hajj made easy

NOTE FROM COMPILER:

      THE INTENTION OF THIS POST IS TO SHARE INFORMATION FOR THE BENEFIT OF ALL PEOPLE.PLEASE SHARE IT WITH YOUR RELATIVES AND FRIENDS.MAYBE IT WILL HELP SOMEBODY.ITS "SADAQA JAARIYAH" TO SPREAD KNOWLEDGE THAT HELPS OTHERS.IT IS NEVER MEANT FOR SHOW OFF WHICH IS A BIG SIN..

How to do tamattu  haj

PRIMARY AIM OF HAJJ :

To remain at all times focused on the primary aim of his Hajj: to plead to

The Almighty to forgive his sins and to bless him with The Straight Path for

the remainder of his life. it is the starting point of one's commitment to

cast away one's bad ways and to begin afresh a new Allah-centred life.

A. Some useful information (Advisory) for hajj:

1. Medicines: Take medical prescription alongwith you. Most pilgrims will

suffer from one or more of the following: sore throat, coughing, frequent

sneezing, runny nose , fever, leg cramp , foot sore. Bring enough supplies of over the counter medicine on advice of your personal doctor with his rubber stamped prescription containing his registration number

. This will reduce the need to make frequent trips to the makkah medina indian

pharmacy and also lower your out of pocket expenses.

2. Take multivitamins daily as you may not be eating a balanced diet

there. You may want to consider a diet of bottled water, jamjam water, dates and fruits as this will reduce the need to go to the toilet frequently. This diet may also help to keep you more alert and not make you feel 'sleepy'. You will thus

have more time to worship.

3. The Hajj pilgrimage involves a lot of walking. If you don't go for daily

walks at home, begin it well before your journey to The Holy Land. This will

reduce the likelihood of getting muscle pulls and cramps. The tawaf, sa'ee,

and the frequent daily walks to The Mosque will help to improve your health.

Do not stop this habit of walking when you return home. You must to be in

the best of health to concentrate fully on your worship wherever you are.

4. You are never more than a foot from another pilgrim when you are in

Mecca during the peak period of the pilgrimage. Cover your nose and mouth

with a mask when you leave your hotel/apartment to reduce the likelihood of

infection. You can get a good quality washable mask at the pharmacies

there.

5. If you wear glasses, bring along an extra pair, preferably one with a

plastic frame. The likelihood of your glasses falling down and being stepped

on by sudden movements of the crowd are high. As an additional cover, bring

along your glass prescriptions as well. There are optical shops near The

Mosque. It is common for those wearing glasses to remove it and place it in 

front before starting their prayer. Never do this in both mosques. The

likelihood of your glasses being stepped on by others is 99%.

6. Flatulence (passing of wind) is an important cause of the loss of wudu. In

the crowd packed Holy Mosques, this can be a big problem. Avoid or reduce

the intake of food that contribute to this problem. If this is a serious

problem for you, consult your doctor. Both herbal and other medications

[antacid antiflatulent] are now available to reduce the occurrence of

flatulence.

7. It is very important that the pilgrim wears his identification tag at all

times he/she is out of his place of accommodation

B. Location map of Kaba and medina in the brain

If I am standing facing the door of the Kaba, On my left its Hazre Aswad ,

than on my right its Hateem and on my back its makame ibraheem and

further behind its zam zam.

Tawaf starts from the black stone hazre aswad. During the peak Haj period, DO NOT attempt to kiss The Black Stone hazre aswad.
We used to sit in mataaf facing the kaaba door till all our companions gather at the same place. Similarly we used to gather near the iron gate near jannatul baqi in medina till all our companions gather. Only after that we used to go to our home together. 

Other Items You should Take Along:

1. A 20 Inch suitcase with name, address, passport no, cover no written outside.

2. A small carry bag

3. A warm bed sheet

4. A small bag for Stones to be collected at muzdalifa to throw stone at satan at mina

5. Small Torch

6. Two sets of Ihram ( one towel set and one Cotton set)

7. Towel, small, big, one each

8. Hawai Sappal

9. Watch

10. Cotton Shirts and pant

11. A sweater

12. A waist Belt

13. Tissue papers

14. Medicines with prescription
15. Mobile phone
16. tayammum earth

The following is a list of items of daily use you should carry with you. They will make your life easier, and your stay in Saudi Arabia more comfortable.

