Entrepreneurship: What it takes

The entrepreneur's advice


According to Raghav, if you have a passion for something, follow it. All you need to do is prioritise your ideas and work hard.

Clarity of thinking and a drive to excel is a must; you may have great ideas, but what is elementary to success is the drive to excel. Don't be afraid to make mistakes because you are bound to make them. Mistakes are integral to success.



If one start-up has failed, it doesn't mean you will lose again; it is a great learning experience that one has to go through to emerge successful.



The venture capitalist's tips



According to Sandeep, an entrepreneur must have a passion for what he is doing. The important thing to remember is that he will hit lows during the process that will make him question his decision. Belief in the idea is important though, and your passion will keep you going.



You need to have domain expertise, for which you need not have years of experience. Expertise is relative. If you are specialising in something no one else has done before, you are the expert.



You should be able to build a competitive edge in the business. It could be in technological processes, marketing relationships or solutions you offer customers.



You should be able to build the business and manage its growth -- as the company grows, the number of people will increase.



You should be able to hire the right kind of people and establish a good work culture. You should be able to manage change, retain people and scale with the business. And yes, a handful of luck helps too!

ITS A MATTER OF DESTINY

QUESTION:every business my husband tries to start it does not work out. He has invested money in different types of business but there is never any profit. He is very hard working, puts every effort to make the business work. For past seven years mashallah of our married life we are still not set financially. It hurts me because even after having so much faith in Allah, every loss in business he still says not to loose hope. I just wanted to know if there is some black magic done on him not to succeed in life or is his business .OR what should we do so that all our financial problems are over. Please tell me some dua i can recite so that he can find the right business and be inshallah very successful in it so that we can get financially set.Please help bcoz he is a very nice person, husband and father.He always helps other people out when they r in trouble .He is really very nice mashallah. Help us, he does not believe in any black magic, n wont believe in going to ask for help to any religious place, he says its all faith .He says inshallal Allah will help us one day. So , please guide us in the right way with a dua or prayer bcoz we dont know how.Please HELP! [United States]

===========================================

Answer:

What your husband says is right. You should remain courageous and encourage your husband to continue his struggle. ‘Food’ is a matter of destiny. Nothing can be said with certainty as to when and how much you will get and by what means Allah (SWT) will make it available. Only Allah (SWT) has the knowledge of all this. Keep working. We do kind deeds for Allah (SWT). We help people in distress to seek the pleasure of Allah (SWT). Having a firm faith and belief is also for the sake and will of Allah (SWT). It is a part of the faith to believe in Destiny, that man will get what he is destined to get, as and when Allah (SWT) wants. With perfect belief in Destiny, your husband must seek the advice of some experienced person and stick to a particular business. In business, experience matters a lot. With the advice and suggestions of professional people your husband should be able make headway. Stick to one business. Initially, there are ups and downs, but with the passage of time, business settles down and everything will be all right.

Allah (Subhana Wa Ta'ala) Knows Best


Mufti Naval-ur-Rahman Miftahi

Vaastu in your Bedroom:

Vaastu in your Bedroom:
--------------------------------
After a whole busy day you expect a complete rest for your body & mind. And bedroom is the place where you get the relief from your stress, workout and other tension. So it becomes very necessary to take utmost care while placing the interiors for your bedroom according to the Vaastu percepts. Some general Vaastu principles relating to the Bedroom are as follows:
1) The master bedroom is the place where the head of the family gets peace and privacy. Thus it is preferred in the Southwest or South since it is considered to be cool place.
2) Avoid constructing the master bedroom in the Northeast direction. Southeast is also not recommended for this room.
3) While placing mirror in your bedroom see to it that no part of your body is directly visible in the mirror while sleeping. Because that part of your body might face health problems e.g. if your head is visible in the mirror while sleeping it may cause migraine or if your legs are visible then you may face problem such as joints pain, etc.
4) Always keep your feet away from the main door, while sleeping it should not face the main door.
5) Place the bed in the Southwest of the room but it should not obstruct the door of the room.
6) Do not sleep keeping your head towards the north.
7) Avoid having bedroom near the drawing room.
8) Always keep room well-maintained, along with some scenery. Keep it well-lit and pleasant looking.
9) Always sleep with your head towards south.
10) See that the bed never touches the wall.

