100 Questions on the The Holy Qura'an

 

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From: Rehana

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Subject: 100 Questions on the The Holy Qura'an

100 Questions on The Qura'an 1) What is the meaning of the word "Qur'an"? A) That which is Read. 2) Where was the Qur'an revealed first? A) In the cave of Hira (Makkah) 3) On which night was the Qur'an first revealed? A) Lailatul-Qadr (Night of the Power) 4) Who revealed the Qur'an? A) Allah revealed the Qur'an 5) Through whom was the Qur'an revealed? A) Through Angel Jibraeel (Alaihis-Salaam) 6) To whom was the Qur'an revealed? A) To the last Prophet, Muhammed (Sallahu Alaihi Wasallam) 7) Who took the responsibility of keeping the Qur'an safe? A) Allah himself 8) What are the conditions for holding or touching the Qur'an? A) One has to be clean and to be with wudhu (ablution) 9) Which is the book which is read most? A) The Qur'an 10) What is the topic of the Qur'an? A) Man 11) What are the other names of the Qur'an according to the Qur'an itself? A) A l-Furqaan, Al-Kitaab, Al-Zikr, Al-Noor,Al-Huda 12) How many Makki Surahs (chapters) are there in the Qur'an? A) 86 13) How many Madani Surahs (chapters) are there in the Qur'an? A) 28 14) How many Manzils (stages) are there in the Qur'an? A) 7 15) How many Paara or Juz (parts) are there in the Qur'an? A) 30 16) How many Surahs (chapters) are there in the Qur'an? A) 114 17) How many Rukoo (paragraphs) are there in the Qur'an? A) 540 18) How many Aayaath (verses) are there in the Qur'an? A) 6666 19) How many times is the word 'Allah' repeated in the Qur'an? A) 2698 20) How many different types of Aayaath (verses) are there in the Qur'an? A) 10 21) Who is the first 'Haafiz' of the Qur'an? A) Prophet Muhammed (Sallalahu Alaihi Wasallam) 22) At the time of the death of Prophet Muhammed (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) how many Huffaz were there? A) 22 23) How many Aayaath (verses) on Sajda (prostat ion) are there in the Qur'an? A) 14 24) In which Paara (part) and Surah (chapter) do you find the first verse about Sajda (prostation)? A) 9th Paara, 7th Chapter-Surah-al-Araaf, Verse 206 25) How many times has the Qur'an stressed about Salaat or Namaaz (prayer)? A) 700 times 26) How many times has the Qur'an emphasized on alms or charity? A) 150 27) How many times in the Qur'an, is the Prophet Muhammed (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) addressed asYaa-Aiyu-Han-Nabi? A) 11 times 28) Where in the Qur'an has Prophet Muhammed (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) been named 'Ahmed'? A) Paara 28th, Surah Saff, Ayath 6th 29) How many times has the name of Rasool-ullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) been mentioned in the Qur'an? A) Muhammed (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam)-4times Ahmed (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam)-1 time 30) Name the Prophet whose name is mentionedand discussed most in the Qur'an? A) Moosa (Alahis-Salaam) 31) Who were the Kaathibe-Wahi (copyists of the revelations) of the Qur'an? A) Abu Bakr (Radhiallahu Anhu), Usman (Radhiallahu Anhu), Ali (Radhiallahu Anhu), Zaid Bin Harith(Radhiallahu Anhu) And Abdullah bin Masood(Radhiallahu Anhu) 32) Who was the first person who counted the Aayaath (verses) of the Qur'an? A) Ayesha (Radhiallahu Anha) 33) On whose advice did Abu Bakr (Radhiallahu Anhu) decide to compile the Qur'an? A) Omer Farooq(Radhiallahu Anhu) 34) On whose order was the Qur'an compiled completely in written form? A) Abu Bakr (Radhiallahu Anhu) 35) Who confined the recitation of the Qur'an on the style of the Quraysh tribe? A) Usman (Radhiallahu Anhu) 36) Out of the copies of the Qur'an compiled by Usman (Radhiallahu Anhu), how many and where are they at present? A) Only 2 copies. One in Tashkent and the other in Istanbul. 37) Which Surah of the Qur'an was Prophet Muhammed (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) reciting while praying, that Hazrat Jabeer Bin Muth'im Listened to and embraced Islam? A) Surah Thoor 38) Which was that Surah of the Qur'an which the Prophet Muhammed Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) had recited when one of his enemies Utba after listening to it fell in Sajda (prostation)? A) The first five Ayaaths of Ham-Meem-Sajda 39) Which is the first and the most ancient Mosque according to the Qur'an? A) Kaaba 40) In Qur'an mankind is divided into two groups.Which are those two groups? A) Believers and disbelievers 41) Who is the man about whom, Allah has said in the Qur'an that his body is kept as an admonishing example for future generations to come? A) Fir'aun. (Pharaoh) 42) Besides the body of Pharaoh, what is that thing which is kept as an admonishing example for future generations to come? A) Noah's Ark. 43) After the wreckage of Prophet Noah's Ark, which is its place of rest mentioned in theQur'an? A) Cave of Judi. 44) In the Qur'an the name of whic h companion of Prophet Muhammed (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) is mentioned? A) Zaid Bin Harith. 45) Who is the relative of the Prophet Muahmmed (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam)whose name is mentioned in the Qur'an? A) Abu Lahab 46) In the Qur'an there is a mention of a Prophet who has been called by his mother's name. Who was he? A) Jesus [Prophet Isa (Alahis salaam)] is mentioned as bn Maryam. 47) Which was the agreement that was titled Fath-hum-Mubeen' without fighting a battle? A) Treaty of Hudaibiya 48) What are the different names used for Satan or Devil in the Qur'an? A) Iblees and Ash-Shaitaan. 49) Which category of creature does the Qur'an put 'Iblees' into? A) Jinn. 50) What were those worships and prayers that were ordered by Allah to the community of Bani Israeel and which were continued by the Muslim Ummah also? A) Salaat and Zakaat. (Al-Baqarah:43) 51) The Qur'an repeatedly warns of a certain day.Can you say which day it is? A) Youmal Qiyamah.