RAMAZAN ZDS ZAKAT FITR Fidya Kafarah by syed ahmad shah

ONLINE ZAKAT CALCULATOR

 http://www.islamic-relief.org/zakat/zakat-calculator/?gclid=Cj0KEQjws_m6BRCv37WbtNmJs-IBEiQAWKKt0IcObYYBkun4rarjfghmUQ6rlTSLj1nzjvbMPRQvYQoaAtj38P8HAQ

Manju ka,

Regarding zakat, what I know are

1. Eligibility for zakat: If you have more than 7 and half  tolas of Gold or 52 and half tolas of Silver. 

2.Items on which zakat is to be given: Please go through the zakat calculator (Attached),you will understand yourself..It is more like wealth tax. It is on the amount lying with you for one year.A man may earn Rs. 1 lakh a month but spends the entire amount of his salary, is not liable to play Zakat, even if he had earned Rs. 12 Lakhs a year.

3.Financial year: Take any date in the month of ramadan  Ramadan is gud for remembering the date.

4.What about the fluctuating value of gold and the amount of zakat to be paid : Always take a higher value.Its always better to pay more than pay less zakat.

Please share your knowledge.
regards
saleem

**************************************************************************

Saleem

Zakat is not income tax. It is more like wealth tax. It is on
the amount lying with you for one year.


A man may earn Rs. 1 lakh a month but spends the entire amount of his
salary, is not liable to play Zakat, even if he had earned Rs. 12 Lakhs
a year.

The calculation of the financial year is extremely important. It should
be calculated from the day you have become Sahibe Nisaab. Note down the
Lunar date (Arabic calender) and also the amount you have with you. Say
you have Rs. 2 lakh (the day you have crossed the value of 7 and half
tolas of Gold or 52 and half tolas of Silver). Then, exactly on the
same date next year calculate how much money you have. Say, it is Rs. 5
Lakh. Then your Zakat will be due on Rs. 2 Lakh. (The rest of the
amount, that is Rs. three lakh, have not completed one year.) Again
next year, on the same date suppose you have Rs. 10 lakhs with you.
Then Zakat will be payable on Rs. 5 Lakh which completed a year.
Although it appears to be simple I was initially confused about one
thing. That is, what about the amount that completes a year in the
middle of YOUR FINANCIAL YEAR. I thought that Zakat will be payable on
that too. No one could give me satisfactory answer to that. But reading
books I could make out that the identification of the FINANCIAL YEAR is
important. Accordingly I have decided on the formula above. Of course
there are many other fine points (masails) to be taken note of. But
broadly that is what I understand.


Since I could not remember when I became a Sahib e Nisaab, I have
taken the 15th Ramzan as the date to calculate my Financial Year. This
may not be entirely correct, but at least it gives me a convenient
reference point. I am no scholar on the subject. I am only stating what
I understand. There may be points of disagreement.

Whatever written of Truth and benefit is only due to Allahs Assistance and Guidance, and whatever of error is of me. Allah Alone Knows Best and He is the Only Source of Strength. 

Your Brother in Islam,

Assalaamualaikum,


Manju syedahmed.shah

*****************************************************************
 Saleem,

I have added one very important correction. Please rectify the mistake
I have made. It is regarding the zakatable amount.

The completion of one year is necessary only regards to your being
considered a Sahib e nisaab or not. Otherwise you are liable to pay
Zakat on the amount lying with you on the completion of the relevant
financial year.

That means if you get Rs. 10,00,000/- only a month before the due date
of calculation, it is also zakatable. I have corrected my position
after doing some reading and confirmed it from my spiritual teacher.

I sincerely apologise for the confusion.

Khuda hafiz,

Assalaamualaikum,

Manju  syedahmed.shah

********************************************

Its time to think about Zakat , May people does not know even his Zakat
is due.


The tool Zakat Calulator will help them who knows computer.


Common muslim does not know how to calculate Zakat.


Even people say '....as I do not have 9.5 tola GOLD , I am not liable.
"ý and feel happy.


For salaried person , every month 2.5% of his salary should be
accumulated separately ( and should not be touched in any condition )
and give to people as mentioned in Quran . This is very simple. and
straight .