Vaastu Shastra Tips for Offices/Businesses

In the office, the temple should not be placed at the back of the owner’s seat.

The owner seat must be facing east or north. West is also permissible but it must not face south.

There must always be a solid wall behind the owner’s seat.

The owner’s desk must always be rectangle.

The central point of a factory, house and office should be empty.

Vaastu Shanti Tips for Offices/Businesses

Vaastu Shanti Tips for Offices/Businesses

In the office, the temple should not be placed at the back of the owner's seat. The owner seat must be facing east or north. West is also permissible but it must not face south. There must always be a solid wall behind the owner's seat. The owner's desk must always be rectangle. The central point of a factory, house and office should be empty.

http://blogbusinessworld.blogspot.com/2005/09/blog-message-boards-blog-traffic.html

There are also some very good and active blog specific message boards. You will want to make a point of joining and participating on them.

Blogger Talk

Blogger Forum

Forum4Bloggers

Yahoo Blogging Community Free membership required

About.com Weblog Forum

To join most message boards, you will have to register as a member. The membership process usually requires you to provide a user name. You may use your real name, or if you prefer, you can create a fictional pen name, called a "handle". You will be required to provide a valid e-mail address for communications.

Some forums require some additional personal information, to protect the message board, from those who might wish to destroy their online community. Your information is almost universally protected by a password. Once you have that information in place, and had your membership approved and confirmed, you are almost ready to post.

You are not quite ready yet, however. You still have a few things to do, in order to have your message board postings help market and promote your business and your blog.

In order to gain new visitor traffic, develop a solid reputation, and gain search engine optimization benefits, you must create what is known as a signature file, or "sig line". Not all forums allow one, so be sure to check in advance of creation.

What a signature file does, is create a live link back to your website, from the message forum itself. That link into your website is very important.

The signature file for your link should not simply be your website's URL. If at all possible, avoid that type of signature as it doesn't describe your business. It also provides less than the desired level of search engine optimization. Using your blog title is better, but still is not what you want to use.

Use a your targeted keyword phrase as your signature. If you can use the keywords, right in the live link, that is the best possible signature. It provides a keyword inbound link to your website. Note, however, not all forum links have search engine benefits, as they are sent through redirects. The search engines themselves may not be giving them any weight any longer either. Use signature file keywords with that possibility in mind.

How to create good work habits

1. Avinash religiously maintains a list of tasks to be done and sticks to it, updating the leftovers in the next day's list.

2. To handle the stress, he meditates for 15 minutes in the morning and 15 minutes after coming back from work.

3. He replies to e-mails immediately after reading them. This habit, he says was the hardest to develop, but is extremely rewarding. It saves him time; he does not have to go through the e-mail again, which he would have had to do if he replied later. It also reduces the clutter in his inbox -- and his mind. 

4. Avinash does not carry work home, though he is always tempted to do so. This has helped him maintain the much-needed balance between work and life.

Here is a step-by-step process that will help you create powerful professional habits. This, in turn, will take you to the next level of success in your career.

Step 1: Gain clarity about your goals

Unless you are clear about the result you want, you will not be able to decide which habits to develop. Apparently, when George Bernard Shaw was trying to make it as a writer, he realised he was not doing a very important thing -- he was not writing every day. He decided to write five pages every single day, no matter how uninspired he was. This is an example of someone who created a habit with a very clear purpose in mind.

You need to decide the result you want to achieve.

Step 2: Decide habits you want to develop

Which habits are most useful in helping you reach your goal?

If you want to be a manager or an administrator, it is critical that you have excellent time management skills. Maybe, you need to develop a habit of religiously writing down your tasks for the day every single morning.

If you want to be successful at an exam like CAT or GMAT and math is a problem area, you might want to develop the habit of doing at least 10 math problems every day.