(Doomsday) 52) Who were those people with whom Allah was pleased and they were pleased with Him, as mentioned in the Qur'an? A) Companions of Prophet Muhammed.(Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) 53) In which Holy Book of Non-Muslims the Qur'an mentioned repeatedly? A) In the Holy Book of Sikh Community-Granth Saheb. 54) In which year were the vowels inserted in the Qur'an? A) 43 Hijri. 55) Who were the first serious students of the Qur'an? A) As-haabus Suffah. 56) Which is the first Residential University where the faculty of the Qur'an was established for the first time? A) Masjid-e-Nabvi.[Mosque of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam)] 57) By what name did the Qur'an address those noble and pious people who were selected by Allah to convey His message to mankind? A) Nabi (Prophet) and Rasool (Messenger). 58) What type of a person does the Qur'an want to make? A) Momin. 59) What is the scale or measure of one's dignity according to the Qur'an? A) Thaqwa. (Piety) 60) What according to the Qur'an is the root cause of the evil? A) Alcohol. 61) What are the two most important types of kinds of Aayaat (Verses)found in the Qur'an? A) Muhakamaat and muthashabihaath. 62) Which is the longest Surah (Chapter) in the Qur'an? A) Surah-al-Baqarah. 63) Which is the smallest Surah in the Qur'an? A) Surah-al-Kausar. 64) What was the age of Prophet Muhammed (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) when Qur'an was first revealed to him through Jibraeel (Alaihis-salaam)? A) 40 Years. 65) How long did Prophet Muhammed (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) receive the revelation of the Qur'an in Makkah? A) 13 Years. 66) How long did Prophet Muhammed (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) receive the revelation of the Qur'an in Madinah? A) 10 Years. 67) Where was the first Surah revealed? A) In Makkah. 68) Where was the last Surah revealed? A) In Madinah. 69) How many years did it take for the complete revelation of the Qur'an? A) 22 years,5 months and 14 days. 70) Which Surah(Chapter) of the Qur'an is to be read compulsorily in each raka'at of the Salaat (Namaaz)? A) Surah-al-Fatihah. 71) Which is the Surah, which Allah taught as a Du'a(Prayer)? A) Surah-al-Fatihah. 72) What is the reason of keeping Surah-al-Fatihah in the beginning of the Qur'an? A) It is the door to the Qur'an 73) What is the Surah (Chapter) revealed completely and found first place in the Qur'an? A) Surah-al-Fatihah. 74) Who was the only lady whose personal name is found in the Qur'an? A) Mariam(Alaihis-salaam). 75) In which Surah (Chapter) of the Qur'an do you find maximum instructions? A) Surah-al-Baqarah. 76) When and Where did the Prophet Muhammed Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) and Jibraeel (Alaihis-salaam) meet for the second time? A) On Friday,18th Ramadan,in the Cave of Hira. 77) What was the interval between the first and the second revelation? A) 2 years and six months. 78) Which is the Surah (Chapter) that does start without Bismillah? A) Surah-al-Taubah or Bara'ath. 79) In which Surah (Chapter) of the Qur'an Bismillah is repeated twice? A) Surah-al Naml. 80) How many Surah (Chapter) in the Qur'an have the titles named after different Prophets? A) 6 Surahs (Chapters): a) Surah-al-Yunus. b)Surah-al-Hood. c) Surah-al-Yusuf. d) Surah-al-Ibraheem. e)Surah-al-Nuh. f) Surah-al-Muhammed. 81) In which part of the Qur'an do you find 'Ayat-ul-Kursi'(Verse of the Throne)? A) In the beginning of the third Part .(Chapter2-55) 82) How many different names of Allah are mentioned in the Qur'an? A) 99 83) Who were the three non-prophets whose names are mentioned with due respect in the Qur'an? A) Luqman,Aziz of Egypt and Zulqarnain. 84) At the time Abu Bakr (Radhiallahu Anhu) how many companions had compiled the Qur'an in the form of a book? A) 75 companions. 85) Which is that only book which is completely memorized by millions of people in the world? A) Al-Qur'an. 86) What did the Jinns who heard a few Aayaath Verses) of the Qur'an say to each other? A) We have heard a unique discourse which shows the right path, verily we believe in it. 87) Which are the most popular translations of the Qur'an in English? A) Translation by Muhammed Marmaduke Pickthall and by Allama Yusuf Ali. 88) Into how many languages of the world has the Holy Qur'an been translated? A) Nearly 103 languages. 89) Who was the first translator of the Holy Qur'an into Urdu? A) Moulana Shah Rafiuddin Muhaddis Dehlavi. 90) What will be our condition on 'The day of the Judgment' according to the Qur'an? A) Everybody will be in a state of anxiety. 91) Who was the Prophet mentioned in the Qur'an whose three generations were prophets? A) Ibraheem (Alaihis-salaam). 92) What is that book which abolished all old rules and regulations? A) Al-Qur'an. 93) What does the Qur'an say about property and wealth? A) They are tests of one's faith. 94) According to the Qur'an who is "khaatamun Nabiyyeen" (the last of the Prophets)? A) Prophet Muhammed (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) 95) What is the name of the book that tells us clearly about the reality of the beginning and the end of the world? A) Al-Qur'an. 96) In the Qur'an what other name is given to the city of Makkah? A) Bakkah and Baladul Ameen. 97) According to the Qur'an what other name is given to the city of Madinah? A) Yathrib. 98) Whose Generation is known as "Bani Israeel" according to the Qur'an? A) The generation of Prophet Yaqoob(Alaihis salaam) who is also known as Israeel. 99) Which are the mosques that are mentioned in the Qur'an a) Masjid-ul-Haram. b) Masjid-ul-Zirar. c) Masjid-ul-Nabawi. d) Masjid-u l-Aqsa. e) Masjid Quba. 100) The name of which angels are mentioned in the Qur'an? a) Jibraeel Ameen.Alaihis salaam) b) Meekaeel.(Alaihis salaam) c) Haroot.(Alaihis salaam) d) Maroot.(Alaihis salaam)

