Summary : India ranks topmost in the world in livestock holding and has the potential to utilize slaughterhouse by products to partly meet the growing requirement of animal feeds. The total availability of offal/bones in the country generated from large slaughterhouses is estimated to be more than 21-lakh tonnes/annum. Besides other uses, it can also be used for the preparation of animal feeds. The total requirement of animal feed has been estimated at 37 million tonnes. This includes 24 million tonnes of cattle feed (which as per the directive of the Department of Animal Husbandry, Govt. of India cannot have slaughter house waste material). Slaughterhouse waste material has the potential to partly replace 13 million tonnes of animal feed material. Slaughterhouse wastes can be used as inputs to feeds for the poultry, fi8sh and pets like dogs and cats. Presently in India, live stock feed production is more of cereal based and less of animal by-product based. This results in livestock, especially poultry, pig and fish competing with humans for grains and cereals which can easily be replaced with slaughterhouse waste. Slaughterhouse waste is first converted into intermediate products like Meat Bone Meal (MBM), Di0calciumphosphate (DCP) & bicalphos (BCP) which are essentially feed supplements. They are then mixed with various crop ingredients to make a complete feed for animals. Meat Bone Meal is a protein is a protein and phosphorous supplements for animal feed manufacturers. It is used upto 5% of total feed. DCP and BCP are essentially phosphorous supplements for animal feed manufacturers and are used to the extent of 1% of total feed. Currently total production of MBM in India is around 55200 tonnes/annum and total estimated demand is 77500 tonnes/annum. So the gap between production and supply of MBM is around 22300 tonnes/annum. Leading manufacturers of MBM in India are Standard Agro Vet (P) Ltd., Allanasons Ltd., Hind Agro Ltd., Al Kabeer, Hyderabad. Similarly the total production of DCP in India is a around 27600 tonnes/annum and total demand is 34800 tonnes/annum. Therefore the gap between production and demand of DCP is approximately 7200 tonnes/annum. Leading manufacturers of DCP in India are Hind Nihon Ind. Ltd., Muradnagar, Punjab Bone Meal, Jullundar, Kerala Chemical & Proteins Ltd., Cochin & Shaw Wallance Ltd, Jabalpur. The report gives an overview of the different technologies available in India & abroad for utilization of slaughterhouse waste. The technologies, categorized broadly into Open kettle rendering, wet rendering and dry rendering, are simple in nature. The processes involved are basically pre breaking, cooking, sterilization, fat removal, drying and finally milling and bagging. The broad parameters of technology of wet and dry rendering are mentioned. In India Open Kettle rendering is followed, which is less efficient. The equipments are required for mobile wet rendering plants are detailed. The report also describes mobile plants, which may be more suitable to India's requirement, as we have low capacity slaughterhouses scattered in different places. Currently the vast gap between demand and supply of intermediate products like MBM, DCP, BCP etc. is being met by use of substitutes like Soya meal, Meat meal and Fishmeal. There is a vast potential for setting up slaughterhouse waste processing plants for manufacture of MBM/BCP ad feed supplement. The report on \"Utilization of Slaughterhouse Waste Material for the Preparation of Animal Feed\" highlights all the above issues and is an ideal guide to entrepreneurs & industries who are interested in setting up plants for utilization of slaughterhouse waste.
Wednesday, March 03, 2010
Utilisation of Slaughter House Waste for the Preparation of Animal Feed
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
New Possibilities in ETP Sludge Handling and Disposal Methods
New Possibilities in ETP Sludge Handling and Disposal Methods
By Umesh Kulkari
Cost of sludge treatment and disposal is about half of the total cost of wastewater and sludge treatment and disposal cost. Hence it needs expert attention.
Only few years ago, dewatering ETP sludges to below 20% dry solids content seemed to be impossible. But with the recent advancements, it is possible to get solids as dry as 35 to 40% dry solids.
ETP sludge in any form is hazardous. The hazard is probably proportional to the square of the water content it has at the outlet point. Type of the industry producing the sludge is also very important in deciding the hazard. For example, bio sludge produced from pharma, pesticide and fertilizer industrial segment is far hazardous than municipal bio sludge. Water content in the sludge depends primarily on nature of sludge itself. It also depends upon the practices and equipments used for the purpose. Sludge, broadly is classified as biological or chemical. With the rapid industrialisation the classification ceases to be so simple. Further with global warming outcry becoming shriller by every passing day, it becomes even more important to have a holistic approach.
Many of the pollution issues, which may seem insurmountable, can in fact be solved with will, holistic and focused approach.
Changing the process, using alternative biodegradable chemicals, waste minimisation audits, etc., are some of the tools to ultimately bring about a qualitative difference in the pollution scenario. However my focus through this article is ETP sludge dewatering. I will cover dewatering techniques and final disposal methodologies including incineration.
The main objectives of sludge dewatering are:
- To avoid human contact with the sludge to the maximum possible extent
- To produce sludge suitable for disposal
- For easier sludge handling
- To reduce trucking cost
- To reduce incineration cost where applicable
- To reduce cost of bulking agent in composting where applicable
- To reduce leachate production at land fill site
- To reduce litigation costs
- To carry out these processes without causing nuisance or offence
Following are some of techniques used for sludge dewatering
- Sludge drying beds
- Filter presses
- Centrifuges
- Vacuum filters, and
- Belt filters
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
Soon, you'll be able to surf the web at the speed of light!
Tue, Mar 2 04:45 PM
Washington, March 2 (ANI): Scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have created a new infrared laser made from germanium that operates at room temperature, which has made light-speed computing come one step closer to reality.
The research removes the cryogenic cooling systems previously needed for infrared lasers and could lead to powerful computer chips that operate at the speed of light.
"Using a germanium laser as a light source, you could communicate at very high data rates at very low power," said Jurgen Michel of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who developed the new germanium laser.
"Eventually, you could have the computing power of today's supercomputers inside a laptop," he said.
The creation of a new laser, even one based on germanium, is not newsworthy; more than 15,000 different lasers, some of which use germanium, have been created since the 1950s.
What makes this particular germanium laser unique is that it creates an infrared beam at room temperature.
Until now infrared germanium lasers required expensive cryogenic cooling systems to operate. The new germanium laser operates at room temperature.
To create the germanium laser, the scientists take a six-inch, silvery-gray disk of silicon and spray it with a thin film of germanium.
These same disks are actually used to produce chips in today's computers.
An electrically powered, room-temperature, infrared laser for laptop computers is still years away, however, cautioned Michel.
If and when those laptops do arrive, they will be powerful - more powerful in fact than even today's supercomputers.
The battery that powers the laptop won't necessarily last any longer, but the power it does hold will make calculations orders of magnitude faster than today.
"We need high-density, low-power solutions," said Kock.
Computer chips are constantly getting smaller and smaller, but they are approaching the fundamental limits of electron-based computing.
Light-based computing is one option to improve the speed and power of computers.
"Germanium-based optical computing is an especially attractive material for optical computing because it wouldn't require any change to the existing computer chip industry," Kock said.
The same machines that use silicon could also use germanium to make future chips. (ANI)
source "http://in.news.yahoo.com/139/20100302/981/tsc-soon-you-ll-be-able-to-surf-the-web.html
Environmental Entrepreneur,Green Biz.NRN Murthy of Infosys says that we Indians are weak in execution.We need to realize the need and practice of gud project management. Form a group of competent Managers,Give them responsibilities and review the project from day One.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