1. multi-blade pocket knife, can opener, nail clipper, small scissors.
2. tooth brush, tooth paste, disposable razors, shaving cream, small mirror, comb, toilet paper (2 rolls), napkins, soap (2 cakes), plastic soap dish, small shampoo bottle, deodorant, chapstick, small vaseline, tooth picks.
3. pocket Quran, tasbeeh,pen, pencil, notebook.
4. slippers (flip-flops, thongs, chappals), sneakers, folding umbrella, sunglasses (or clip-on sunshades), small flash light with extra batteries, travel alarm clock, elastic eye-glass holder, baseball cap, 10 zippered sandwich bags, 4 garbage bags, plastic spoons, laundry detergent, 6 plastic grocery bags.
5. towels (2 large, 2 small), musalla (i.e. prayer rug), one heavy sheet, inflatable pillow.

Common medicines required are :

Imodium(Stomach problem), Paracetamol(Fever), Ibuprofen (Pain Releif),Neosporine ointment,Vaselin (For feet), Multivitamines and your regular medicines as given by your doctor.

Medication during Hajj

Gastrointestinal and respiratory infections are very common during Hajj . Carry certain medicines with you for use later.

PREVENTIVE ANTIBIOTICS: Ask your doctor to prescribe a broad-spectrum antibiotic to be taken prophylactically (i.e., as a preventive measure) throughout your stay in Saudi Arabia. This writer's (saleem) doctor prescribed 250 mg of the antibiotic CIPLOX250 to be taken daily once. I never contracted any disease during my stay there but all my team members suffered this and that.

Some people were prescribed AMOXICILLIN in place of CIPLOX250 by doctors and pharmacists with good results. 

1. Take Medicines with prescription

Carry a reasonable supply of over-the-counter drugs such as :

1.Ibuprofen (for pain)

2. TYLENOL PM (as a sleep-aid)

3. BENGAY, ASPERCREME (for muscular pain)

4. IMMODIUM (for diarrhoea)

5. EMETROL (for nausea)

6. Anti Allergic like Cetzine10, Allegra120

7.Paracetamol (Fever),

8. COUGH Syrup

9. MULTI-VITAMINS,

10. ANTI-BACTERIAL CREAM (for cuts) Neosporine ointment, Vaselin(dry weather)

11.BAND-AIDS, Cotton, Dettol

b. Take multivitamins daily as you may not be eating a balanced diet

c. You may want to consider a diet of  jum jum water, dates and fruits as this

will reduce the need to go to the toilet frequently. This diet may also

help to keep you more alert and not make you feel 'sleepy'. You will thus

have more time to worship.

How to do tamattu  haj

Tawaf (Arabic: طواف) is one of the principal rites of the pilgrimage and refers to circumambulating or walking in circles around the Kaaba in an anti-clockwise motion. Seven complete circuits, with each one starting and ending at the hazre aswad the black stone, constitute one Tawaf.
Sa'ee is an Arabic word which means ritual walking or formal procedure defined in Pilgrimage. It is the back and forth movement between the hills of Safa and Marwah in Makkah. It is an integral part of the Hajj and Umrah in Islam.Thus the walk begins at Safa and ends at Marwah. Starting from Safa one should walk to Marwah and this constitutes one walk, from Marwah back to Safa the second and so on up to seven walks finally ending at Marwah.
YOU WILL BE IN IHRAM DURING STAY AT MINA, ARAFAT, MUDALIFAH. Learn dos and donts when in Ihraam.There is no problem in taking insulin injection during ihram by diabetic patients as it is not among the forbidden things in ihram.
For detailed description of hajj pls read this article https://islamqa.info/en/31822

7th zil hajj ;

Take a bath(ghusl) , WEAR IHRAM, pray two rakats sunnat and make niyyat for hajj tamattu. Say Talbiyah (" labbaik....)