EM Technology Of Waste Water Treatment

PROBLEM SOLVING:
Source of the anser : https://www.researchgate.net/post/Why_is_water_is_becoming_dark_black_in_an_aeration_tank_in_a_wastewater_treatment_plant

Why is water is becoming dark black in an aeration tank in a wastewater treatment plant?

I've worked on a wastewater treatment plant at a catering service last week. Their wastewater treatment process as follows,

1. Screening

2. Grit chamber

3. Oil trap

4. Areation

5. Settling Tank

6. sand Filter, etc.

They are facing a problem as the wastewater getting black color after aeration and the sludge is not settling in the settling tank thereafter. Also, their is a huge odor occurred in the aeration tank now.

What will be the reason for this and what will be the solution?

ANSWER:

It means you have incresed the organic load to your aeration tank as a result there is a shortage of oxygen in the aeration tant .This can be checked by measuring DO in the aeration tank & should be  about  1.5 to 2 mg/l.

A) Please check for malfunctioning of Aeration system fouled membranes etc

B) You can improve the situation by cutting down load to the aeration tank  by reducing the flow or the inlet BOD concntration or by adding more air to th aeration tank.

C) Ensure that you are not dumping some chemical like food preservative,detergent, oil or off spec product in the waste water system  as this can increase the ETP load.

It  will take about 4 to 8 hours to restore,  if you balnce the BOD load and the oxygen supply ( 1.5 Kg O2/Kg BOD loading) subject to you have not spolied the biomass otherwise it may take 2 to 3 days to bring the normalcy.

If you need  more correct solution you  may have to share design  and operation details

Note : The black colour is due to shortage of oxygen ( less oxygen/more organic load) and will vanish once you restore the balance.Normally the healthy biomass should  be brownish  in colour  and smell like moist soil.

10 ways to boost your self-confidence

10 ways to boost your self-confidence

Shilpa Shet

How many times during your growing years did your parents tell you to walk straight or sit up straight? You may have casually dismissed it, or maybe you didn't really pay attention. As an adult, though, you realise the wisdom of the advice.

 

Simple practices like these don't just help you physically but also psychologically. Psychologists say that there are many little ways that can instantly help boost self-confidence. Here are some easy tips on how you can do just that.

