STANDARDS FOR POTABLE WATER and drinking water treatment

STANDARDS FOR POTABLE WATER :

Suspended Solids < 500 ppm

Turbidity < 10 ppm

B-Coli—NIL

M.P.N. – one number in 100 ml

Hardness <100 ppm="">

Chloride<250 ppm="<!--250--">

Iron and Manganese < 0.3 ppm

PH= 6.5 to 8

Lead< 0.1 ppm

Arsenic< 0.05 ppm

Sulphate < 250 ppm

Carbonate Alkalinity < 120 ppm

Dissolved Oxygen = 5 to 6 ppm

B.O.D—NIL

Any parameter above the limits as mentioned above will require treatment .

           TABLE OF WATER PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS :

Problem	Process	How it Works	Equipment Used
Turbidity - cloudy water that will clear if left to set for a few minutes	Filtration	Mechanically traps particles between pores of media	Filter tank and media with automatic backwashing head. Media will vary depending on application
Turbidity - cloudy water that will not clear if left to set for a few minutes.	Flocculation	Chemicals are added that will grow large particles that will settle out and then can be mechanically removed by filtration	solution feed pumps, static mixers, and filters
Low pH - Blue-green staining-pin hole leaks in pipes caused by corrosive water	Acid Neutralisation	There are two ways to do this: 1. Dissolves sacrificial media (limestone) to raise pH and at the same time increases the hardness. 2. A pump injects a solution that raises the pH. The solution is usually made by dissolving soda ash (baking soda) or potash (baking soda with potassium instead of sodium)	Filter with AN (acid neutralizer) for technique #1 and solution feed pump for technique #2.
Gas and VOC removal. Not for hydrogen sulfide removal. Radon at less than 5000pCi/L	Adsorption	Gases attach themselves to the surface of the activated carbon. The carbon must eventually be replaced	Filter with GAC (granular activated carbon)
Iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide- Staining and Odor problems. hydrogen sulfide has an odor that is usually egg like. The staining can be any color from orange to brown to black	Oxidation Filtration	The material being removed is first oxidized . The oxidation causes a precipitate to be formed. The precipitated material is filtered. For instance, to remove iron the oxidation causes the dissolved iron to turn to rust and make the water cloudy red. Once the iron has rusted, it is a particle that can be mechanically filtered.	Air injection systems use air for the oxidation process and chlorine systems use chlorine for the oxidation process. Air is introduced by a venturi and chlorine maybe introduce by either a solution feed pump or a dry pellet down the well chlorinator. The filter maybe any of the mechanical filters mentioned above.
Hardness, iron, manganese, tannins - Hardness causes scaling. Iron and manganese stains will have colors ranging from orange to black. Tannins will make the water tea colored.	Ion Exchange	The system simply replaces the material that is to be removed with one that is more desirable. The total amount of material in the water does not change, only the kind of material. The materials that are usually introduced into the water are either sodium or potassium. Chloride ions will be added only when an anion resin is used.	Water Conditioner (softener) with either cation or anion resin. The anion will only be used when there is a tannin problem. See our Technetic water softener
TDS, salt, nitrates, gross alpha	Reverse Osmosis (RO)	RO uses pressure to force water through a plastic membrane leaving the minerals behind where they are flushed down the drain. Although this is not filtration, many people visualize this as filtration on the atomic level because molecules are being separated from one another. RO is usually done at the point of use (POU) and only for the water that will be used to drink or cook with.	Reverse osmosis system at either the point of use (POU) or point of entry (POE).
Radon	AERATION	Aeration drives the radon gas off by bubbling air through the water. The agitation caused by the air removes the gas in a similar fashion to shaking a soda to make it fizz.	Shallow tray aeration from NEEP .