I think ZDS ( Zakat deduction at source ) is better.

If you pay your zakat dues to the poor and needy that you know (and especially if they are from among your poor relatives), then that is better than giving it to someone whom you do not know. As your poor relatives have a bigger right on you than the others.

Zakat can be paid out to any of the following eight deservants as ordained by Allah in the Glorious Quran:

Holy Quran Chapter 9 Surah Taubah verse 60: Zakat Collections are for the needy, and the indigent, and for those who are employed to collect them, and for those whose hearts are to be won over, and for the ransoming of slaves, and for helping the debtors, and the way of Allah, and for the hospitality of the way-farers.

When to Pay Zakat:

While Zakat can be paid anytime during the Islamic lunar year, many people prefer to pay it during ramazan.

Fitr 

Fitr or Fitrana, is compulsory charity paid by Muslims at the end of the fasting month. Every adult Muslim who possesses food in excess of his/her needs (approx. 2kg) must pay Fitr for him/herself and on behalf of dependants.

The accepted amount for Zakat ul Fitr is Rs50/= per head. Though this is payable until the morning before Eid Prayer, we urge donors to give theirs in advance. By doing so, you’ll be allowing the families who rely on your Fitr to make their preparations for Eid.

The Prophet (may Allaah raise his rank and grant him peace) ordered that a fasting person give out Zakaat al-Fitr at the end of Ramadhan – one saa’ of staple food on behalf of yourself and each person you are responsible for. [1]

What is a Saa’?

A Prophetic saa’ ( صاع ) is not a weight measurement.  It was and still is a measurement of volume, similar to the size of a large salad bowl.  It is made up of four mudds, and a mudd ( مد ) is a smaller container, close to the size of a small salad bowl.

To be precise, a Prophetic mudd in modern volume measurements is 0.75L (or 750mL), which means that a saa’ is three litres.

 The most common understanding is that one sa'a is equivalent to 2.5 kilograms (5 pounds) of wheat. Each individual Muslim is to give away this amount -- man or woman, adult or child, sick or healthy, old or young. The senior member of the household is responsible for paying the amount on behalf of the family.

So a family of four individuals (2 adults + 2 children of any age) should purchase and give away 10 kilograms  of wheat.

“The Scholars have Specified the Saa’ as 2.172 Kilograms” [?]

In a translation of a fatwaa from the Permanent Committee of Scholars in Saudi Arabia, headed by Shaykh Ibn Baaz (may Allaah have Mercy on him), there seems to be a specification of 2.172 kilograms as one saa’.

It is preferable (and some scholars say mandatory) to give the zakat-ul-fitr as food to the poor and needy of the society. But if one is not able to personally give out the food as zakat-ul-fitr, it is permissible to give the equivalent amount to an organization who collects the zakat-ul-fitr; and they in turn will purchase the food on your behalf and give it to the poor and needy.

When to Pay Sadaqa Al-Fitr

Sadaqa Al-Fitr is a charitable donation linked directly to the month of Ramadan. One must make the donations in the days or hours just prior to the Eid Al-Fitr holiday prayer. This prayer occurs early on the first morning of Shawwal, the month following Ramadan.

Who Benefits From Sadaqa Al-Fitr

Sadaqa Al-Fitr is intended for members of the Muslim community who do not have enough to feed themselves and their family members. It is traditionally given directly to individuals in need. In some places, one may take the donation directly to a known needy family. In other places, the local mosque may collect all of the food donations for distribution to appropriate community members. It is recommended that the food be donated within one's local community. However, some Islamic charitable organizations accept cash donations which they use to purchase food for distribution in famine or disaster-affected regions.

Its payment in money

Al-Qaradawi explains why the Prophet appointed Sa` as the measure and did not prescribe it in money saying that in his opinion there are two reasons for this: First, money was still rare among the Arabs particularly the Bedouins. They did not have their own currency. So if the Prophet had prescribed it in money, he would have caused hardship to them. Second, the purchasing power of money changes from time to time. For instance, the purchasing power of a certain currency sometimes becomes low and other times high, so paying Zakat al-Fitr in money makes its value unstable. That is why the Prophet prescribed it with a stable measure, that is an amount of food which fulfils the needs of one family. For one Sa` provides a family with food for a whole day.