Go to kaaba , do TAWAF & SAYEE. If you do sayee now,no need to do sayee in tawaf e ziyarat ( FARZ TAWAAF on 10th zul hajj ) .

8 th zul hajj : Spend the day & night at Mina. Pray five salaats.

we were sent to arafah from mina on the nite itself .

9 th zul hajj: Day of Arafah : From dhuhr to asr, "STAND UP" for prayers & pleadings at Arafah maidan ( inside tent ). "Arafah is Hajj". Keep this in mind.

After sun set at arafat ,we went to mujdalifah and stayed the night there under open sky ( no tent ) . its too cold at night but we cant wear anything as we are in ihraam  , we collected 70 pebbles at mujdalifah. 

10th zul hajj: day of Qurbaani :

on the morning of 10 th zilhaj , we offer fazr prayer at mujdalifah and immidiately move to mina with the stones in hand to stone the big satan.

Five things are to be done serially one after another on the 10th day. You cant break the series atall. or you will have to offer a dum ( a sheep ).

the series is as follows :

1. Stone the big satan ( only the big satan, not the other two) with seven pebbles . you can throw pebbles on behalf of other persons also who cant throw themselves.

2. Do the qurbani ( if you personally want to do the jawah of the sheep than u will have to go to makkah to do so, since we gave the duty of doing the qurbani to a saudi govt. bank , we did not went to makkah, instead we rested at our tent in mina and waited for the qurbaani time to be over )

3.  Shave off hair ( After the qurbaani time is over )

4. Took off Ihraam ( After shaving )

5. immidietly went to makkah to do tawaf e ziyarat ( FARZ TAWAAF ) . In tawaf e ziyarat , we have not done Ramal, Izteba, and sayee.

6. After farz tawaf ,we came back to mina to stay the night at mina tents.

 11 th zul hajj . you stone the three satans , each of them with seven stones after dhuhr prayer ( not before noon ). stay at mina.

 12 th zul hajj . you stone the three satans , each of them with seven stones after dhuhr prayer ( not before noon ). And now, you must leave mina boundary line before maghrib to makkah. if you are in Mina after sunset  , you will have to stay one another day at mina (13 th zul hajj also) and stone the three satans...he he he....and nobody wants to live in mina for another night.

You have now completed Hajj Tamattu Minus Tawaf Al Wada  ( Farewell Tawaf )

BEFORE U LEAVE FOR INDIA :

Before coming back to Home (India) , you do Tawaf al wada, no sayee .

With this last act, by the grace of almighty Allah your tamattu haj is complete.

 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

MY OWN HAJ EXPERIENCE IN 2008

( 03.11.2008) we boarded a  plane at Guwahati Airport (The first direct flight from Guwahati to Jeddah Non Stop) noon time and reached jeddah at maghrib. And travelled by bus to makkah and at isha time we offered our FIRST prayer in life DIRECTLY infront of Kaaba. 
I just cant describe the feeling here. Seeing is only believing. Go for it man when you are young and energetic.

shaving off your head at Mina during haj

Here is one of my haj experience that you may find interesting and informative 
...
at makkah u find barbers to shave off your hairs easily. so many of them are there....shouting at you...kom here kom here...

But on the 10th zulhijjah, at mina, you will not find barbers easily. and you cant shave yourself or your male relative cant shave you if he has not shaved his hair .We want to take off Ihraam fast , so, i searched and searched frantically but could not find any.

nobody there take chances with unknown people . But I asked one boy whether he will shave me, he said yah yah, why not. and now listen how he shaved me. i gave him my razor. he opened the razor set and took out the blade. holding the blade by hand he shaved me in 10 minutes flat. and my head was red here and there with cuts.

my mom was not worried about the cuts , she was worried about the unknown boy and probable infection. i Told mom that I carried the blade from Delhi. (MY OWN BLADE)

After that , i shaved my father and took almost one hour to shave him, isko dekh kar shamim bhai dar gaye and he took a round of the tents at mina aur shamim bhai ko kisi ne kar diyaa ganja,

Summery of the story : Take your own blade with u when u go there. and dont take unnecessary risks.