If you want to achieve excellence in technology, you might want to develop the habit of reading at least one article from a technical journal every day.

If you are setting goals for yourself, you might want to develop the habit of revisiting your goals every day and planning a daily action list based on those goals.

Developing conscious habits in any sphere of life is extremely rewarding. Here are a few examples of some good work habits you can develop.

1. Replying to e-mails within a specified time of receiving them.

2. Planning for delays and being punctual.

3. Having an organised hard disk or file folders.

4. Writing a journal -- 'What did I learn today?'

5. Creating half-an-hour of 'quiet time', when you learn something new related to your job everyday.

6. Reading an inspirational quote or article everyday.

7. Daily meditation/ exercise for stress relief.

8. Spending some time on a passion/ hobby to recharge yourself.

Now, I want you to brainstorm and come up with 12 power habits you want to develop. Twelve, because we are going to make a yearly plan.

Step 3: Prioritise according to urgency

Take a long, hard look at the list of power habits you want to develop. Rank it in order of urgency -- which of these habits do you need to start working on right away?

Step 4: Habit of the month

We are not going to work on more than one habit per month. If you try to develop six habits in a month, you will probably find it too hard and give up (though this would depend upon your level of self-discipline). So, let us not set ourselves up to fail. Let us set ourselves up to succeed.

Starting today, for the next one month -- you must, every single day, practise the habit you have listed as most important. You have to do this for a month ie 31 days. If you break the habit on any particular day, you have to start over and do it again for 31 days.

After you have successfully completed your first habit, you can move on to habit number 2. When you do this, you will notice the first habit you worked on has already become part of your nature; you don't need to make an effort to sustain it.

If, after continuing a habit for 31 days, you may find you have a rational reason not to continue with it. That is okay. You can quit after you have followed a habit continuously for 31 days (and, if you trust me, you won't). However, you must not quit a habit within 31 days of beginning to practise it.

In one year, you would thus have developed 12 powerful new habits, which would probably stay with you for a lifetime. In the course of time, these habits will effortlessly help you achieve the results you most desire.

Think of the alternative. These 12 months would pass anyway. But, if you adopt this programme to inculcate habits that support your goals, you will be able to move closer to them and feel a greater level of fulfilment and joy -- which is a natural side-effect of self discipline.

do you think a textile unit having 670cumtr/d discahrge will spend so much in maintaining an ETP

Gobar Required
Discharge	900000	Liter/day	900	cum/day
Gobar	90	kgs
DAP reqd
Discharge	900000	liter/day
inlet BOD	540	ppm
outlet BOD	37.8	ppm
BOD removed	502.2	ppm
BOD load	451.98	kg/day
Phosphorous reqd		4.5198	kg /day
DAP required		19.23319	kg/day
Dissolve	19.23319	kg	DAP in a	1000	liter tank and set the metering pump % stroke to					41.66667	ltr/hour
UREA REQD
Nitrogen reqd		22.599	kg/day
Nitrogen in DAP		4.077437	Kgs/day
Actual nitrogen to be added			18.52156	kg/day
UREA REQD		39.74584	kg/day

Total cost of operation of the plant comprising of all four segments is as under;

Sl.No.	Description	Consumption /day	Rate (Rs.)	Amount (Rs)	Remarks
01.	Power	469 Units	4.50	2112.00	Detail of Power consumed is mentioned in another sheet in table no 8
02.	Chemicals
	a) Urea	40 Kgs.	5.00	200.0
	b) DAP	20 kgs.	10.00	200.00
03.	Man Power	5 Persons	-	583.00	Average
04.	Repair & Maint.	Lumpsum	-	500.00	Estimated Rs 15,000 P.M. (Appr)
	TOTAL			3595.00

Estimated cost per month : Rs. 1,07,850/=

Estimated cost per annum : Rs. 12 Lacs.

