RICE MILL EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT RICE MILL ETP

CLOTRIMAZOLE Clindamycin VAGINAL CREAM FOR VAGINAL ITCHING AND BURNING VAGINAL INFECTION

COMPOSITION. Active substances: 1 soft gelatin vaginal capsule contains clindamycin phosphate BP equivalent 100mg of Clindamycin and Clotrimazole BP 100 mg. Excipients: polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 4000, propylene glycol, gelatin, glycerin, Ponceau 4R (E 124) Titanium dioxide.

Most vaginal itching isn’t a cause for concern. However, you should contact your doctor or gynecologist if the itching is severe or if you suspect you have an underlying condition. Your doctor can determine the cause of your vaginal itching through an examination and testing. They’ll also be able to recommend appropriate treatments for this uncomfortable symptom. source : http://vagimilt.com/eng/specialist/instruction.html

There are several common causes of vaginal itching, burning, and irritation, including:

·         Bacterial vaginosis . It's normal to have a healthy mix of bacteria in the vagina. ...

·         Sexually transmitted disease (STDs). ...

·         Yeast infection (vaginal candidiasis). ... It’s a very common condition, affecting 3 out of 4 women at some point in their lives, according to the Mayo Clinic.

·         Menopause. ...

·         Chemical irritants. ...

·         Lichen sclerosis .

CLOTRIMAZOLE VAGINAL CREAM CAN KILL THE YEAST THAT CAUSES THE INFECTION.  Source http://www.rxlist.com/gyne-lotrimin-drug/medication-guide.htm

·         To cure a vaginal yeast infection, it is necessary to eliminate the yeast cells. Clotrimazole Vaginal Cream can kill the yeast that cause vaginal yeast infections and can relieve the associated itching and burning.

·         HOW TO USE

·         WARNING: DO NOT TAKE BY MOUTH OR USE IN THE EYES.

·         Directions:

·         Fill the applicator with the cream and then insert one applicatorful of cream into the vagina every day, preferably at bedtime. Dispose of applicator after use.

·         Repeat this procedure with a new applicator for 7 consecutive days. For relief of external vulvar itching, squeeze a small amount of cream onto your finger and gently spread the cream onto the irritated area of the vulva. Use once or twice a day for up to 7 days as needed to relieve external vulvar itching.

THE CREAM SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR VULV AR ITCHING DUE TO CAUSES OTHER THAN A YEAST INFECTION.

Important: In order to kill the yeast completely, you must useCLOTRIMAZOLE VAGINAL CREAM the full seven days, as instructed above, even if your symptoms are relieved sooner.

To load the applicator

Remove cap from tube of cream. Screw open end of applicator onto tube of cream. Gently squeeze opposite end of tube, forcing cream into barrel of applicator. The plunger will stop moving outward when the barrel contains the proper amount of cream. When the barrel is full, unscrew applicator from tube. After each use, replace cap and roll up the tube from the bottom.

To insert the vaginal cream:

Lie on your back with your knees bent. Insert the open end of the filled applicator into the vagina as deeply as it will go comfortably. Holding the applicator in place with thumb and middle finger, press the plunger until it stops. Withdraw the applicator.

IMPORTANT: Insert one applicatorful of CLOTRIMAZOLE VAGINAL CREAM each day for the full 7 days.

CLOTRIMAZOLE VAGINAL CREAM usually starts to relieve itching and other symptoms within 3 days. If you do not improve in 3 days or if you do not get well in 7 days, you may have a condition other than a vaginal yeast infection. Discontinue use of the product and consult your do ctor. Also, if symptomsrecur within a 2 month period, contact your doctor.

During your period, continue to use CLOTRIMAZOLE VAGINAL CREAM. Its action is not affected by menstruation. However, DO NOT USE TAMPONS WHILE THE MEDICINE IS IN USE: sanitary napkins may be used instead.

CLOTRIMAZOLE VAGINAL CREAM may reduce the effectiveness of some methods of birth control. Condoms, diaphragms, or vaginal spermicides may be so affected.

