SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VARIOUS INDIAN CITIES

 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VARIOUS INDIAN CITIES  .TAKEN  FROM  DOWN TO EARTH  MAGAZINE  (CSE)

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Decentralised treatment options introduced in new rules.

The earlier rules relied on costly centralised facilities for treating and disposing municipal wastes while approximately 50 per cent of it can be easily turned into compost at the local level. Thus, the draft rules have made the much-needed provision for providing incentives to decentralised waste treatment facilities. 

http://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/a-clean-country-in-the-offing-with-new-solid-waste-rules-49484

Dear All,

First of all, I would like to ofeer Thanks for incorporating few new aspects like involvement of Informal Sectors (especially the Scrap Dealers) and also emphasising the Decentralised Composting and the Collection of Users' Charge. 
However, I would like to know the scopes for the following too .... 
(a) Adequate provisions with added importance on the Health Concern fo the Waste Pickers / Handlers, be it in case of House to House Collection of Segregated Solid Wastes or the Decentralised Composting or waste trasformation in the Informal Sectors like Scrap Dealers.
(b) Decentralisaion of all others aspects like Source Management, Collection, Segragation, Waste Transformation, M&E etc. apart from that in Composting.
(c) Emphasising the Labour intensive Approach for the decentralised activities, alongwith demotivating the highly mechanised process.
(d) Full stop for the unsustained Waste to Energy Approaches.
(c) Strict efforts for Monitoring and Evaluation

Proper redress for the abovesiad issues may eventually make the whole Solid Waste Management Approach more meaningful and result oriented.
Hoping for the Best and all success for "Near Zero" to "Zero Waste Plan" under each Municipalities.
Thanks and Regards.
Nripendra Kumar Sarma
Guwahati, Assam, India

Decentralised integrated solid waste, waste water and solar energy project at New Motibagh, New Delhi

please read http://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/the-waste-conundrum-44092

Waste Water Management: About 70% of the 8 lakh litres of water supplied to the residents, that is, 5.6 lakh litres of waste water generated is treated in a decentralized waste water treatment plant within the campus using the Moving Bed Bio-reactor (MBBR) technology. There is a net savings of Rs.5 lakhs per annum due to direct and indirect savings from a decentralized Waste Water Treatment plant (WWTP) in the campus whose running cost is Rs.55.55 lakhs as opposed to the centralized sewerage system costing Rs.60.62 lakhs.  

The energy savings from 300 solar street lights at the GPRA complex, covering internal roads, common areas, parking lots and bunglows, help in saving Rs.32.28 lakhs per annum. Along with solar water heaters, the savings on electricity is close to Rs.35 lakhs a year.    

Therefore, a decentralised integrated solid waste, waste water and energy project for about 1000 households can achieve clean and green surroundings and financial savings to the tune of Rs.40-50 lakhs per annum

http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/garbage-to-gold--29414

Garbage to gold  at mumbai

Though Gowariker and his colleagues are confident of the technology, they caution that refuse pelletisation is not the only or best way to deal with the growing urban garbage problem. Gowariker points out, "A product mix of compost and fuel pellets may be more appropriate, depending on the financial situation and the demand."

http://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/delhi-s-solid-waste-a-systemic-failure-56776

Delhi’s solid waste: a systemic failure

What can Delhi do?

We need hybrid solutions. We need a landfill, but only for rejects and inerts. We need waste to energy, but then such plants should ensure that they run on segregated waste only. With over 50 per cent biodegradable waste, there is high potential to compost or generate biogas out of the segregated wet waste. And all this cannot work, unless we segregate at source. With over thousands of crores being spent on collection and transportation, time has come to think out of the box. We can learn from our neighbours and cities across India that are doing commendable work on waste management.

Look at the Alleypey model, where residents have taken it upon themselves to segregate and treat waste at source. It is the best model in the country on decentralised waste management. We can even look at Panjim; the municipal corporation not only ensures segregation at source, but also segregates dry waste into 30 different categories. And then there is Mysuru, Suryapet, Bobbili and a lot of other cities that are doing commendable work. They have adopted local solutions, not global to become zero-waste cities. The CSE has documented cities that are doing commendable work on waste management.

Government notifies new solid waste management rules

http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/solid-waste-management-rules-2016-53443

http://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/a-clean-country-in-the-offing-with-new-solid-waste-rules-49484

Segregation at source should therefore be at the heart of municipalities’ solid waste management system. The only city that has truly adopted segregation is Panaji. Municipal officials have ensured a citywide system that is designed to collect household waste on different days for different waste streams. This ensures separation. It is combined with penalties for non-segregated waste and has promoted colony-level processing as well. Most importantly, for the bulk of commercial establishments such as hotels it has a bag-marking system so that any non-compliance can be caught and fined.