A venture capitalist's wishlist

From 1992 to 2000, Srini Raju was the Chief Operating Officer of Satyam Computers. He was the first CEO of Cognizant Technology Solutions. In 2000, he turned Venture Capitalist and founded iLabs Capital to help start new ventures. iLabs now funds 13 companies. He is also one of the founding members of the International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT).

What does he look for in a venture?

"I will look for two things," says Raju. "One is the quality of the team. Second is the business plan. My question to an entrepreneur will be -- are you looking to be one among many or unique? If someone comes to me without doing proper homework on competitors, I won't even look at the person. When someone comes with an idea, I ask -- are you the first one, the second or the hundredth? Most of the time, they don't know."

Advice to budding entrepreneurs

1. "First," says Raju, "I will tell them to go and work with another start-up company. All my life, I have struggled working at start-up companies. I never worked with big names; we created brands later on. It is very tough because you always have to identify yourself. We had to sell ourselves because we didn't have brands. My brand was my idea. So, budding entrepreneurs should first work at a start-up company � one where the management is good.

2. The next thing is to identify whom you want to start the company with. Don't ever start one all alone. You should have a minimum of three and a maximum of five buddies, because it is very difficult to get good talent. When big companies find it difficult, how can a start-up attract good people?

3. Many businesses are very local today. Look at Reliance -- everything is local for them, and they are doing big business. So, people now know that you can build big businesses by looking at local markets alone. Investors are also okay with that outlook. You don't have to have an international market to succeed. We look at the global market only in the case of services."

The booming areas

"Opportunities today are plenty," says Raju. "You have to decide where you want to play the game." His recommendations:

1. "Infrastructure is a booming area. Housing is awfully short in India, so we have to build houses for millions of people. Housing will continue to be a big area for some time.

2. Retail and distribution are booming.

3. I would call media and entertainment the most exciting sector. What was India-centric will go global, like Hollywood has.

4. The Life Sciences space is very interesting; both in terms of medical care and medicine."

How to make a GREAT PowerPoint presentation

How to make a GREAT PowerPoint presentation


Sunder Ramachandran | May 29, 2006

Does the thought of making a PPT get your palms all sweaty?

Well, you can change that. Here, we tell you how to hone your presentation skills, so that you look forward to it instead of approach it with dread.

For those who are lost, PPT is an abbreviation for the PowerPoint Presentation. This is a high-powered software tool marketed by Microsoft. They claim 30 million presentations are made with PowerPoint every day.

Basically, it is a tool used to present information in a slide show format. You can use text, charts, graphs, photographs, sound effects and even video with a lot of ease to present (sometimes boring) ideas, facts, trends, whatever information you want to.

So, whether your audience is your boss, your colleagues, a client, or students, here's how to make a killer presentation.

• 6 tips to make a GREAT presentation

When making the slides...

Shoot them with bullets 

"Less is more on a slide show. Too much information on a single slide becomes unreadable, especially when it is projected on a big screen for a large audience," says Delhi-based Ajay Jain, CEO, TCP Media.

1. Present your content in the form of four to five bulleted points per slide; anything more and you end up creating clutter. Using bullets not only makes your slide readable, it also adds to the overall impact of your presentation.

2. Let your bullets be visible. Try to use a font size of 18-24.

3. Don't let each bulleted point be too lengthy. Limit it to six words in one line -- use short sentences.

4. Try to restrict it to six lines in a slide.

5. Contrast the text with the background.

6. To highlight certain important information, present that text in a larger font size. 

Don't make it too animated

PowerPoint offers tremendous multimedia capabilities, but don't get carried away with flashy videos, music clips or graphics. Restrict it to certain slides, you don't have to employ it for each and every one.

"One of my students made a presentation on micro finance. It was a serious topic but every slide had background music and even the click of the mouse produced fancy sounds. This took away from the seriousness of the subject being discussed," says Madurai-based M Subramanian a senior faculty member with the R L Institute Of Management Studies.

Use the multimedia capabilities only for special emphasis or to demonstrate how something works. If you use animation excessively, your presentation could be labeled as 'school-boyish'.