My HAJ 2008 Photos https://www.flickr.com/photos/saleemindiablog/

I think the book "HOJOLOI OLAOK " in assamese compiled by syed sayeedur rahman is the most easy to follow and step by step haj guide book I have ever found. email: sayeedbinjamal@gmail.com

 

Dairy Falling Film Evaporators

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Home / Evaporation & Crystallization / Evaporator Systems / Falling Film Evaporators / Dairy Falling Film Evaporators

Over the last 40 years the falling film evaporators has practically replaced the forced recirculation evaporator used until then. This type of evaporator is desirable from a product point of view, as it offers a short holding time. Further, the amount of product in the evaporator is reduced and the surface from which the evaporator takes place is increased. Figure 1 shows a diagram of a falling film evaporator. Figure 1 Falling Film Recirculation Evaporator The liquid to be evaporated is evenly distributed on the inner surface of a tube. The liquid will flow downwards forming a thin film, from which the boiling/evaporation will take place because of the heat applied by the steam. The steam will condense and flow downwards on the outer surface of the tube. A number of tubes are built together side by side. At each end the tubes are fixed to tube plates, and finally the tube bundle is enclosed by a jacket, see Figure 2. Figure 2 Evaporator Calandria The steam is introduced through the jacket. The space between the tubes is thus forming the heating section. The inner side of the tubes is called the boiling section. Together they form the so-called calandria. The concentrated liquid and the vapor leave the calandria at the bottom part, from where the main proportion of the concentrated liquid is discharged. The remaining part enters the subsequent separator tangentially together with the vapor. The separated concentrate is discharged (usually be means of the same pump as for the major part of the concentrate from the calandria), and the vapour leaves the separator from the top. The heating steam, which condenses on the outer surface of the tubes, is collected as condensate at the bottom part of the heating section, from where it is discharged by means of a pump. In order to understand the heat and mass transfer, the basis for the evaporation, it is necessary to define various specific quantities. Figure 3 One-stage evaporator. Definition of various specific quantities and the corresponding heat-flow diagram. From a given quantity of feed (A) part of the solvent is evaporated (B) leaving the concentrate or the evaporated product (C). And thus A=B + C See Figure 3, showing specific quantities and the corresponding heat flow diagram. The evaporation ratio (e) is a measure for the evaporation intensity and can be defined either as the ratio between the amount of feed and concentrate or the ratio between the solids percentage in the concentrate and in the feed. C=A /C=(C -Concentrate)/(C-Feed) If the concentrations or the evaporation ratio are known the quantities A, B or C can be calculated, if one of them is known. Given Quantity to be found Formula Quantity to be treated A B C B=A X (e-1)/e C=A X 1/e Evaporated Quantity B A C A=B X e/(e-1) C=B X 1/(e-1) Concentrate Quantity C A A=C X e Where: A: feed in kg/hr B: evaporator in kg/h C: concentrate in kg/h E: evaporation ration Since milk, due to the protein content, is a heat-sensitive product, evaporation (i.e. boiling) at 100 ° C will result in denaturation of these proteins to such an extent that the final product is considered unfit for consumption. The boiling section is therefore operated under vacuum, which means that the boiling/evaporation takes place at a lower temperature than that corresponding to the normal atmospheric pressure. The vacuum is created by a vacuum pump prior to start-up of the evaporator and is maintained by condensing the vapor by means of cooling water. A vacuum pump or similar is used to evacuate incondensable gases from the milk. At 100° C the evaporation enthalpy of water is 539 Kcal/kg and at 60°C it is 564 Kcal/kg. As the milk has to be heated from e.g. 6°C to the boiling point, and as energy, approx. 20 Kcal/kg, is required to maintain a vacuum corresponding to a boiling point of 60° C, we get the following energy consumption figures, provided we estimate the heat loss to be 2%: Boiling temperature °C 100 60 Heating Kcal/Kg 94 54 Evaporation Kcal/kg 539 564 Vaccum Kcal/kg _ 20 Net Energy Consumption Kcal/Kg 633 638 Heat loss, approx. Kcal/kg 15 15 Total Energy Consumption Kcal/kg 648 653 Corresponding to about 1.1 kg steam/kg evaporated water. To simplify the following examples we will use 1 kg steam/kg evaporated water. As vapor, see Figure 3, from the evaporated milk contains almost all the applied energy, it is obvious to utilize this to evaporate more water by condensing the vapor. This is done by adding another calandria to the evaporator. This new calandria - the second effect - now works as condenser for the vapors from the first effect, and the energy in the vapor is thus utilized as it condenses. In order to obtain a temperature difference in the second effect between the product and vapor coming from the first effect, the boiling section of the second effect is operated at a higher vacuum corresponding to a lower boiling point. Given Quantity Vacumm m WG Corresp. to mm HG abs = m above sea level Volume of water vapor 100 0 760 0 1.7 m3/kg 85 4.5 434 5,200 2.8 m3/kg 70 7.2 233 10,000 4.8 m3/kg 60 8.3 149 14,000 7.7 m3/kg 50 9.1 92 18,000 12.0 m3/kg 40 9.6 55 22,000 19.6 m3/kg A third effect heated by vapor from the second effect, and so forth, can of course be added. The limit is the lowest vacuum obtainable, and that is decided from the amount and temperature of the cooling water (usually 20 - 30°C) condensing the vapor from the last effect, whereby the vacuum is maintained. Using ice-water or direct expansion of freon to bring down the last effect boiling temperature is of course theoretically possible, but other factors such as viscosity of the product, volume of the vapors, and crystallization of lactose determine the practical limit being about 45°C. From Figure 4 we can see that 1 kg of steam can evaporate 2 kg of water and by applying a third effect 3 kg of water is evaporated using only 1 kg of steam. Figure 4 Principle of two-stage evaporation of water

