consequences of this are your day time productivity will reduce and you may in high risk of accident such as car accident or workplace accident. After wake up in the morning with allergy, you will not enjoy the sniffles and the heavy head feeling throughout the whole morning. 

Allergy is a continuing ailment if you are not looking for treatment. This continuing ailment will cause a heavy impact to your quality of life. You may completely at sea when it comes to the remedy for this illness. If your sleep-depriving symptoms originate from common cold, you can try the following medication that had been found by German doctors, which is able to relief cold. This formulation has been used for more than 50 years and it is an herbal combination of Thujae Occidentalis, Baptista and Echinaceae, which is able to help sufferer to overcome the common cold. Compared to other forms of formulations, this prescription only needs to be taken by user when it is necessary; whereas, others usually need the user to use it frequently during illness and even after recovery. Both Thujae and Baptisiae work as a very powerful immune system booster. Furthermore, by adding together with Echinaceae, the efficacy of this mixture will be enhanced. This is because Echinaceae has antiviral properties. This combination not only helps in activating the body's immune system, it is also increasing the body resistance to viral or bacterial infection. It is unnecessary to take this combination of herbal extracts for long term basic like a supplement to prevent infection. What you need to do is just take this combination for five days after attacked by the virus or take it for a few days when you feel that you have been infected until the symptoms disappear. The main symptoms of a common cold are runny nose, sore throat, and sneezing. You may also have a mild fever. This herbal combination is safe for both adults and children with very little side effects, which you may not feel it. However, prevention better than cure, you should try to avoid contact with anyone who has or suspected has a cold. After you have contacted with someone who has cold, the cold virus usually stays in your body for a few days before starts to attack your immune system.  This also depends to your immune system conditions during this few days.  If your immune system is strong and healthy, you won't be infected and cold symptoms will not appear. Therefore, we should maintain our body immune system health and don't try to weaken it. Immune system is usually weak for a person, who is under stress. In order to have a strong and healthy immune system, we should have enough rest. Besides, having enough sleep everyday also can help to maintain a strong and healthy body's immunity.  

To improve your quality of life, the following steps will help you to ease your illness symptoms if you are suffering from allergy that is caused by dust mites and other types of allergen.  Zippered dust-proof covers, which are made from Dacron or other synthetic fiber, should be used to cover your pillows and mattresses. This is because these types of pillow and mattresses covers are allergen protectors. Often washing all bedding habit has to be inculcated. The right way to wash your bedding stuffs such as pillow cases, mattress cover, sheets and blankets is using hot water at about 60^oC. Wall hangings, which are made of fabric, should be taken down because dust mites, mold and mildew can be easily gathered on them. For those who have children at home, you have to make sure that your child's toys are able to be washed either manually or using washing machine.  Your child is always playing with these toys and dust may be deposited on them; therefore, it is advisable to launder them regularly. Instead of using drapes or curtains, which are easily deposited by dust, plastic blinds should be used because they are easily to be cleaned. Carpet is the place, where most of the dusts accumulate and it is also quite difficult and tedious to clean it regularly, especially launder it.  The proper way to avoid accumulation of dust, which containing allergen, throw rugs should be used. If you feel it is quite wasteful, another alternative way that can be sought is changing your flooring to tile or wooden floors. Casing of upholstered furniture and the pad covers should be washed often because all these things harbour allergens. HEPA vacuum can be used to purified the air in your house once or twice a week and make sure that the vacuum bags are thrown away regularly. If the vacuum bags are not disposed properly, dust mites may escape from the bags into the house. 

By Alexander Chong

Author of "How to cure your incurable nasal allergy without using any synthetic drugs, herbs and expensive devices".

http://www.cure-nasal-allergy.com

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Email: curenasalallergy@lycos.com

Methane Fuel Gas from Livestock Wastes

Methane Fuel Gas from Livestock Wastes
A Summary

 

http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/publicat/wqwm/ebae071_80.html

sulphate removal technologies from drinking water

Sulfate which is a combination of sulfur and oxygen (SO4) exists as a dissolved salt in the water. As such it is colorless and odorless. It is not to be confused with the gas in the water that causes a rotten egg odor. This is a combination of Hydrogen and sulfur (H2S). Removal technology is totally different for the two forms of sulfur.

Sulfates: The US Primary Drinking Water Regulations list safe levels of sulfates at 500 ppm (mg/l) in drinking water and Secondary Drinking Water Regulations for sulfates at 250 ppm (mg/l). At this level or above, sulfates can cause diarrhea and resulting de-hydration. This condition is most severe in infants, the elderly, and people with other illnesses. Also, high sulfates cause fluid and resulting weight loss in all animals

Sulfate can be precipitated by addition of lime, calcium chloride

or removed by anion exchange resin. those waters where high sulfates (>250 ppm) are to be removed by Purolite^® ion exchange. High levels of sulfates have been known to cause diarrhea in humans and animals. Purolite Strong Base Anion (SBA) exchange resins, operated in the chloride form, can remove these sulfate ions. In addition, high sulfate levels are also a concern for Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane fouling. At high concentrations, they precipitate on the membranes and reduce the efficiency. These Purolite® resins are regenerated with brine. As Purolite anion resins, they use the chloride portion of the NaCl. During the service run the sulfate ions displace the chloride ions due to the higher selectivity of the Purolite Strong Base resins towards sulphate ions.

 

Rather than waste either the sodium or the potassium we place the special sulfate resin on top of regular softening resin and along with removing the sulfates we also soften the water with the same amount of salt being used. We get a free bonus of softening.

Maximum Iron and Manganese Levels in water :

Combined Manganese and Iron levels must be below *0.8ppm

*A resin cleaner is to be used at these levels to help prevent premature resin failure due to iron buildup.

source : public health engineering...by nemero

 

design : v notch for flow measurement

To design a V notch for measurement of flow, We first will have to build a chamber to install the V notch.

 

The size of the chamber  will depend on the quantity of total discharge to be estimated.

 

After knowing the cross sectinal size of the chamber, the size and thickness of the V notch plate can be determined.

 

 

Installation Guidelines for V notch

 

 

 

 

• Use a 2mm Thick Mild Steel plate to make the V notch. Make a 90^o V

• Water surface downstream of the weir should be at least 6 cm below the bottom of the V to allow a free flowing waterfall.

• The bottom of the "V" only needs to be 10 cm (=P) above the bottom of the upstream channel,
• the approach channel (=B) only needs to be 2 ft. wide,

• Head (h) should be measured at a distance of at least 4h upstream of the weir.

 

Q = 4.28 C tan(θ/2)( h+k)^5/2

 

where

Q = flow rate (cfs)

C= Discharge Coefficient, C=0.578 for 90^o V notch

θ = v-notch angle ( 90^o

h = head on the weir (ft)

k = Head Correction factor(Ft)

• k (ft.) = 0.0144902648 - 0.00033955535 Ø + 3.29819003x10^-6 ز - 1.06215442x10^-8 س
  where Ø is the V notch angle in degrees ( 90^o

 

 

Source: ENVO PROJECTS. NEW DELHI-25 9899300371, 9810004529

 

MSW anaerobic digestion

http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/sofos/Ostrem_Thesis_final.pdf

MSW, municipal solid waste management, solid waste management, bio gas plant, 

DEWATS-decentralised waste water treatment system---Baffle reactor anaerobic

http://www.sozialstruktur.org/en/files/DEWATS05_09small.pdf

 

 

DEWATS-decentralised waste water treatment system---Baffle reactor anaerobic, hospital waste water treatment