The Hanafis permitted the payment of Zakat al-Fitr in money. This is the view of Al-Thawri, Al-Hasan al-Basri, and `Umar ibn `Abd al-`Aziz. However, the other three schools did not permit this. Their argument is that the Prophet did not do so and hence its payment in money contradicts the Sunnah of the Prophet. But some contemporary scholars support the Hanafi view since this is easier nowadays for the payer particularly in cities where people use only money for dealings. Among them are Sheikh Shaltut, al-Ghazali, and al-Qaradawi[28] who mentioned earlier the two reasons for which the Prophet did not prescribe it in money. He also stated that the purpose of Zakat al-Fitr is to fulfil the needs of the poor and this is achieved also by payment in money and that in most cases and most countries the payment in money is more useful to the poor.[29] He also mentioned that when the Prophet prescribed it from food, it was easy for the payer and useful for the recipient during that time. But nowadays to pay it in food is not useful for the poor because he cannot make use, for instance, of wheat or dates unless he sells them with any price, generally low, to buy his needs with the money.[30] 

Al-Qaradawi excluded the times of famines where the payment of food is more useful for the recipients and said that the criterion is the benefit of the poor so if food proves to be more useful as in times of famines and catastrophes, then its payment in kind is better. But if money is more useful, then its payment in money is better.[31] 

Nowadays, if we consider the condition in the Muslim world in general and that of Muslims in the West in particular we will discover that the second view is more convenient with the spirit of Islamic legislation and the present condition of Muslims. As we will see later when Muslims living in the West decide to transfer their Zakah funds or some of them to needy Muslims in Muslim countries, then the payment in money is more convenient. 

The required amount of zakat ul-fitr is one sa' of wheat, barley, raisins, dry cottage cheese (aqit), rice, corn, or similar items considered as basic foods (qut). Abu Hanifah made it permissible to set aside, as a zakat ul-fitr, an equivalent value and also said that if the payer pays in wheat, one-half of a sa' would be sufficient.

Sadaqah al-Fitr is one kilo 633 gram wheat or three kilo 266 gram barley- Allah knows Best! Darul Ifta,Darul Uloom Deoband (Fatwa: 955/966/H=10/1436)

Fidya – for Old person, poor health

Fidya is payable by those who are unable to fast during the month of Ramadan for valid reasons (due to poor health etc.) Such a person must pay to feed a poor person (2 meals a day) for every day of fasting he/she misses. This is called Fidya.

Pay fidyah equal to one Sadaqah al-Fitr in return of each fast. Sadaqah al-Fitr is one kilo 633 gram wheat or three kilo 266 gram barley which should be paid to poor and needy ones.Darul Ifta,Darul Uloom Deoband (Fatwa: 955/966/H=10/1436)

Kafarah  

Kafarah is payable by those who intentionally don’t fast during Ramadan, without a valid reason. The compensation for each fast broken is to feed a person (2 meals a day) for 60 days. This is called Kafarah.

Alternatively such a person must fast for 60 consecutive days.

MAINTAIN D BLOODS pH BALANCE @ 7.4 OR GET HEART PROBLEM,SINUSITIS,SKIN DISEASES

 acidosis is said to occur when arterial pH falls below 7.35, while its counterpart (alkalosis) occurs at a pH over 7.45. Arterial blood gas analysis and other tests are required to separate the main causes.

The term pH stands for Potential Hydrogen, which is the concentration of hydrogen ions in a substance or solution. The pH range is 0 to 14. Human blood pH is ideally 7.35. Higher numbers indicate alkalinity; lower numbers indicate acidity.

The body simply cannot tolerate extended acid imbalances. In the early stages of an imbalance, symptoms may include such things as skin eruptions, headaches, allergies, colds and flu, and sinus problems. As things get further out of kilter, weakened systems start to give way. If tissue pH deviates too far to the acid side, oxygen levels decrease and cells die.