 

Grooming

The first thing that works for a confident person is his or her personal hygiene. Right from your hair, your face, your body, your fingers, and your skin -- keep them clean and well maintained. If you have a body odour problem, take remedial measures (use deodorants and bactericidal soaps).

• Fighting shy? Try yoga

Check your teeth and get them fixed if there is a problem. Brush everyday twice, if you can, even after meals. You can even pop in a mint after your meals.

           

Take care of your skin by eating the right food and drinking lots of water. If it needs more care, take help from professionals.

 

Knowing you look your best is an easy and effective way to help you act your best.

 

Dress for success

Dressing well and appropriately can do wonders for one's self esteem. Many of us wear clothes that look nice on the clothes rack but do not necessarily suit our body type. Wear clothes that fit you well. If you are on the healthier side, wear clothes that aren't too tight yet not loose or baggy, which just adds to the bulk and does not make you look any better.

 

Dressing well does not mean you need to spend your entire salary investing in designer brands. Choose your clothes wisely -- it's quality not quantity that counts. Pick up a few outfits that make a statement instead of loads of outfits that do nothing for your confidence.

 

The other thing to do is watch the popular verdict. If most people say pink is your colour and you feel comfortable wearing pink, do it.

 

Good posture

Good posture has an immediate and lasting impact on your confidence. Do you recollect the time you were at the door, about to face an interview? What did you do instinctively? Didn't you take a deep breath? By doing that two things happen -- your stomach goes in and your head is held high.

 

Always hold your head high, throw your shoulders back, keep your back straight and walk with confident steps. Practice in the mirror a few times to make sure your doing it right, without looking too stiff.

 

Walk smart

Do you take small, shuffling steps? Do you fling your arms around when you walk? Stop! You may be doing something sub-consciously that does not really compliment your style.

 

Be aware of how you walk. Be quick and energetic with a spring in your step. Think of a nice outdoor activity that you like doing, feeling the breeze on your face and letting your heart guide your walk.

 

If you are still not comfortable, try this age-old trick. Place a big book on your head and try to walk without dropping it. This is a great way to improve posture and gait.

 

Smile often

To complete the look, make sure to smile. Smile as often as you can and, if you can manage, let a tiny smile hang around the corners of your mouth.

 

In all your interactions, look people in the eye, greet them and smile. You'll see the other person transform in front of you.

 

Be empathic

Your confidence levels rise drastically when you successfully connect with people around you. For that you need to be empathic towards your family, friends and colleagues to begin with. Once you can deal and help other people with their emotions and problems, you immediately increase your influence with your circle of friends, acquaintances and colleagues.

 

Learn to calm yourself

This is probably the most important factor when it comes to confidence -- being able to face every situation calmly. But this does not come naturally to everyone, which is why you need to train yourself.

 

Find activities that calm you -- like talking a walk, listening to music, dancing, talking to your friends, reading, writing, gardening, cooking -- any activity that makes you feel happy. Do it once or twice a week or month, depending on the time you have.

 

Meditation techniques help too.

 

Empower yourself

Knowledge almost always boosts self-confidence. Empower yourself with knowledge -- of your surroundings, of your job, of people, of the world around you. A good grasp of current events helps you strike up meaningful conversation and ensures that you're not left out.

• The dangers of multi-tasking

One of the simplest things to do is read the newspaper, talk to people and be aware and observant.

 

Keep a soul knick-knack

A soul knick-knack can help you tide over those times when your confidence is tested. It could be your guru's photo, a gift from a loved one, your lucky charm, or even a photograph of a loved one. This soul knick-knack needs to be something that can bring a smile to your face, specially during testing times.

 

Find solutions to problems

Do not procrastinate or run away from your problems. The sign of a confident person is that he or she takes the problem head on and finds a solution. If you don't think you can handle it on your own, there is no shame in seeking help.

 

Talk about it with friends or colleagues, or write it down while listing out various solutions, pros and cons.

Revit software

Autodesk releases new Revit software with design options feature

New feature allows architects to show alternatives for a proposed construction project from a single file

http://www.computerworld.com/softwaretopics/software/story/0,10801,88525,00.html

 

WINDROW COMPOSTING OF MSW

INTRODUCTION: COMPOSTING

The Sanitary landfill sites are fast disappearing. Dumping Waste into Landfill sites in not the solution of Municipal Solid Waste Management. Composting provides a way out not only to reduce the amount of waste that needs to be disposed off but also converts garbage into a product that is useful for gardening, landscaping or house plants.

What can be Composted: Good things you can compost are vegetable peelings, fruit waste, tea bags , plant prunings, grass cuttings etc.

What cant be used: Certain things should never be placed in your bin. Keep away COOKED vegetables, Meat, Dairy Products, Diseased Plants,. Ideally wet garbage should not be put into the bin.

THE FIRST STEP:TWO BINS AT HOMES: Segregate the garbage before handing it to the sweepers who come to your homes. DRY & WET waste need to be separated at the household level. Two storage bin of different color should be provided at homes for the purpose.