Space it out evenly

Select the first of the three or more objects you want to space out, hold down the 'Shift' key and click the remaining objects you want evenly spaced out.

Go to the 'View' menu and select 'Toolbars', then select 'Drawing' to open the 'Drawing' toolbar. Once there, click 'Draw'.

A menu opens.

Click 'Align' or 'Distribute', then 'Distribute Horizontally' or 'Distribute Vertically' to align the objects you selected. Your slides will look balanced and dapper.

• Making a presentation? Use mind maps

When presenting...

Your PPT is not a Teleprompter

Don't commit the cardinal sin of reading out your slides word for word. This is guaranteed to get your audience yawning and reaching for more coffee.

PPT slides are to be used as a visual communication aid and not as a teleprompter for the speaker. 

"If I want my audience to make notes of important points, I usually provide hand-outs or leaflets after the presentation. This ensures the audience is listening instead of taking notes," says Mumbai-based Prabh Sharan, training manager with Kingfisher Airlines.

Get out of the way

Make sure you are not blocking the audience's view. Use a laser beam to identify the points on the screen, never your arm. A flailing arm is a distraction.

"In one of the college presentations, a colleague kept prompting us to read the slides but would not move away. We ended up reading the slides from his face as he was standing right in front of the projector," says Madan Ramachandran, an MBA graduate from ICFAI business school, Hyderabad.

Go slow

"In one of our routine university meets, a fellow academician flipped through a 15-slide presentation in about five minutes," says Delhi based Shanthi Chander, senior administrative officer, Indira Gandhi University. "At the end of it," he concludes, "we all had the same question on our minds -- what exactly just hit us?"

Don't rush through your slide show. Give about 30 seconds to two minutes for the images on your slide show to make an impact. This will also give you time to answer questions and make your point.

Do dummy runs

Don't make the first presentation to your audience. You should do the entire presentation by yourself (in front of a mirror, if possible). See how it flows and how long it takes.

If you are uncertain, maybe you could run it past a colleague or a friend. Ask them for feedback. Go through other presentations. if you have them, and see how others have done it. Recollect all the presentations you attended -- what you like about them, what you disliked about them, etc. Now, implement what you have learnt from all of this in your slide show presentation.

It's not just technology

PowerPoint may be a great piece of technology, but your effectiveness as a public speaker will eventually dictate the impact.

Dress smartly. Entertain the audience with some amount of planned humour. Share anecdotes and stories.

Don't talk in a monotone. Pack in enthusiasm and energy into your voice.

And, if you do goof up, never apologise -- take a breath, smile and move on. You will be surprised to know how many in your audience may not have even noticed the mishap until you made it obvious.

• Become a superstar at telesales. Here's how

Smart tips...

Go blank: If you want the audience to take their eyes off the slides, just put the presentation on slide show mode and press 'B' on your keyboard.

This will blank out the screen and you will have the audience's attention. Press 'B' again and you are back.

Add speaker notes: Worried about forgetting your script? Here's a smart solution.

Go to the slide for which you want to add notes. Go to the 'View' menu and select 'Notes'.

Click the text placeholder and begin typing your speaker notes. Only YOU can see these notes, so your audience will leave your presentation, impressed with your ability to say smart things at the right time. Try it out, it's really cool.

Navigate: If you have to navigate through slides, you can simply type in the slide number and press 'Enter'.

• 3 golden rules for effective communication

A powerful presentation is not a matter of chance. It takes a lot of preparation and practice, but the thundering applause from your audience will make it all worth it.

So bring out your shining new slide show and wow even the toughest audience.

DATA REQUIRED TO DESIGN ANY ETP/STP/WTP

1. Type Of Waste : Is it dyeing and printing or only dyeing or only printing

2.Total quantity of waste : Not mentioned

3.Total processing hour in a day of 24 hours: Not Mentioned

4. Flow Rate: 40 cu mtr/ Hr

5.Inlet Parameters: pH:-------, TSS:--------, BOD:---------, COD:---------, OIl & Grease:-------, Detergents:-------

6.Outlet parameters required:

7.Available area for the proposed ETP:

8. Do you mean to reuse the treated water or some part of it, if yes how much water and where

Advice from an entrepreneur turned VC

On what, as a VC, he will look for in an entrepreneur

1. I will see if they have a fire in their belly because, at the end of the day, they are the ones going to make a venture a success. They must have passion and conviction.