On the other side of the coin, it is virtually impossible for a health disorder or disease to sustain itself when your pH is in the neutral zone (7.0-7.4). At this level, the body has a strong immunity to diseases. 

acidic blood blocks vitamin absorption, creates toxic buildup in clogged cells, slows organ function, prevents proper digestion, creates excess gas and bloating, causes unhealthy weight gain, and speeds the aging process.

When pH is lower than 7.0, aging is accelerated because natural acid salts build up in the walls of your cells, causing them to stiffen and dry up. By the same token, aging is slowed when acid waste is removed from the body.

High acid also allows LDL-cholesterol (the bad cholesterol) to build up faster in your arteries, damaging artery walls and creating plaque buildup.

High acidity enters your body when you eat processed foods, pre-packaged foods, sugary foods, pastas, dairy products (milk, cheese, ice cream, etc.), alcoholic beverages, drugs, table salt. Meats also promote acidity.

Stress plays a significant role in creating excess acid. This is why Type A personalities - who tend to live in a perpetual state of tension and rigidity - are prone to develop acidic conditions. If you don't get enough sleep or exercise or face life-changing events - loss of a job, divorce, moving to a new city, etc. - your body probably has more acid than it can handle.

Restoring the balance

Moderate changes in your diet can help restore your pH balance. For starters, try eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, almonds, and yogurt. And go lighter on cheeses, soft drinks, alcohol, processed foods, and sweeteners (use raw honey instead). Roughly 75 percent of your diet should consist of alkaline-producing foods.

If these dietary changes seem too oppressive, you might consider taking alkaline supplements. One recent study looked at whether supplementation with alkaline minerals would influence symptoms in patients with chronic low back pain. Researchers gave 82 such patients 30 grams of a lactose-based alkaline mineral supplement (Basica) daily over a period of four weeks in addition to their medication.

Pain symptoms were measured using the Arbus Low Back Pain Rating Scale. Average pain scores significantly dropped by 49 percent, total blood buffering capacity was significantly improved, and blood pH increased. The conclusion: an unbalanced pH level may contribute to the symptoms of low back pain.

To lower your stress level, which will help put your pH reading in the normal range, you may want to try deep-breathing exercises and eating alkaline foods or what ever type of relaxation technique works for you. Moderate exercise - even walking 10 minutes a day - can also go a long way toward reducing stress and restoring balance, the key to good health.

Source: http://www.losethebackpain.com/treatments/bloodphlevelsandpain.html

Possible Lifestyle Changes for Acidosis
To rebalance and raise the blood pH, it is beneficial to eat 50% raw fruits and vegetables (with the exception of plums, prunes, and cranberries which remain as acid in the body). Carrot juice is beneficial to re-establish balance. Deep breathing may be included in the treatment program. Smokers should stop smoking as soon as possible. Not smoking can prevent the development of many severe lung diseases that can lead to respiratory acidosis.

- - - - - - - - - - - - Back to Top - - - - - - - - - - - -Acid and Alkaline Self Test
Purchasing litmus paper and applying saliva to the paper will indicate whether your body fluids are to acidic or too alkaline. Litmus paper will change color to indicate pH levels of body fluids. Red litmus paper turns blue in alkaline and blue litmus paper turns red in an acid. These tests should be performed before eating or one hour after eating.

- - - - - - - - - - - - Back to Top - - - - - - - - - - - -In accordance with FDA regulation, we do not make any therapeutic claims for any Dietary Supplements in accordance with the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act.
Beneficial Supplements
Alkalizers assist in raising blood and body fluid pH levels. These may be formulated supplements or individual nutrients.

Sulfur acts as a buffer to maintain proper pH levels.

Phosphorus is a mineral that helps convert food to energy.

Kelp (Seaweed) is high in alkaline and other healthy nutrients.

Coral Calcium contains natural mineral alkalizers.

Ionized Oxygen supports cell oxygen levels and increases energy and stamina while reducing acidity levels.

Coenzyme A supports the immune system and detoxifies the body of many dangerous substances.

Elder Bark, Hops and Willow reduce stress.