Segregation at Source:

• Encouraging residents / producers to segregate
• Separation of Bio-degradable and non-biodegradable at source.
• Involve Rag pickers in segregation at source.
• Involve Self-help Groups in segregation, if required.

• Introduction of TWO BIN system.

THE SECOND STEP: The sweeper store the kitchen waste like food leftovers, vegetables, meat refuse, egg shells at the compost making site. He take the dry waste away for recycle and landfill.

Third Step: COMPOST MAKING: A fresh stock of compost is ready every three weeks in compost plants.

Fourth Step: Marketing and selling of compost. This will not create a problem if it is sold as organic manure. All the tea gardens will be happy to take it. Also all health conscious people will stop using chemical fertilizers in their kitchen garden.

 

 

 

 

 

 

ANNEXURE-I NORMS FOR GENERATION OF GARBAGE

Category of garbage	Quantity generated
Domestic household (1) Population range upto 1 lakh (2) Population range 1 to 5 lakh (3) Population range 5 to 10 lakh (4) Population range 10 to 20 lakh	0.21 Kg per person per day 0.21 Kg per person per day 0.25 Kg per person per day 0.27 Kg per person per day
Street sweepings and drain silt	0.10 Kg per person per day
Slaughter House: (1) Small slaughter house (2) Medium slaughter house (3) Large slaughter house	0.5 to 1.0 ton per day 2 to 6 ton per day 6 to 7 ton per day
Domestic waste from Hospitals / Clinics etc.	1.1 Kg per bed per day

METHOD OF WINDROW COMPOSTING:

The aerobic composting process involves placing the waste into windrows. Windrows are long trapezoidal shaped heaps of waste placed on concrete or hard clay base with drains. The surface water from the windrows impervious base goes to the Effluent Treatment Plant. All uncovered windrow areas should be provided with an impermeable base.Such a base may be made of concrete or of compacted clay, 50 centimetres thick, having permeability less than 10 centimetres/second. The base must be provided with 1 to 2 percent slope and must be encircled by lined drains for collection of leachate/surface water runoff. All lined drains should beconnected to a lined settling pond, where tests for quality of waste-water are to be performed on a weekly basis. A treatment unit will be provided to ensure that the waste-water is discharged to open drains only after it meets the regulatory standards.

A land area of 100m x 90 mtr is required for processing 50 tonnes of waste per day. In this method, refuse is delivered on a paved/unpaved open space but levelled and well drained land in about 20 windrows with each windrow 3m long x 2m wide x 1.5m high, with a total volume not exceeding 9.0 cu.m.Each windrow would be turned on 6th& 11thdays outside to the centre by front end loaders or manually to destroy insects larvae and to provide aeration. On 16thday, windrow would be broken down and passed through manually operated rotary screens of about 25mm square mesh to remove the oversize contrary material. The material retained in 25 mm sieve is rejected and sent to land fill site. The material passing 10mm sieve and retained on 4 mm sieve is grade II compost. The material that passes 4 mm sieve is grade I compost.The screened compost is stored for about 30 days in heaps about 2m wide x 1.5m high and up to 20m long to ensure stabilization before sale.For this a maturity yard of area 600 sq mtr for storing 30 days compost is to be developed.

Equipment Required:

1. Front end loader
2. Conveyer
3. Manual Rotary

 

 

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LAYOUT OF A WINDROW COMPOST PLANT

 

THE FINAL COMPOST CHARACTERISTICS:

The compost prepared from MSW should be black brown or at least black in colour. It should be crumbly in nature with an earthy odour. The pH should be neutral though slightly acidic or alkaline pH within the range of 6.5 to 7.5 can be tolerated.The compost should neither be completely dry nor it be lumpy and water should not come out of the mass when squeezed.

The Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium (NPK) contents should be more than one percent each. The Nitrogen should be in the form of Nitrates for proper utilisation by the plants. The C/N ratio should be between 15 to 20.In order to ensure safe application of compost,

As the compost plantoperates at a constant rate, a balancing storage has to be provided to absorb the fluctuations in the waste input to the plant. This is provided in a storage hopper of 8 to 24 hours storage capacity, the exact value depending upon the schedule of incoming trucks, the number of shifts and the number of days the plant and solid waste collection system works.

. These windrows are turned every 5 days to ensure aerobic decomposition. Various types of equipment such as front end loaders/windrows reshifters are used for turning of windrows.At the end of the 3 to 4 weeks period, the material is known as green or fresh compost wherein the cellulose has not been fully stabilised. It is hence stored in large sized windrows for 1-2 months either at the plant or the farms. At the end of the storage period, it is known as ripe compost.

 

POINTS TO BE NOTED:

However, the composting mass should have a certain minimum moisture content in it for the organisms to survive. The optimum moisture content is known to be between 50 to 60 % . Higher moisture content may be required while composting straw and strong fibrous material which soften the fibre and fills the large pore spaces.