Source of the article : http://www.healthline.com/symptom/vaginal-itching

You should also contact your doctor if your vaginal itching persists for more than one week or if your itching occurs along with the following symptoms:

·         ulcers or blisters on the vulva

·         pain or tenderness in the genital area

·         genital redness or swelling

·         trouble urinating

·         an unusual vaginal discharge

·         discomfort during sexual intercourse

What to expect during your appointment

• Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms, including how severe they are and how long they have lasted. They may ask you about your sexual activities as well. They’ll also likely need to perform a pelvic examination. During a pelvic examination, your doctor will visually inspect the vulva and may use a speculum to see inside the vagina. They may press down on your abdomen while inserting a gloved finger into your vagina. This allows them to check the reproductive organs for any abnormalities.
• Your doctor may also collect a sample of skin tissue from your vulva or a sample of your discharge for analysis. Your doctor might perform blood or urine tests as well.

Medical treatment for vaginal itching

Once your doctor finds the underlying cause of your vaginal itching, they’ll recommend treatment options. The specific course of treatment required would depend on the particular condition that’s causing the problem:

·         Your doctor can treat vaginal yeast infections with antifungal medications. These come in various forms, including creams, ointments, or pills. They’re available by prescription or over the counter. However, if your doctor has never diagnosed you with a yeast infection, make sure to speak with your doctor before taking any over-the-counter medication.

·         Doctors often treat BV with antibiotics. These may come as pills you take orally or as creams you insert into your vagina. Regardless of the type of treatment you use, it’s important to follow your doctor’s instructions and to complete the full round of medication.

·         You can treat STDs with antibiotics, antivirals, or antiparasitics. You’ll need to take your medications regularly and avoid sexual intercourse until your infection or disease clears.

·         Menopause-related itching may be treated with estrogen cream, tablets, or a vaginal ring insert.

Other types of vaginal itching and irritation often clear on their own. In the meantime, you can apply steroid creams or lotions to reduce inflammation and ease discomfort. However, you should limit how much you use them because they can also lead to chronic irritation and itching if you overuse them.

Home remedies for vaginal itching

You can prevent most causes of vaginal itching through good hygiene and lifestyle habits. There are several steps you can take at home to prevent vaginal irritation and infection:

·         Use warm water and a gentle cleanser to wash your genital area.

·         Avoid scented soaps, lotions, and bubble baths.

·         Avoid using feminine hygiene products, such as sprays and douches.

·         Change out of wet or damp clothing right after swimming or exercising.

·         Wear cotton underwear and change your underwear every day.

·         Eat yogurt with live cultures to reduce the chance of getting yeast infections.

·         Use condoms during sexual intercourse.

·         Always wipe from front to back after having a bowel movement. 

Written by Mary Ellen Ellis
Medically Reviewed on April 11, 2016 by Dr. Michael Weber

 

Simple yeast Infections

For simple yeast infections, your doctor will usually prescribe the following treatment(s):

·         a one- to three-day regimen of an antifungal cream, ointment, tablet, or suppository. Common antifungal medications are Gynazle, Lotrimin, Monistat, and Terazol. These medications can be in prescription or over-the-counter form.

·         a single dose of oral medication such as Diflucan

Natural and Alternative Solutions to Vaginal Yeast Infections

You can treat vaginal yeast infections with natural remedies if you would like to avoid taking prescription medication. These are some popular natural remedies:

·         tea tree oil cream

·         garlic or boric acid vaginal suppositories

·         yogurt taken orally or inserted into the vagina

How to Prevent Vaginal Yeast Infections

In many cases, you may know exactly what led to your yeast infection. For example, some women experience these infections every time they take antibiotics. By recognizing your own risk factors, you can prevent future infections.

Here are some common methods of prevention, most targeted at avoiding bacteria growth near the vagina:

·         avoid wearing tight pants, pantyhose, tights, or leggings

·         avoid using feminine deodorant or deodorant tampons/pads

·         do not sit around in wet clothing, especially bathing suits

·         eat a well-balanced diet

·         eat yogurt or take supplements with lactobacillus

·         wear natural fibers such as cotton, linen, or silk

·         avoid sitting in hot tubs or taking frequent hot tub baths

·         wash underwear in hot water

·         avoid douching

·         change feminine products frequently

Here are the top 10 home remedies for vaginal itching and burning. From source

http://www.top10homeremedies.com/home-remedies/home-remedies-for-vaginal-itching-and-burning.html/3

http://www.findhomeremedy.com/10-home-remedies-for-genital-itching/

1. Apple Cider Vinegar

Apple cider vinegar is a good remedy for treating vaginal itching due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties. It also helps restore the natural pH balance of your vagina.