REFERENCES: Prescription for Nutritional Healing, Third Edition, Phyllis Balch, CNC; James F. Balch, M.D.

Homeopathy:
Homeopathy addresses deep seated disharmonies from the perspective of the person, not just their symptoms, so giving a remedy for hyperacidity will rarely cover the underlying cause. The following remedies have been known to aid acid excesses and should be used only for ACUTE problems: Consult a Homeopath for additional remedies. 1. Robinia: everything turns to acid; burning sensation with regurgitation of acids with severe sharp pains and vomiting.
2. Natrum Phosphoricum: belching after food; sour vomiting; very sensitive individual with a delicate/refined nature.
3. Hydrastis: strong affinity to mucus membranes; indigestion; belches sour fluids; pulsating symptoms.
4. Iris Versicolor: burning sensations along entire alimentary canal; vomits sour or bloody vile; nausea; profuse saliva.
5. Nux Vomica: indigestion; heartburn all symptoms relate to overdoing or excess (alcohol/food/drugs/etc.); sensitive to pressure in stomach; liver remedy with anger, irritability and impatience; type A.
6. Sulphuric Acid: fatigue; nervous but keeps going; irritability at minor things; sour vomiting and belching; vomits mucus, not food; nausea and chilliness.

PRIDE AND PREJUDICE BY JANE AUSTEN ONLINE BOOK http://www.austen.com/pride/vol1ch01.htm

read online

http://www.austen.com/pride/vol1ch01.htm

ZAKAT CALCULATION:REFERENCE SITES

ZAKAT CALCULATION:REFERENCE SITES:

Zakat is Farz to every rich muslim Malik-e-Nisab.You can calculate the Zakat due on you with the help of the following web sites :

Online ZAKAT CALCULATOR  http://muttaqun.com/zakatcalc.xls   http://www.ramadhanzone.com/zakat_calculator.asp   http://www.getjar.com/products/12016/ZakatCalculator   http://www.charityalliance.in/contents/Zakatcalculator.xls

EVAPORATOR EFFLUENT WATER TREATMENT

EFFLUENT WATER TREATMENThttp://www.thermoenergy.com/water-technologies/industrial-solutions/effluent-water-treatment.aspx

Advanced Industrial Wastewater Treatment Strategies

Industry today is coping with two water issues: quality and quantity.  In many arid areas of the United States, the Middle East, Asia and Australia, water shortages due to drought and rising demand have put pressure on industry to conserve and use less process water.  Industry has two water quality issues.  Intake water often has to be purer than the water used for drinking and bathing.  In addition, discharges of process water in industrial treatmentsystems to streams, rivers, estuaries, and lakes require rigorous effluent treatment to reduce contamination of these water bodies.

Traditional Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Historically, water and wastewater treatment plants have used a a variety of strategies to remove contamination from their influent and effluent waters so that it can be either used as process water or discharged to the sanitary sewer.  Among the technologies that can be used for water and waste water treatment are ion exchange, reverse osmosis, filtration, flocculation, oil-water separators or biological treatments.  Most industrial plants that require high quality water have separate water and wastewater treatment systems with the influent water used in the plant and then sent as used process water to wastewater treatment plants.  The plant must then make a significant investment in separate water and wastewater treatment systems.

The Changing Economics of Process Water Use and Disposal

Today, the economics for industrial wastewater treatment and water treatment are changing because of water shortages, rising commodity prices and a higher degree of water and waste water treatment. Current average national prices are increasing more than the rate of inflation for water purchase and wastewater disposal.  Nationwide average wastewater disposal rates have increased by 12.1% from 2002-2004.  Historically, wastewater rates had risen 2-4% above the CPI from 1986 to 2002.  However, among industrial and commercial groups there are widely different wastewater discharge rates based on surcharges for carbon oxygen demand, solids content, flow of their wastewater and degree of effluent treatment.  Among the industry groups with the highest wastewater discharge rates are specialty food manufacturing, drum and barrel manufacturing, inorganic chemicals manufacturing, and paint manufacturing and others that use metals or solvents in their process.  Water purchase prices are also increasing faster than the CPI.