The C/N ratio considers the available carbon as well as the available nitrogenwhile the available carbon and nitrogen in the MSW may vary from sample to sample. Whenever the C/N ratio is less than the optimum, carbon source such as straw, sawdust, paper are added while if the ratio is too high, the sewage sludge, slaughter house waste, blood etc. are added as a source of nitrogen.

During the decomposition, the oxygen gets depleted and has to be continuously replenished. This can be achieved by turning of windrows . During the turning, it is necessary to bring inner mass to the outer surface and to transfer the outer waste to the inner portion.Studies at NEERI have shown that the optimum turning interval which will reduce the cost and simultaneously maintain aerobic conditions is 5 days.

The windrows should be located over impervious surface so that the surface water from the windrows can go to the Effluent Treatment Plant.

:-• Large storage hoppers are not needed.

• Covering of windrow area is not required as the plants are normally shut down during monsoon for annual repairs.

• Artificial aeration under Indian conditions is not required

• It is preferable to first stabilise the raw material and then subject it to picking and size reduction. This will require same windrow area, and improve efficiency of picking and size reduction

• Composting should not be considered as a commercial venture but should be treated as a processing method to reduce the MSW content to be dumped at landfill sites..

• On such days when the waste cannot be accepted at the compost plant or if shutdown occurs for extended period due to rains/cold climate/major breakdown or annual maintenance, the waste should be diverted to a properly designed and operated MSW landfill.

•. The height of stockpiled waste should not exceed 3 metres and the storage area must have provision for odour control, litter control, fire control and birds control.

The areas where compost is to be supplied should be near the site and should be easily accessible. A site for disposal of non compostables should be available near the compost plant site.Trees planted along the periphery of the site will serve partly as a barrier against the noise and odour from the plant and also help in litter control byreducing the wind speed . The trees will also protect the plant from dust and pollutants due to the highway.

In the North East Indian states, to protect the windrows from heavy rainfall, the windrow area will have to be covered.

 

 

GO FOR A PILOT PLANT STUDY FIRST:

The design and construction of a full scale compost plant needs at least 1.5 to 2 years. Before the plant becomes operational, pilot scale studies be carried out using a small quantity of the raw waste that will be used in the final plant. The raw waste as well as finished compost should also be analysed for heavy metal content. The output of the plant should be widely advertised to the consumers. The pilot studies will help determine the proportion of non-compostables that need disposal, the compost output per tonne of input and its nutrient contents.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

QUOTATION FOR A 22 MT WINDROWS COMPOSTING PROJECT

1. Key Personnel details

S No	Category of personnel	Name	Qualification	Present designation	Experience in relevant field	Remarks
1	Team Leader (Solid waste Engineer with 10 Years experience)
2	Municipal Engineering Specialist
3	Medical and Health Specialist
4	Finance Specialist
5	Management specialist

educational loan

 

http://www.apnaloan.com/education-loan-india/

 

Worry no more. To solve the problems of funding your education a number of Indian banks have come up with innovative loan products that help you in pursuing your dream academic course.

However, as a student you may be confused as to how you go about applying for a student loan, what are the points that you must remember while applying for a student loan.

To begin with, interest rate is one of the most important deciding factors when students approach a bank for an education loan. The interest rate also determines the overall cost of your loan.

Here are a few points that students should remember while approaching a bank for a student loan:

1. Interest rates vary significantly from bank to bank, and will also depend on the amount of the loan. 

2. Most PSU banks have an option to allow you to defer the payment of interest and principal till the completion of the course so that you can start repaying both the interest and principal from your earnings.

However, you always have an option of paying the interest portion of the loan immediately from the month following the disbursal of the loan, and keep paying it during the tenure of the course. The interest is normally payable on a quarterly reducing basis.

• Can you afford an education loan? 

3. Some banks charge interest on a daily or monthly reducing balance as well. 

4. The interest rates can be fixed or variable. Under a fixed rate option, the rate of interest for the entire tenure of the loan will remain the same. Under the variable option, the rate is tied to the Prime Lending Rate (PLR) set by the concerned bank, and keeps changing half-yearly or yearly.  

5. Usually, nationalised banks offer variable interest rates, while private and foreign banks offer fixed interest rates. Some banks, like SBI [Get Quote], also give you a choice between fixed and floating interest rates. 

Processing fees

Processing fees vary from bank to bank. For example, PSU banks do not charge any processing fee, while some private banks charge 2.25 per cent of the loan amount as the processing fee.

Margin

The margin is the amount you need to pay from your own funds, while the rest is paid by the bank.

If you need, say, a loan of Rs 100,000 and the bank is ready to finance 80 per cent (Rs 80,000) of the loan amount then you will have to make arrangements for the remaining 20 per cent (Rs 20,000). In this case, Rs 20,000 is the margin amount.