In Kerala’s Alappuzha segregation happens differently. Here the municipality does not collect waste because it has no place to take it to for disposal. The city’s only landfill has been sealed by villagers who live in its vicinity. This withdrawal of the municipality from waste management has meant that the people have to manage their waste, or be drowned in it. They segregate and compost what they can. The compost is used for growing vegetables and plants in their homesteads. The problem is how to handle all the non-biodegradable waste—paper, plastic, aluminum tins, etc. This is where the government has stepped in. It promotes collection through the already well-organised informal waste-recycling sector. The municipality has ended up saving a huge capital cost it would have otherwise incurred for collection and transportation.

http://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/solving-india-s-garbage-problem-53956

Waste smart cities  http://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/waste-smart-cities-54119

How to make your own HOME COMPOSTER FOR FOOD WASTE FROM KITCHEN

How to make your own HOME COMPOSTER FOR FOOD WASTE FROM KITCHEN

 Inputs:

Do Compost: ∙ Vegetable Scraps ∙ Fruit rinds, cores, pits and peels ∙ Coffee grounds and filters ∙ Tea bags and loose leaf tea ∙ Pasta, breads, cereals, grains ∙ Paper napkins, towels ∙ Egg shells

 Do Not Compost: ∙ Meat ∙ Fish and poultry ∙ Bones ∙ Oily foods ∙ Cheese ∙ Butter and dairy products ∙ Other animal products

Process:

Waste is collected and brought to the site where it is first sorted out and shredded to a consistent size. cut everything down to 1.5" size It is than put inside the composter.

One of the easiest ways to compost non-meat food waste is using a garbage can sunk in the ground. You can use an old or new can, but it should have a tight-fitting lid. Galvanized metal cans work well and do not rust. Volume as per capacity. Drill or punch about 30 drain holes, 1/4 to 3/8 inches in diameter, in the can bottom and around the lower sides. If the lid is not tight-fitting or if you do not have a lid, you can make a lid from a piece of plywood and strap it on with bungee cords. Dig a hole  in a well-drained corner of your yard and set the can into the hole, pushing soil around the sides to firmly plant the can (see our drawing). You’re ready to compost!

Composting To compost, put vegetable-based food scraps in your can, alternately layering with some dry leaves, sawdust, or shredded newspaper. The texture of the finished compost will depend on the materials composted and how long they spend in the can, and may range from a wet slurry to a dark, crumbly substance similar to soil. Depending on your food habits, your composter will likely fill in four to eight months

Harvesting the Compost To harvest, shovel the top layer of un-composted food to one side and shovel the dark, soil-like compost from the bottom. Finished compost should be dry and sweet smelling; if it is wet and smelly, mix it with some soil before using. In the meantime, make room for more food scraps in the can by replacing the layer of un-composted food in the can or burying it in a trench in the garden. Or, set up a second can. Use one until full and then switch to the second, switching any un-composted food scraps between the two. Using Finished Compost The most common uses of compost are as a soil enhancer for planting.

How to make or get accelerators or Bio cultures?

Bio cultures are required with cooked foods it is necessary to accelerate the decomposition.

WE SUPPLY THIS BIO CULTURE

HOW IT WORKS:

Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio: = 30:1
This is the first law one has to adhere to in order to ensure
rapid composting. Every ingredient you add into your
composter has it's own inherent C/N ratio, like

·         Grass clipping         = 15:1

·         Soft wood chips      = 226:1

·         Vegetable Waste     = 11:1

·         Poultry Manure       = 10:1

What you decide put into your composter the first day is the
weighted average of each of the individual items' C/N Ratio.
My ingredients, for example, are predominantly Grass Clippings
and Soft wood chips and I have computed my ratio to be 3 parts
grass clippings and 2 parts soft wood chips. You have to
perform the same calculation as I have, in order to arrive at
your final predominant ingredient ratio

.
Note: Remember to cut everything down to 1.5" size.

Water
A 50% water content is necessary. This means the composter
may have to be watered from time to time if it appears dry and
the side vents will have to be left open if it appears wet. 50%
water content is as wet as a wrung out sponge. If you see
water settling on the bottom, it is too wet.


After the 3rd day of composting, when the waste (future
compost) has gone down to half it's original volume, the 55
Gallon drum is now only 1/2 full. This amount is below it's
critical mass and will loose heat at night when it the ambient is
cooler. This way you will loose 8 hours of valuable composting
time cutting into your 17 day harvest cycle. What I do is place a
20mil plastic sheet over the waste in order to insulate the
material and speed up the process.

Aeration
Turn the barrel at least once every day. If you do that, the
entire process will take 2.5 weeks, or 17 days. If you turn every
other day and all other conditions are correct, the process will
take 25 days. Quite an amazing feat, considering a left alone
compost pile will take a whole year to mature.

Fine Tuning
If  you keep to the turning/tumbling schedule, one of 3 things
can go wrong and needs to be rectified mid-course.

·         Add/subtract Water.

·         Add Carbon rich ingredient (High C/N Ratio).

·         Add Nitrogen Rich ingredient (Low C/N Ratio).

As long as the ingredients are moist, a pile not heating up over
120˚F indicates not enough nitrogen, while one that smells bad
indicates not enough carbon. Either condition can be
corrected by adding the required ingredient.

Note: Never add anything else, mid course, or your 17 day
timetable will be altered.

COMPOST

The end product is this sweet smelling black gold that has to be sun
dried for a day or two (10% moisture content) and stored or
used immediately in your garden. One Ton of BMW will produce approx. 500 KG of compost

Issue Nothing is happening. Barrel doesn't seem to be heating up at all. Cause - Not enough nitrogen - Not enough oxygen - Not enough moisture - Compost is finished. Resolution - Make sure you have enough nitrogen rich sources like manure, grass clippings or food scraps. - Rotate the Barrel - A completely dry pile doesn't compost

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