                           

mini water supply scheme at FLUORIDE effected area of Bihar by PHED BIHAR

mini water supply scheme at FLUORIDE effected area of Bihar by PHED BIHAR

http://www.slideshare.net/Arvindkumar212/ppt-on-mini-water-supply-scheme

Iron Removal filter for a house with Iron media like BIRM , GREEN SAND and MNO2

Know the signs to identify iron in water

Look for these signs around your home that can indicate iron in your water:

• Dry, itchy skin
• Dull hair
• Worn, scratchy clothes
• Lime scale or other build up around drains, faucets, and fixtures
• Water that takes a lot of soap or time to lather
• Rust-colored stains in sinks and tubs

LIMIT:Iron and Manganese < 0.3 ppm

Iron Water Treatment: The most common method of removing iron from borewell water is by using Manganese Greensand or BIRM.

Product Name: Iron Filter for a small house
Description :
FLOW::1000 LPH (Liter per Hour)
 VESSEL : FRP PENTAIR 

·        Filter Media: MnO_{2,Green sand} , Birm Media, Activated Carbon, Anthracite,Treated Sand, Fine Sand, Gravels, and Sodium hypo Chloride (Filtering Media used as per the water test report, so,water test report compulsory)

·         Pipeline: Frontal 1” pipe with Multiport Valve for service, Backwashing & rinse etc.

·         
      Cost : Rs.19,500/= Per piece. Tax and transport extra.
      Maintenance Cost:The Iron Media will last 3 years minimum and the FRP vessel life is 20 years.
      Labour Cost: Minimum labour is required.
      
PLS CONTACT US AT saleemasraf@gmail.com , 09899300371
        
      For most residential situations, a 1000LPH is the maximum you should consider.Other capacities available are 2000 LPH, 3000LPH, 4000LPH and 5000 LPH.  

       ABOUT THE IRON REMOVAL MEDIA

          An iron problem is characterized by the red-brown staining of bathroom fixtures and laundry. In well water, iron usually occurs in its ferrous state. The water is clear when drawn but once exposed to air the iron changes into a ferric (oxidized) state. The water turns red and forms insoluble “rust” particles. Staining can be caused by as little as 0.3 milligrams per litre (mg/L).

industries like pulp and paper mills, tanneries, textile plants, dye houses and laundries, it is almost impossible to operate with iron or manganese bearing waters since they would produce objectionable stains, streaks, spots and off-colors on many manufactured products. Iron and manganese also foul ion exchange resins. Hence, it is necessary to include a pre treatment stage in most ion exchange processes. 
If the major problem in borewell water is iron, then the best solution is to go for either a Manganese Greensand or BIRM treatment of the well water.

BIRM is an efficient and economical method of removing dissolved iron and manganese compounds from raw water supplies.The physical characteristics of Birm provide an excellent filter media which is easily cleaned by backwashing to remove the precipitant. Birm is not consumed by iron removal and therefore offers a tremendous economic advantage over many other iron removal methods. Birm is not meant for removal of hydrogen sulfide or that "rotten egg" odor. A manganese green sand media,  is more suited for that task.

Advantages:

• No chemicals to purchase for
  maintenance. Regeneration not
  required.
• Iron removal efficiency is extremely high.
• Works best at PH 6.8 or above.
• Negligible labor cost: 
• Durable material with a long life and wide temperature range.

Greensand is formulated from a glauconite greensand which is capable of removing iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide from water through oxidation and filtration. Manganese and soluble iron are oxidized and precipitated by contact with higher oxides of manganese on the greensand granules. The hydrogen sulfied is eliminated by oxidation to sulfate and an insoluble precipitate. When the manganese greensand bed is saturated, it is regenerated with a weak potassium permanganate solution which is rinsed down the drain. The potassium permanganate is available locally at nearly all hardware and home improvement stores.You will need guidance to set the backwashing dosing of potassium permanganate, so contact some experienced person for it.

Advantages:

• Iron reduction over wide pH range
• Effective reduction of hydrogen sulfide in addition to iron and/or manganese
• No harmful effects from a chlorine feed
• Low attrition for long bed life

Manganese di oxide: It helps elimination of iron, hydrogen sulphide, and manganese from water supplies.

You will need to consult an expert in water treatment to decide on the best treatment for well water with high iron content.

Write to me with details to saleemasraf@gmail.com