Many banks have a margin for loans, which means that they will provide between 75 per cent and 90 per cent of the total cost of the course; you will have to pay the balance.

• Planning your child's education? Here's how 

The scholarship amount, processing fee (if any) and insurance premium on the Life Insurance Policy (paid by the bank) can be included in the total loan amount for the purpose of calculating the margin.

The margin requirements on education loans are not very rigid. The industry norm is generally 5 per cent for studying in India and 15 per cent for studies abroad, for amounts exceeding Rs 4 lakhs. These, however, are indicative figures, and vary from bank to bank.

The margin money is calculated from time to time on the outstanding balance of the loan. You will be required to bring in this margin money on a year-to-year basis, as and when the disbursements are made on a pro-rata basis.

http://www.rediff.com/getahead/2007/aug/20loan.htm

The BENEFITS of SEX_its a medicine

pls read http://www.speakingtree.in/slideshow/benefits-of-daily-sex/benefits-of-daily-sex

----- Original Message -----

From: vikas gupta

To: manmohan_singhdew@rediffmail.com

Sent: Sunday, August 19, 2007 11:41 PM

Subject: Fwd: The BENEFITS of SEX_its a medicine

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: saurabh kumar <saurabh.kv@gmail.com>
Date: Jul 7, 2006 2:36 PM
Subject: The BENEFITS of SEX_its a medicine
To: rooprsh <mailroopesh@gmail.com>, Vikasgupta <vikasgupta100@gmail.com>, Arunbaba < arunk27@gmail.com>, Gopal Hy <bisht.rawat@gmail.com>, Sandi <skumar.gautam@gmail.com >, Harish Hy <linkharish@gmail.com>, Abhishek Sinha <talk.sinha@gmail.com>

The BENEFITS of SEX

Reading this is entertaining !!!

Be sure to read the final comment.

did you know that we can determine if a person is sexually active or not by looking at her skin ?

1. Sex is a beauty treatment. Scientific tests have shown that a woman who has sexual relations produces big amounts of estrogen which makes hair shiny and soft.

2. To make love in soft and relaxed way reduces the possibilities of suffering from dermatitis and acne. The sweat produced cleans pores and makes the skin shine.

3. To make love allows to burn all the calories accumulate is this romantic love scene.

4. Sex is one of the safest sports. It strengthens and tonifies all body muscles. It is more enjoyabel than doing 20 lapses in the pool. And you don't need special shoes !

5. Sex is an instantaneous cure against depression. It frees endorphines in the blood flow, creating a state of euphoria and leaves us with a feeling of well-being.

6. The more we make love, the more we have the capacity to do more. A body sexually active releases a higher amount of pheromone. This subtle aroma excites the opposite sex !

7. Sex is the safest tranquiliser in the world. IT IS 10 TIMES MORE EFFICIENT THAN VALIUM.

8. To kiss everyday allows to avoid the dentist. Kisses aid saliva in cleaning teeths and lower the quantity of acids causing enamel weakening.

9. Sex relieves headaches. Each time we make love, it releases the tension in brain veins.

10. To make love a lot can heal a nasal congestion. Sex is a natural antihistaminic. It helps fight asthma and spring allergies.

This message was sent to you so that you have good chances in sexual relations. It went around the world 9 times. It now arrived to you so that you can can in turn enjoy "Benefits from Sex".

She will visit you 4 days after you have received this message, but only if you circulate it. If you do not, then you will never have good sexual relations again for the rest of your life. You will be celibate and your genital organs will rotten and fall off.

He sends copies to whoever needs sex (who does not need any ?). Do not send money, since the destiny of his genital organs does not have a price.

Do not keep this message, it must dissappear from you mailbox in 96 hours. Send 10 copies and see what happens in 4 days. This message must go around the world, so you must send it !!! This is the truth, even if you are not superstitious. Good sex, but remember : 10 copies of this message must be sent in 96 hours or never again in your life will you have good sexual relations !!!!

---

 

Saurabh

streaming videos no requirement of any download

Streaming high-quality video to computers and television screens is the "first step to getting what people want to see on any screen they want, from laptops to cell phones to wide-screen televisions," Swasey said. "Netflix's goal is to get movies delivered instantly to all those different screens."

Companies like ReelTime, Joost, Limelight Networks and Brightcove are staking their futures on streaming video.

"We're point, click and watch--instantly," said Barry Henthorn, the chief executive and co-founder of ReelTime. "We never stop and never buffer."

ReelTime, based in Seattle, digitally distributes thousands of movies and television shows to customers who either rent titles for 99 cents each or subscribe to the service for $4.99 a month to $19.99 for six months.