Rising costs for water, wastewater disposal and rising commodity prices have many corporations rethinking their water and waste water treatment strategies looking to reduce costs.  Instead of only considering environmental regulations in their decision making, companies are now looking at other factors in their waste water treatment capital investment models including:

1. Economic value of the commodities discharged in wastewater
2. Permit costs
3. Purchase costs for process water
4. Disposal Costs for wastewater
5. Waste Disposal costs
6. Costs of wastewater treatment systems

By considering all of these factors, one question arises-why can't we recover our process chemistry and our water from our effluent treatment and reuse these valuable resources in our plant to reduce our costs?

Advanced Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Recovery and reuse of process water in industrial treatment systems requires a new technological strategy based on the separation of process water from the process chemistry. These advanced industrial wastewater treatment system combine traditional off-the-shelf technologies such as membranes, reverse osmosis, micro- and ultrafiltration with newer systems that allow recovery of water and process chemistries at a standard of quality that can be reused or recycled back into your process.

ThermoEnergy's Resource and Recovery Technology

ThermoEnergy's product line is based on its proprietary Controlled Atmosphere Separation Technology (CAST).  This highly adaptable technology is combined with other traditional off-the shelf technologies such as ion exchange, carbon absorption etc. to provide a unique, efficient and cost effective treatment system that can recover at sufficient purity water, contaminates and feed stocks so that they can be reused or recycled.

The CAST technology adjusts temperature and pressure in a continuous flow system so that water or chemicals can be extracted based on their chemical and physical properties.  This technology has two configurations, the CAST system that extracts water from the waste materials such as in a metal finishing plant and the RCAST system that extracts volatile compounds from water such as  solvents from industrial wastewater.  By using a vacuum, sensible heat, segregation of waste streams and the chemical properties of compounds used, the CAST technology can be designed for a specific process and can separate a wide variety of materials from metals to volatile organic compounds. 

The diagram below illustrates the CAST technology:

How to Become the Lowest Cost Manufacturer through your wastewater treatment system:

As an example of what resource and recovery system can do for your plant, a CASTion client installed seven years ago several CAST systems for their chrome and nickel plating operation as a part of its zero liquid discharge process.  The CAST wastewater treatment plants have reduced chrome purchases by 93% and nickel purchases by 65%.  Process water demand has been reduced by 95% and the plant does not discharge any water to the sanitary sewer.  In the last three years nickel and chrome prices have increased by 75%. 

Today, this client because it recovers its process chemistry has a competitive advantage over its competition allowing them to be the lowest cost manufacturer in their industry.

Contact Us to learn more about our innovative effluent water treatment.

Zero Liquid Discharge Wastewater Solution

Zero Liquid Dischargehttp://www.evaporator.com/index.php?page=zero-liquid-discharge

Zero Liquid Discharge Wastewater Solution

Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) describes a process that completely eliminates liquid discharge from a system. The goal of any well-designed ZLD system is to minimize the volume of wastewater that requires treatment, process wastewater in an economically feasible manner, while also producing a clean stream suitable for reuse elsewhere in the facility. Interest in ZLD technology has grown in the industrial manufacturing sector over the past decade. Companies may begin to explore ZLD because of ever tightening wastewater disposal regulations, company mandated green initiatives, public perception of industrial impact on the environment, or concern over the quality and quantity of the water supply.

The equipment needed to achieve ZLD varies depending on the characteristics of the wastewater as well as the wastewater volume. Typical waste streams in an industrial setting include wastewater treatment reject typically from reverse osmosis (RO) or ion exchange, cooling tower blow down, spent coolants, DI regenerant, metal finishing wastewaters, tank or equipment washing wastewaters, and other miscellaneous industrial wastewaters such as compressor condensate and floor scrubber wash waters. The first step to achieving ZLD is to look for ways to limit the amount of wastewater that needs to be treated. Reducing the amount of wastewater almost always provides quick payback. For example, pre treating the water going to a cooling tower to reduce hardness and silica can increase the amount of time the water can be used before it becomes spent.