2. They should be ready to play a long innings. I call it a marathon as well as a sprint. You have to be running fast despite it being a long race.

3. Ideas change, as do business models and markets, but they should understand that it is eventually all about people. If the team is strong, does the right things and learns from customers and the marketplace, it can always create value and get an exit. So, it is a team affair to begin with.

4. I will ask, are they clear about market opportunities for the ideas they are going after?

5. I will also ask them what is the implemented value they offer customers. I am not talking about the perceived value. A lot of them get confused about the stated value versus realised value. They can write anything on a piece of paper, but is that what customers are saying once they implement your services?

6. I will look at the barriers for entry. How much lead-time do they have compared to other players? How soon can they get in? Even gorillas can get in when the market becomes viable; can they compete with the big boys? Can they carve their own niche?

If an entrepreneur doesn't have answers to all the questions a VC asks, no one will invest money in his idea. It is true that he will not have all the clarity in the beginning, but he should be willing to refocus his business model when the need arises.

What entrepreneurs should keep in mind while meeting a VC

1. To begin with, he should do a lot of homework and find the right VC. He should find out what the VCs are interested in, what they are passionate about, etc.

2. Once you do the homework, select a set of VCs. If I were an entrepreneur, I wouldn't pitch to all of them on day one; I would pitch to two or three of them and get feedback.

3. Pitching should be more informal. You will know the VC's interests in the first meeting itself. VCs will put forward some common objections, but you put all objections in a bucket -- objections about the team, technology, size of the market place, competition, etc. Once you put them in a bucket, decide whether you can resolve them. Target 10-12 of the relevant ones before going to pitch.

4. At conferences like TiE-ISB, you get to meet busy VCs over a cup of tea or lunch, which you will otherwise be able to do.

5. A lot of entrepreneurs are worried about VCs stealing their ideas. My advice to them is, never worry. They should protect their intellectual property. VCs will never steal their ideas; they have very little time. So, they should shed that idea first. I must say this fear doesn't exist in Silicon Valley because so much has happened there. The level of professionalism there is higher. The fear occurs because entrepreneurship has been happening relatively recently in India. It will take some time to come out of it.

What one should do after becoming an entrepreneur

1. You have to dispel the notion that 'I want to own 90 per cent of what I build'. You have to look at making the pie bigger. It doesn't matter whether you own 90 per cent of a $10 million company or 20-30 per cent of a $300 million company. Your net worth is much higher. So, you have to create and share wealth.

2. You also have to bring in the right people to make the pie bigger.

3. When you scale a company, as an entrepreneur, you start with a lot of passion. After you build to a certain scale, you have to decide when to step aside and bring in a professional team to take the company to the next level. Entrepreneurs across the world have this possessiveness; they want to hold on to their company very closely.

4. Apart from your hard work, you have to be at the right place at the right time. Timing is everything. You have to time it right, which is where judgment comes into play. You may go up to 10-20 million in revenue but, when consolidation takes place in the marketplace, you will be nobody. You may never get an exit. Finally, remember that luck plays a major role.

Water Purification

http://www.about-water-purifiers.info/

Water Purifiers - How Safe is the Water You Drink?

Water is life's mater and matrix, mother and medium. There is no life without water, but water in its raw state is not suitable for drinking. It contains numerous contaminants, which can be dangerous to human health.

But, thanks goes to Science that has invented devices to shield civilization against such aqua ailments. A water purifier is one of such devices that purify our drinking water. A water purifier is a wonderful device that converts raw water so that it tastes like nectar; therefore by this process it makes ordinary tap water perfectly suitable for drinking.