While ReelTime content can easily be watched on desktop and notebook

http://www.filmclips.be/watch_streaming_video_free.htm

http://www.joost.com/

http://www.brightcove.com/

 

happy independence day

i always think, if u wanna do SCAM, than do BIG SCAM like  our politicians, .than u can hire BIG SHOT LAYWERS . pay 10% to them to defend u d whole life, and baki 90% se masti karo whole life.....i am getting tired of this daily struggle and honest life.....but doing is the only way to get things done ...and i cant do corruption, bcoz i am programmed by my religion to be honest......

 

Thats INDIA at its 60 yrs.....for citizen like me....

 

happy independence day

 

Saleem Asraf Syed Imdaadullah

**************************************************************************************

 

Here are some of the Independence Day sms you can send to
your friends and close ones-

On Independence Day.
Here I am wishing,
Our dreams of a new tomorrow come true,
For us...Now and Always!

-----------------------

Azad bharat ke nalayak jawano,
Agar aaj Valentines Day,
Ya Friendship Day hota to inbox full hota,
Chalo jaldi se utho aur sabko wish karo.
"Happy Independence Day"

-----------------------

internet FAXING

 

The Phone Company (www.tpc.int) is the pioneer in internet faxing. They allow you to send text messages and rich-text documents as faxes to most destinations in the world for free.

To send a fax via TPC, you just need to compose an email address with the following address:remote-printer.Line_1/Line_2 @1234.iddd.tpc.int where "1234" is the destination fax number with the international code. The Line_1 and Line_2 will create the fax cover sheet in the following format:

Please deliver this facsimile to:

Line 1

Line2

TPC covers most popular cities of the world including India—you can send faxes to clients located in Mumbai, Chennai and the national capital region (Delhi, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon, Noida, Faridabad)

TPC will send you email notification if there was a problem during the delivery of the facsimile.

If you fax a majority of documents to US or Canada, look no further than FAX Zero.com—an ad supported web-based fax service that will deliver a fax message upto three pages in length for free. You can type the text or upload it as .doc or .pdf file and hit send. The only caveat is that your fax coversheet will contain an advertisement.

Bulk users may consider subscribing to commercial services (like the ones offered by eFax.com, popFax.com or myFax.com)—other than the standard options for sending faxes, these services also provide a virtual fax number which is no different than the classical fax machine number. This number is linked to your email address and you can therefore read your fax messages online or on your cell phone anywhere in the world.

E- Mail Marketing

Targeted e-mail marketing

Targeted email marketing works. Truly targeted email means getting our email to recipients that HAVE approved of it. Not only do we get better results, we won't have to worry about ISP cancellation and more importantly, the reputation of our business. Here are the best targeted email marketing methods that have been used by marketers. They really work. They have been listed from most expensive to least expensive.
1. "Opt In" email list rental.
2. Ezine advertising.
3. Ezine publishing.
4. Email Discussion group participation.

Here are details on how we can utilize each

"Opt In" email list rental

Did you know that marketers can actually rent email lists of people who have approved email about certain topics? (Just about any topic imaginable!)

This method is not the cheapest form of targeted email marketing, but it works! On average, the expense will be about ten to fifteen Rupees per address. The companies that rent the addresses even do the mailing. One just sit has to sit back and wait for the orders!

Ezine advertising

Many marketers are big fans of ezine advertising and regularly utilize this low budget technique. Quite simply, email advertising works!

Take a look at the advertising section of your favorite email ezine. The reason there are so many ads there is because the advertisers get results. Not only do these ezines reach the target audience, they reach them by the thousands. Of all the online marketing methods available, ezine advertising could be the most effective.

Many larger companies are just starting to realize this and are entering into this exciting new advertising medium. Compared with the high costs of web site banner advertising, ezine advertising is a real bargain.

Ezine Publishing

One step better than "advertising" in ezines, is actually publishing your own. It is much easier than one might imagine it to be.

The customers and prospects can constantly be "in touch" with the advertiser and the advertiser can keep the customers abreast of new products and services that are available through the ezine. Advertisers can also generate income offering classified or sponsorship advertising on the ezine.

Unlike traditional newsletters, there are no printing or postage costs. Since the advertisers own cost is zero, theh ezine can be offered for free subscriptions, thus insuring a steady flow of new prospects.

Advertisers can manage and deliver their own ezines. With a good mail programs, all the work becomes becomes, and these programmes are also available for free . One needs to pay only for list Management.

Email discussion group participation.

An email discussion group is delivered via email like an email newsletter. But a discussion list is different in one major way - it allows an individual to voice his own opinions, usually through a moderator.

Discussion lists also allow recipients to seek help from others with similar interests. What's more, marketers can assist people in need of their service while the sig file (the footer that is included at the end of every email message sent) invites readers to the site. Discussion group marketing works because the posts are delivered directly "TO" a targeted audience. Like all the other forms of email marketing, discussion lists are a perfect example of push marketing at it's finest!

Now that you are armed with the facts about low-cost email marketing, go out and start your email marketing campaign today!