http://www.niroinc.com/evaporators_crystallizers/dairy_falling_film_evaporators.asp

falling film evaporators

In falling film evaporators the liquid product (A) usually enters the evaporator at the head (1) of the evaporator. In the head the product is evenly distributed into the heating tubes. A thin film enters the heating tube are it flows downwards at boiling temperature and is partially evaporated. In most cases steam (D) is used for heating the evaporator. The product and the vapor both flow downwards in a parallel flow. This gravity-induced downward movement is increasingly augmented by the co-current vapor flow. The separation of the concentrated product (C) form its vapor (B) is undergoing in the lower part of the heat exchanger (3) and the separator (5).

A: Product B: Vapor C: Concentrate D: Heating Steam E: Condensate 1: Head 2: Calandria 3: Calandria, Lower part 4: Mixing Channel 5: Vapor Separator

Figure 1: Falling Film Evaporator

Falling film evaporators can be operated with very low temperature differences between the heating media and the boiling liquid, and they also have very short product contact times, typically just a few seconds per pass. These characteristics make the falling film evaporator particularly suitable for heat-sensitive products, and it is today the most frequently used type of evaporator.

Figure 2: 5-Effect Evaporator for Grape Juice with Thermal Vapor Recompression

However, falling film evaporators must be designed very carefully for each operating condition; sufficient wetting (product film thickness) of the heating surface by liquid is extremely important for trouble-free operation of the plant. If the heating surfaces are not wetted sufficiently, dry patches and incrustations will occur; at worst, the heating tubes will be completely clogged. In critical cases the wetting rate can be increased by extending or dividing the evaporator effects, keeping the advantages of single pass (no recirculation of product) operation.

The proper design of the product distribution system in the head of the evaporator is critical to achieve full and even product wetting of the tubes.

Because of the low liquid holding volume in this type of unit, the falling film evaporator can be started up quickly and changed to cleaning mode or another product easily.

Falling film evaporators are highly responsive to alterations of parameters such as energy supply, vacuum, feed rate, concentrations, etc. When equipped with a well designed automatic control system they can produce a very consistent concentrated product.

The fact that falling film evaporators can be operated with small temperature differences makes it possible to use them in multiple effect configurations or with mechanical vapor compression systems in modern plants with very low energy consumption.