Health Benefits of a Water Purifier:

A water purifier is very beneficial for healthy living. Ordinary untreated water can contain numerous contaminants including bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi, minerals, and man-made chemical pollutants that cannot be seen with the naked eye. These contaminants are very pernicious for one’s health.

A water purifier kills these organisms and filtrates the contaminants to make the water perfectly fit for drinking. Thus water purifiers save us from numerous dangerous bacterial and viral diseases that easily spread when water becomes contaminated.

Water Purification Techniques:

Different water purifiers use different techniques of purification. The common techniques used to purify water include boiling, carbon filtering, distilling, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, electrode ionization, water conditioning and plumbo-solvency reduction.

Carbon filtering: This technique is commonly used in home water filters. Charcoal, a form of carbon with a high surface area due to its mode of preparation, adsorbs many compounds, including some toxic compounds. The water is passed through activated charcoal to remove such contaminants. Granular charcoal filtering and sub-micron solid block carbon filtering are the two types of carbon filtering systems.

Granular charcoal is not very effective for removing contaminants such as mercury, volatile organic chemicals, asbestos, pesticides, disinfections byproduct (trihalomethanes), mtbe, pcbs etc. The sub-micron solid block carbon filter is the better system that removes all of the contaminants.

Home water filters drinking water sometimes also contains silver. These small amounts of silver ions can have a bactericidal effect.

Reverse osmosis: The reverse osmosis water system is the technique in which mechanical pressure is applied to an impure solution to force pure water through a semi-permeable membrane. The process is called reverse osmosis, and is theoretically the most thorough method of large-scale water purification.

Ion exchange: Most common ion exchange systems use a zeolite resin bed and simply replace unwanted Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions with benign (soap friendly) Na+ or K+ ions. This is the common water softener. A more rigorous type of ion exchange swaps H+ ions for unwanted cations and hydroxide (OH-) ions for unwanted anions. The result is H+ + OH- → H2O. This system is recharged with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, respectively. The result is essentially deionized water.

Electrodeionization: It includes passing the water through a positive electrode and a negative electrode. Ion selective membranes allow the positive ions to separate from the water toward the negative electrode and the negative ions toward the positive electrode. It results in high purity de-ionized water. The water is usually passed through a reverse osmosis unit first to remove nonionic organic contaminants.

Water conditioning: This is a method of reducing the effects of hard water. Hardness salts are deposited in water systems subject to heating because the decomposition of bicarbonate ions creates carbonate ions that crystallize out of the saturated solution of calcium or magnesium carbonate. Water with high concentrations of hardness salts can be treated with soda ash (Sodium carbonate) that precipitates out the excess salts, through the common ion effect, as calcium carbonate of very high purity. The precipitated calcium carbonate is traditionally sold to the manufacturers of toothpaste.

Plumbo-solvency reduction: In areas with naturally acidic waters of low conductivity (i.e. surface rainfall in upland mountains of igneous rocks), the water is capable of dissolving lead from any lead pipes that it is carried in. The addition of small quantities of phosphate ion and increasing the pH slightly both assist in greatly reducing plumbo-solvency by creating insoluble lead salts on the inner surfaces of the pipes.

8 lessons for budding entrepreneurs

At the Tie-ISB Connect 2006, Sanjeev Kumar spoke about the eight lessons he has learnt as an entrepreneur. These are mantras that all budding entrepreneurs should keep in mind.

1. It always takes a long time to establish a company.

2. It always costs more (than you thought it would) to start a company.

3. We need leaders, not managers, for an enterprise to succeed.

4. Perseverance pays. You have to believe in what you are creating, and keep the faith. In 2001, many people told us we were over, but we are still here.

5. History does not always repeat itself.

6. Communication is key. Listening is extremely important. You should have the ability to listen to your employees.

7. Be prepared for the culture factor in the US and in India, though a lot of cross-pollination has taken place by now.

8. In good times, be prepared for the bad times. Good times will not last forever. Business is cyclical.

He also compares India of the past to what it is today:

1. India today has the right mix of technical resources.

2. There is a better ecosystem in place. In 1999, when we were establishing ourselves, we had only personal contacts.

3. There is a more developed and distributed academic system in India today. Silicon Valley succeeded because of better academia. Today, in India, you have not just the IITs, but many good private institutions that produce excellent, technically competent people.

