Being sympathetic, kind, co-operative and warm may lower men's likelihood of becoming bosses

Being sympathetic, kind, co-operative and warm may lower men's likelihood of becoming bosses, according to a study.

The same may also apply to women to a certain extent, say the researchers behind the study.

According to reports, this study has provided firm evidence of the link between personality and job choice.

"People who aren't very nice are more likely to become managers," theage.com.au quoted study co-author Michelle Tan, a researcher in the economics program at the Research School of Social Science, at Australian National University, as saying.

The results further showed that men and women tended to enter different occupations, even when they had similar personality traits and skills.

The findings also revealed that despite having the same occupations, similar men and women took home widely different pay packets.

The study used a sample of 5397 men and women drawn from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, and sought to understand the extent to which personality determined occupation and whether this could explain the gender pay gap.

The authors say that women were found to report overall higher levels of extroversion, agreeableness, emotional stability, and conscientiousness than did men.

According to them, men reported higher levels of "openness to experience", and there was no difference in men's and women's sense of being able to control the events in their life.

The study also revealed that men's personality traits closely linked to some occupations: the more "agreeable" men rated themselves on a personality test, the less likely they were to be managers or business professionals; and the more "open to experience" men were, the more likely they were to be in business or education.

The extent to which women were "open to experience" was the main influence on the jobs they held.

Just like their male counterpart, the more agreeable women tended to be the less likely they were to be managers. However, unlike men, extroversion was associated with women entering managerial ranks.

While similar men and women often ended up in different occupations, this did not explain the gender pay gap.

 

source:http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/LIFE-STYLE-Relationships-Work-Sympathetic-kind-men-unlikely-to-end-up-as-bosses/articleshow/4785145.cms

A COMPANY OF RETROFITTING SOLUTIONS-STRUCTURUL CONCRETE STRENGTHENING SOLUTIONS

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SP Repcon Pvt. Ltd has following retrofitting services:

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Brazilian town turning human waste into clean energy

Subject: Fw: Brazilian town turning human waste into clean energy

Dear Saleem,

 

These are more likely to be publicity material

rather than actual accomplishments, I suppose.

 

Thanks,

 

Ganesan. :~)

http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5it77wWs-OVF_rV8J3xHLZz7zuKAw 

 

Brazilian town turning human waste into clean energy

By Maria Vitoria Velez – 1 day ago

PETROPOLIS, Brazil (AFP) — High in the cool hills of eastern Brazil, this tourist hot spot also known as the Imperial City is attracting worldwide attention thanks an innovative scheme to recycle human sewage.

It has fostered a relatively simple idea now gaining traction in other parts of Latin America and as far afield as Spain, as nations struggle with the impact of burgeoning populations compounded by dwindling supplies of fuel and water.

Here bio-digesters -- specially designed organic enzymes and bacteria -- are used to break down waste water and turn it into an alternative energy sources such as gas.

During three fermentation processes, the bio-digesters are unleashed on human effluent and as they break it down they produce a bio-gas, a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, which can then be piped into homes for use in heating or cooking.

"In fact this is a greenhouse gas, which is harmful to the atmosphere when it is unleashed, but can be collected to be useful," said Jorge Gaiofato, technical director at the Environmental Institute (OIA), the non-governmental organization behind the scheme.

Today there are more than 80 such bio-digesting ponds in Petropolis, a town some 65 kilometers (40 miles) from Rio de Janeiro on the east coast, which was once the summer residence of the Brazilian emperors in the 19th century.

The results of this 21st century project are exciting a lot of interest. Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic and Haiti have all established similar schemes.

The beauty is that nothing -- literally -- goes to waste. The mud left over from the bio-digesting process can be used as fertilizer for crops and the remaining water, now cleaned of noxious elements, is emptied back into neighboring rivers.

Gaiofato hopes the scheme will become more widespread in Brazil, where according to official statistics less then half of towns and villages collect their waste water and only 20 percent of it is subsequently treated.

This clean energy is now supplied to five of the city's poorer districts, providing gas for cooking and heating to about 20,000 people.

"The bio-digester recycles and reuses the waste water. Normally treating such waste is the job of the government as there is too much of it. But, the bio-digester is a solution for places where there is no existing network," added Gaiofato.

And the system is cheap. According to the non-government organization the cost of just one bio-digester is three times less expensive than installing traditional water treatment plants.

One bio-digester, which can serve four houses, costs just 1,000 to 1,500 dollars to set up.

If 10 houses use such a system, that produces enough gas for one household to be self-sufficient in gas.

The company Aguas do Imperador, which is charge of the sewerage system in Petropolis, has even installed a bio-digester system in the city's slums.

Two months ago Gean Carlos dos Santos, a 35-year-old teacher, decided to remove his septic tank to install a bio-digester, which he helped to build.

"I had a septic tank, but after taking an ecology course, I decided to change it for a bio-digester. Now we are not polluting the river any more and we get to use bio-gas" for cooking.

He has saved so much on his energy bills, that he is now thinking of using bio-gas to heat his water.

OIA says its project was initially designed to help poor communities deal with a growing sanitation problem and provide them with alternative sources of energy for cooking and heating other than wood or coal.

But as the world wakes up to the problem of global warming and limited fossil fuels, the use of bio-digesters is catching on among more well-off communities.

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