Once wastewater generation is minimized and the volume of wastewater that needs to be treated is known, you can then explore what equipment is needed. A traditional approach to ZLD is to use some sort of filtration technology, funnel the reject waters to an evaporator, and send the evaporator concentrate to a crystallizer or spray dryer. The downside to this is that the equipment to dewater the concentrate slurry tends to be very large and can be extremely expensive, which limits the cost effectiveness to only those with very large waste streams. The ENCON approach is unique because it uses cost effective, time-tested equipment that make it ZLD economically feasible for even moderately sized waste streams.

At the core of the ENCON ZLD solution is evaporation technology. Evaporation always figures prominently in most ZLD solutions because it has always been more "hands off" than other wastewater treatment methodologies resulting in a dramatically lower labor cost. Evaporation technology can handle a much wider range of waste streams compared to membranes and traditional physical / chemical treatment methodologies. Finally, evaporation does a much better job of concentrating waste streams compared to other methods, thereby yielding a lower cost for disposal.

Two types of evaporation technology are used in the ENCON ZLD solution. First, at a typical operating cost $0.01 - $0.02 per gallon of distillate, the ENCON Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC) Evaporator is also very energy efficient and yields a high quality distillate. Models are available that can process 40 to 4,000 gallons of distillate per hour. More information on the ENCON MVC evaporator can be found here in our Mechanical Vapor Compression section. Second, the ENCON Thermal Evaporator can be used with a variety of heat sources, such as natural gas, propane, #2 fuel oil, waste oil, steam, and electricity. Capacities range from 8 to 400 gallons per hour. More information on ENCON Thermal Evaporators can be found here in our thermal evaporator system section.

Please refer to the flow chart diagram to the right for a typical layout for ENCON's ZLD solution. Wastewater is fed to the ENCON MVC Evaporator followed by dewatering of the MVC concentrate by an ENCON Thermal Evaporator and a plate & frame filter press.

In the first stage, an MVC Evaporator is fed the wastewater and it yields distilled water and concentrate. The concentrate goes to a concentrate storage tank, which separates into slurry and supernatant layers. The supernatant layer gets pumped to an ENCON Thermal Evaporator, which further concentrates the liquid while exhausting water vapor to atmosphere. The concentrated slurry from the thermal evaporator is pumped back into the concentrate storage tank. The slurry layer from the tank is pumped into a thickener tank that is then pumped into a filter press. The filter press solids are dumped into a sludge disposal trough with filtrate going back to the concentrate tank.

A key feature of the ENCON approach to Zero Liquid Discharge is that it is can be implemented in stages over time. For example, a company may choose to install an ENCON MVC Evaporator to minimize their wastewater hauling expenses. A year or so later, they find that feeding a ENCON Thermal Evaporator from the MVC's concentrate holding tank to further reduce the volume of liquid waste makes financial and environmental sense. When the company finally decides to become a Zero Liquid Discharge facility, it is a simple matter of adding a filter press and accessories to the current wastewater process.

BHOOT JOLOKIYA

LONDON: The hottest Indian chilli 'Bhut Jolokia' will be available
across Britain this week, giving buyers a taste of hottest pepper in
the world.

Tesco says they are stocking the fiery food because of Britain's
current love affair with spicy stuff and hot chilli peppers in
general.

The Bhut Jolokia is an interspecific hybrid from the Assam region of
northeastern India and parts of neighbouring Bangladesh. It grows in
the Indian states of Assam, Nagaland and Manipur.

Bhut Jolokia scores a fearsome 1,001,304 points on the Scoville scale
that measures peppers' heat. The average jalapeno comes in at about
10,000.

"All I can say is that it is not for the faint-hearted or anyone with
a respiratory condition. It is an incredible sensation as the heat
continues to build for a good 30 second" a buyer was quoted, as saying
by The Daily Mail.

This extreme spice is used by the Indian security agencies to disperse
mobs and protesters.

The Bhut Jolokia as well as most of Tesco's other chillis are grown in
Blunham, Bedfordshire, by the UK's largest chilli grower, Salvatore
Genovese, who produces an incredible 150,000 chillis each day. (ANI)
--
http://www.saleemindia.blogspot.com