4. The speed at which the domestic market is growing is very heartening.

5. Infrastructure is developing fast, and is as good as what's in America.

6. India has more cost-effective communication channels.

7. Accessibility is easier today.

8. The Indian government has realised the importance of having business, so there are more incentives from the authorities. The best thing is states competing with each other to attract new ventures.

9. Many states have realised the importance of Tier 2 cities. We need more Tier 2 cities in all states.

ENVO PROJECTS---SCOPE OF WORKS

SYED ENVO PROTECT (I) Pvt. Ltd is the “Environmental Organization” which undertakes turnkey projects: -

1) To supply Treated Water in adequate quantity to the Building/Industry/Institution for consumption in various areas.

2) To provide effective WasteWater Treatment & Reuse Technologies to the building/Industry/Institution to reclaim precious water and reuse it.

3) To provide Sewage Treatment system & Reuse Technologies to the building/Industry/Institution to dispose off sewage properly and reclaim precious water and reuse it.


Sl. No. AREA OF WORK PRODUCT
1 HOUSING SOCIETY ,RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS, COLONIES,SHOPPING MALLS,HOSPITAL &DISPENSERY,EXIBHITION CENTRES RECREATION SPOTS EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT(ETP), SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT(STP), RAIN WATER HARVESTING (RWH), SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT(SWM), INCINARATOR--BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT(BMWM), WATER HARDNESS, IRON, FLUORIDE REMOVAL UNITS.ANNUAL MAINTENANCE CONTRACT (AMC) OF ETP-STP.

2 INDUSTRIES EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT(ETP), SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT(STP), NOISE CONTROL SYSTEM (DG SET), ANNUAL MAINTENANCE CONTRACT (AMC) OF ETP-STP.

3 SCHOOLS , BANKS, GOVT. OFFICES SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT(STP), RAINWATER HERVASTING(RWH), WATER HARDNESS, IRON, FLUORIDE REMOVAL UNITS, BORE WELL FILTRETION SYSTEMS, ANNUAL MAINTENANCE CONTRACT (AMC) OF ETP-STP.


4 INDIVIDUAL HOME EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT(ETP), NOISE CONTROL SYSTEM (DG SET), RAINWATER HERVASTING(RWH), ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDIES, VALUE ADDITION-WATER RE-USE TECHNOLOGIES, ANNUAL MAINTENANCE CONTRACT (AMC) OF ETP-STP.

5 HOTELS & RESTAURANT


EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT(ETP), SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT(STP), NOISE CONTROL SYSTEM (DG SET), RAINWATER HERVASTING(RWH), ANNUAL MAINTENANCE CONTRACT (AMC) OF ETP-STP.

BOOKS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Sr No Title Author Publisher

1 Sewage Treatment In Hot Climates Duncan Mara Wiley-Interscience
2 Oxidation Ditches In Waste water Treatment M.G. Mandt & B.A. Bell Ann Arbor Science
3 Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering G.S.Birdie Dhanpat Rai & Sons
4 Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering Garg
5 Chemistry For Sanitary Engineers Sawyer Mc Graw -Hill
6 Waste Water Engineering:Treatment Disposal Reuse Metcalf & Eddy TATA McGraw-Hill
7 Liquid Waste Of Industry Nelson L. Nemerow Addison-Wesley Publishing Co
8 Guide For Industrial Noise Control P.N.Cheremisinoff & Elerbusch Ann Arbor Science
9 Journal Of Indian Water Works Association Mumbai
10 Microbiology for sanitary Engineers Ross E. McKinney McGraw-Hill Book Co
11 Industrial Pollution Control Handbook Herbert F. Lund McGraw-Hill Book Co
12 Air Pollution Handbook MaGill,Holden & Ackley McGraw-Hill Book Co