• Add 2 tablespoons of raw, unfiltered apple cider vinegar to a glass of warm water. Use this solution to wash your vagina twice daily for a few days.
• Also, add 1 tablespoon of raw, unfiltered apple cider vinegar and 1 teaspoon of raw honey to a glass of warm water and drink it twice daily.

2. Cold Compress

To get instant relief from vaginal itching, use a cold compress. It will help numb the area and reduce the itching and inflammation.

1. Wrap a few ice cubes in a clean cloth and tie it together.
2. Put this ice pack on your vagina for a few minutes.
3. Take a break for 30 seconds and reapply it.
4. Repeat until the itching stops.
5. Use this remedy as needed.

You can also rinse the vaginal area with cold water a few times a day.

3. Salt Water Bath

Enjoying a salt-water bath can also relieve vaginal itching. Salt will control the growth of the microbescausing the infection and in turn reduce itching and other discomforts.

• Add 1 tablespoon of salt to a glass of water and use it to wash your vagina whenever you feel the itch. This will give you instant relief.
• Alternatively, fill your bathtub with warm water and add ½ cup of salt to it. Sit in the water in a squatting position for 10 to 15 minutes. Repeat 2 or 3 times daily for a few days for best results.

Note: Do not use salt remedies if you have any skin tears or open sores.

4. Yogurt

Plain, unsweetened yogurt with active cultures is another good remedy to stop itching and burning in and around your vagina. The active cultures can control the spread of infection in the body. It also helps kill yeast and bad bacteria in the vagina and promote the growth of good bacteria.

• Dip a tampon in yogurt and insert it in the vagina for two hours. Do this twice daily until you get relief.
• Also, eat a few cups of plain, unsweetened yogurt every day.

5. Garlic

Garlic contains antibacterial as well as antibiotic properties that can help kill bacteria and yeast. It also improves the immune system and helps the body fight infections.

• Dilute a few drops of garlic oil with 1 teaspoon of vitamin E oil and apply it on the affected area. Wait 10 minutes, then rinse with warm water. Use this remedy twice daily for a few weeks.
• Chew 3 cloves of raw garlic daily. Alternatively, you can take garlic supplements after consulting a doctor.

6. Indian Lilac

Indian lilac, also known as neem, is a good remedy if you suffer from vaginal itching due to a yeast infection. Its antiseptic properties help fight the infection and reduce itching and other discomforts.

• Boil a handful of neem leaves in 2 to 3 cups of filtered water. Strain and allow it to cool. Use this solution to rinse the vaginal area once daily for a few weeks.
• Alternatively, add a few drops of neem oil to a bowl of lukewarm water and use it as a rinse for your vagina. Repeat this remedy twice daily for a couple of weeks.
• You can also drink neem tea a couple of times daily or take neem capsules after consulting a doctor

7. Kefir

Kefir, a fermented dairy product rich in probiotics, is an effective home treatment for vaginal itching and related symptoms.

The wide variety of probiotic bacteria, particularly lactobacillus and bifidus, in kefir help get rid of the yeast and bad bacteria that cause vaginal infection and itching. This drink also boosts your immune system to prevent infections.

• For a vaginal infection, dip a tampon in kefir and insert it in the vagina for two hours. Do this twice daily until you get rid of the problem.
• Also, drink 1 to 2 cups of kefir daily for a couple of weeks.

8. Honey

Unpasteurized honey is another effective remedy to stop the itching. It has antibacterial and antifungal properties that help get rid of any microbial infection that could be causing the problem.

• Apply unpasteurized honey as an ointment on the affected area. Leave it on for about 30 minutes, then take a bath in warm water. Repeat at least twice a day until the symptoms improve.
• Also, eat 1 to 2 tablespoons of unpasteurized honey with a glass of warm water twice daily.

9. Cranberry Juice

Drinking unsweetened cranberry juice also helps treat vaginal irritation and itching. Cranberries create an acidic environment that helps inhibit the growth of yeast and bacteria.

In addition, it helps prevent urinary tract infections and other kinds of bladder infections.

• Drink about 2 glasses of unsweetened cranberry juice daily until the itching has stopped.
• If cranberry juice is not available, you can take cranberry tablets twice daily. Consult your doctor for the correct dosage.

10. Boric Acid

Boric acid can also provide relief from vaginal itching and the irritation, thanks to its antiseptic and antifungal properties.

1. Dilute some boric acid with water.
2. Apply the solution over the affected area.
3. Leave it on for 1 to 2 minutes, then rinse it off thoroughly with warm water.
4. Follow this remedy once daily for a couple of weeks.

Additional Tips

• Keep the vaginal area dry as much as possible. Moisture around your vagina will worsen the condition.
• Maintain good hygiene to prevent vaginal itching. After using the toilet, always wipe from front to back.
• Wear only cotton underwear and change it twice daily.
• If possible, sleep without underwear until the itching has subsided.
• Avoid bubble baths, scented sanitary pads and any other chemical irritants.
• Do not douche or use harsh soaps to wash your vagina. Also, resist the temptation to scratch the itching area.
• Avoid intercourse until the itching has stopped.
• After exercising or swimming, take a shower immediately.
• Eat foods high in vitamin C to strengthen the immune system. This will reduce infections in the body.
• Avoid sugar when suffering from chronic vaginal itching caused by yeast infection.

9 Highly Effective Solutions For Yeast Infections

Follow these tips to eliminate your vaginal yeast infection quickly  http://www.prevention.com/health/yeast-infection-treatments

7 Common Reasons Your Vagina Is Itchy Beyond Belief

Plus, the treatment options that’ll soothe the irritation

BY WHITNEY C. HARRIS April 10, 2015

  http://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/itchy-vagina

http://www.girlshealth.gov/body/reproductive/infections.html

Bio Gas plant from Kitchen Waste and other bio degradable solid waste

Bio Gas plant from Kitchen Waste and other bio degradable solid waste

Proven on wide range of wastes and feedstocks including

• Livestock and agricultural wastes
• Biomass
• Sewage and industrial sludges
• MSW and catering wastes
• Food industry wastes
• Vegetable market waste
• Restaurant Waste
• Farm House/Cattle manure waste
• Slaughter House/Tannery waste
• Presumed waste

Suitable locations for installation of plant
Hotel premises, army/big establishment canteens (private/ government), residential schools/colleges, housing colonies, religious places / temple trusts, hospitals, hotels, sewage treatment plants, villages, etc.






The Principle:

Add bio degradable Solid waste to a  mixer to process the waste before putting it into predigestor tank. The waste is converted in slurry by mixing with water  in this mixture.

Use of thermophilic microbes for faster degradation of the waste. The growth of thermophiles in the predigestor tank is assured by mixing the waste with hot water and maintaining the temperature in the range of 55-60oC. The hot water supply is from a solar heater. Even one-hour sunlight is sufficient per day to meet the needs of hot water.

After the predigestor tank the slurry enters the main tank where it undergoes mainly anaerobic degra-dation by a consortium of archae-bacteria belonging to Methanococcus group. These bacteria are naturally present in the alimentary canal of ruminant animals (cattle). They produce mainly methane from the cellulosic materials in the slurry.

The undigested lignocellulosic and hemicellulosic materials then are passed on in the settling tank. After about a month high quality manure can be dug out from the settling tanks. There is no odour to the manure at all. The organic contents are high and this can improve the quality of humus in soil, which in turn is responsible for the fertility.

As the gas is generated in the main tank, the dome is slowly lifted up. This gas is a mixture of methane (70-75%), carbondioxide (10-15%) and water vapours (5-10%). It is taken through GI pipeline to the lamp posts. Drains for condensed water vapour are provided on line. This gas burns with a blue flame and can be used for cooking as well.

The gas generated in this plant is used for gas lights fitted around the plant. The potential use of this gas would be for a canteen. The manure generated is high quality and can be used in fields.

This manure can be supplied to farmers at the rate of 4-5 Rs. per Kg. Alternatively municipal gardens and local gardens can be assured of regular manure from this biogas plant.

COMPACT MBBR STP at MIPL,JAJPUR,Odisha

An introduction to MBBR (moving bed biofilm reactor )/ FM Reactor/ FAB /FMR Reactor wastewater treatment

When communities of microorganisms grow on surfaces, they are called biofilms. Microorganisms in a biofilm wastewater treatment process are more resilient to process disturbances compared to other types of biological treatment processes.  Thus, biofilm wastewater treatment technologies can be considerably more robust especially when compared to conventional technologies like activated suldge process..

In the MBBR biofilm technology the biofilm grows protected within engineered plastic carriers, which are carefully designed with high internal surface area. These biofilm carriers are suspended and thoroughly mixed throughout the water phase. With this technology it is possible to handle extremely high loading conditions without any problems of clogging, and treat industrial and municipal wastewater on a relatively small footprint.

System description

The MBBR™ biofilm technology is based on specially designed plastic biofilm carriers or biocarriers that are suspended and in continuous movement within a tank or reactor of specified volume. The design of associated aerators, grids, sieves, spray nozzles and other integral parts to the reactor is also of great importance in making up the system as a whole .

The industrial and municipal wastewater is led to the MBBR™ treatment reactor where biofilm, growing within the internal structures of the biocarriers, degrade the pollutants.  These pollutants that need to be removed in order to treat the wastewater are food or substrate for growth of the biofilm.  The biocarrier design is critical due to requirements for good mass transfer of substrate and oxygen to the microorganisms  .  Excess biofilm sloughs off the biocarrier in a natural way .

An aeration grid located at the bottom of the reactor supplies oxygen to the biofilm along with the mixing energy required to keep the biocarriers suspended and completely mix within the reactor.

Treated water flows from reactor through a grid or a sieve, which retains the MBBR™ biocarriers in the reactor. Depending on the wastewater, the reactors are may be equipped with special spray nozzles that prevent excessive foam formation.

The MBBR is a biological aerobic degradation of organic pollutants. The process utilizes millions of tiny, polyethylene biofilm elements that provide a high surface area as a home for a vast, highly active bacteria culture. This fixed film process features a flexible reactor design, the ability to handle load increases without the need for extra tankage, and remains stable under large load variations, including temperature, strength or pH. Like the activated sludge process, the MBBR process utilizes the whole volume of an open tank. Unlike an activated sludge reactor, it does not require sludge return to operate effectively. In MBBR , addition of media quantity and Air Quantity is the Key Factor.

Total reactor volume of the MBBRs is designed for different hydraulic retention time for different types of waste water at average flows and than checked against peak flows. Essentially nutrient levels and DO levels are the only control points for the system.

Moving Bed Biofilm Bioreactor (MBBR) process uses the whole tank volume for biomass growth. It uses simple floating media, which are carriers for attached growth of biofilms. Biofilm carrier movement is caused by the agitation of air bubbles. This compact treatment system is effective in removal of BOD as well as nitrogen and phosphorus while facilitating effective solids separation.

Design and Construction Principles

Neutralised and settled wastewater passes through MBBR for reduction in BOD/COD. Most of the MBBR plants are provided with vertically or horizontally mounted rectangular mesh sieves or cylindrical bar sieves. Biofilm carriers are made up of high density (0.95 g/cm³) polyethelene. These are normally shaped as small cylinders with a cross inside and fins outside. The standard filling of carrier is  not more than 465 m²/m³. Generally, design load for COD-BOD removal is 20 g COD / m²d. Smaller carriers need smaller reactor volume at a given loading rate (as g/m²d) when the carrier filling is same. 

It is advisable to use MBBR in combination with a DEWATS  as a pre-treatment unit, depending on the local conditions and input characteristics. It is a very robust and compact alternative for secondary treatment of municipal wastewater, having removal efficiency for BOD 90 – 95% (low rate) and that of 75 – 80% for high rate. Average nitrogen removal is about 85%. There is no need for sludge recirculation. Phosphorus and faecal coliform reduction is feasible with additional passive (non-mechanical) or active (mechanical) system components.

A constantly operating MBBR does not require backwashing or return sludge flows. It has minimal head-loss. Coarse-bubble aeration in the aeration zone in the wastewater treatment tank provides ease of operation at low-cost. Agitation continuously moves the carrier elements over the surface of the screen thus preventing clogging. Maintenance of MBBR system includes screening, influent equalisation, clarifier system, sludge handling and integrated control system. There is no need to maintain f/M ratio as there is self-maintenance of an optimum level of productive biofilm. Skilled labour is required for routine monitoring and operations of pumps and blowers.



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